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Social loans are an important tool for developing local economies, especially in remote areas such as rural areas. The Indonesian Village City Savings and Loan Cooperative (KSU) is one of the business entities that provides loan capital to its members. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism of social loan agreements in the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian Village City and to determine the perspective of Islamic Economic Law on loan agreements in the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian Village City. This research method uses a descriptive research type with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews with the Management and members of the Savings and Loan Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian City Village. The results of the study show that first, the loan application procedure involves several steps such as becoming a member, filling out forms, completing documents and the approval stage. The maximum loan provision is 80% of the savings balance with a loan tenor of 12 months and 18 months. The payment system is made in installments through salary deductions and is subject to a 5% interest. For borrowing members who are late, there are no sanctions or fines but there is a time dispensation. Second, the loan application and management mechanism at the Multipurpose Cooperative has met sharia principles through transparent and structured governance, such as deductions from salary installments and a guarantee policy provided in the form of the amount of member savings balances. However, social loans at the Multipurpose Cooperative contain an element of benefit (profit) of 5%, which according to some scholars can be classified as usury because of the addition of value to the principal loan, even though the benefit is returned to members through the Business Result Remainder (SHU).

This research seeks to examine the policy of strengthening Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) via the Pejuang Muda initiative to boost local economic competitiveness in Surabaya City. The initiative showcases a partnership between local governments, universities, and communities, emphasizing capacity enhancement through mentoring, training, and digitalization of businesses. This study utilized a qualitative approach through a case study method. Data were gathered via thorough interviews with representatives from the Department of Cooperatives and MSMEs, Pejuang Muda participants, and supported business owners. The results indicate that the program notably enhanced managerial capabilities, product innovation, and market accessibility for MSMEs. Additionally, collaboration across sectors has enhanced the program’s sustainability and fostered a responsive local economic ecosystem to adjust to global market shifts. Nonetheless, obstacles persist in consistent policy and sustainable funding strategies. In general, the Pejuang Muda initiative exemplifies empowerment by merging social, educational, and economic principles within a local development framework centered on self-sufficiency and youth engagement. The research suggests implementing the program in additional areas with improved inter-agency collaboration, supportive policy measures, and fortified digital infrastructure to guarantee the ongoing sustainability of local economic development.

Cooperatives play a significant role in Indonesia’s economic system because they aim to enhance member welfare through collective ownership and cooperative principles. To maintain accountability, cooperatives are required to prepare financial reports following the Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP). This study examines how SAK ETAP is applied in the financial reporting practices of Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Mandiri Sejahtera, Comal Branch. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, data were gathered through interviews and an analysis of the 2022 financial statements. The results indicate that although the cooperative has implemented several elements of SAK ETAP, full compliance has not been achieved due to limited human resources and the absence of an integrated reporting system. Nevertheless, the preparation of PPAP reports reflects prudence in managing credit risk and highlights the need for digital systems and improved accounting skills to strengthen transparent and accountable financial management.

The implications of progressivism in learning serve as an essential foundation for building an educational process that fosters active, creative, adaptive, and innovative students in accordance with 21st-century competency demands. The progressive approach positions students at the center of the learning process through direct experience, deep exploration, collaboration, dialogue, experimentation, and problem-solving relevant to real-life contexts, ensuring that learning is not only focused on content mastery but also on the development of potential, character, independence, and higher-order thinking skills. This study employs a literature review method by examining primary and secondary sources on the principles of progressivism, active learning strategies, and their relation to the Merdeka Curriculum as a foundation for national educational transformation. The findings indicate that progressivism plays a significant role in shaping critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, digital literacy, and initiative through the implementation of learning by doing, project-based learning, simulations, scientific experiments, reflective discussions, and technology integration that strengthens learner autonomy. This experience-based approach effectively supports students in constructing knowledge independently while enhancing confidence, responsibility, social awareness, and cooperative skills. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as passive learning culture, limited teacher competence in active methods, insufficient facilities, overloaded curriculum, psychosocial barriers, academic anxiety, and students’ low confidence in expressing opinions. These findings affirm that progressivism is highly relevant to educational reform in Indonesia; therefore, improving teacher competence, strengthening facilities, reinforcing policies, providing continuous support, and creating safe, democratic, inclusive, and supportive learning environments are essential to help students develop optimally as independent, creative, and innovative learners.

This study analyzes the implementation of the murabahah contract in resolving Non-Performing Financing (NPF) for micro-enterprises through collateral auction at the Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Ahmad Yani Branch Office, Area Bandung Raya. The primary objective is to analyze the conformity of the auction process with comprehensive Sharia principles (fiqih muamalah), particularly focusing on the final stage of debt resolution. Employing a qualitative-descriptive method, data was gathered through literature review and direct interviews with personnel from the bank's collection and recovery department. The findings indicate that the NPF resolution procedure is conducted systematically and ethically, beginning with warnings, mediation, and intensive restructuring efforts, such as rescheduling and reconditioning, in line with the spirit of ta'awun and Fatwa DSN MUI No. 48/2005. The auction is only performed as a final, likuidatif resort when the customer is non-cooperative or entirely unable to pay after all 3R attempts have failed. Crucially, the process generally aligns with positive regulations and Sharia provisions, including the transparent process of Muzayyadah through KPKNL. Key aspects of Sharia compliance include the bank's commitment to returning any surplus funds from the collateral sale directly to the customer, thereby avoiding ghulul (fraudulent gain), and the provision of the option to waive the remaining debt for customers deemed genuinely unable to fulfill their obligations, in line with Fatwa DSN MUI No 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005. This research provides practical insights for Islamic financial institutions on balancing effectiveness in debt resolution with the imperative of comprehensive Sharia compliance and ethical transactional justice.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the murabahah bil wakalah contract within Islamic financing institutions by examining procedural compliance, documentation quality, and the effectiveness of internal monitoring. A qualitative approach was applied using in-depth interviews, structured observations, and document analysis involving purposively selected informants. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by data reduction, coding processes, source triangulation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the contract generally aligns with sharia principles, although operational challenges persist, including inconsistent documentation, varied member understanding of wakalah procedures, and limitations in monitoring practices. Verification processes and margin determination have been properly executed, yet administrative governance requires strengthening to ensure alignment between procedural guidelines and real-world practice. The study highlights the importance of increasing sharia literacy and enhancing human resource capacity to improve efficiency and compliance in implementing murabahah bil wakalah within micro-level Islamic financial institutions.

This study aims to explore how Indonesia's auspicious legal framework supports the establishment and functionality of cooperatives and identify challenges to its implementation. Used in this study is a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR), whose collection and review of literature were conducted through various academic sources with complementary legislation. The results of the research indicate that in spite of the existence of formal arrangements and rules for institutional factors and cooperative health assessments, field practice is weak due to lack of understanding, socialization, and effective supervision. Social and geographical diversity and legal limitations are also major concerns in the realization of adaptive and sustainable cooperatives. Therefore, the regulatory approach has to be reformed and the institutional strength of cooperatives increased to guarantee more effective functioning as well as in accordance with cooperative principles.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods and economic stability of Indonesian society, particularly within the Pademawu community. Indonesia’s vast agrarian landscape and strong reliance on agriculture have shaped various local traditions and cooperative systems among farmers. One such system is the muzara’ah agreement, a form of agricultural profit-sharing partnership between landowners and cultivators. This research focuses on the implementation of the Paron La’as agreement, a traditional form of muzara’ah practiced by the Pademawu community, which reflects both economic cooperation and Islamic legal principles. The study employs a qualitative approach using a field research design to collect descriptive data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that the Paron La’as system is conducted in accordance with the principles of Islamic law governing muzara’ah contracts, particularly in terms of fairness, mutual consent, and proportional profit distribution between landowners and farmers. Moreover, the study highlights how this cooperative practice not only strengthens economic ties within the community but also preserves local wisdom and social harmony. Therefore, the Paron La’as model demonstrates an effective integration of Islamic economic values with traditional agricultural systems, serving as a sustainable example of community-based agricultural cooperation in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles on the financial performance of Koperasi Pemasaran Trangsan Manunggal Jaya, including transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and literature studies involving 46 respondents knowledgeable about GCG implementation within the cooperative. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that transparency, accountability, and responsibility have a significant effect on financial performance, while independence and fairness do not. The regression model is statistically significant, with an R² value of 0.549, indicating that the independent variables explain 52.8% of the variation in financial performance, while the remaining 47.2% is influenced by other factors outside the model, such as work environment, company size, market competition, operational costs, and working capital

This research aims to analyze the governance forms implemented by the village government in the breakfast culinary tourism program to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Punden Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. It explores the application of good governance principles in local economic development based on culinary tourism. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study collected data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from village officials, MSME actors, and tourists. The study is guided by Sedarmayanti's principles of good governance, particularly participation and accountability, linked to MSME empowerment. The results reveal that the breakfast culinary tourism management has not been optimal. Accountability is weak, as the village government has not registered or mentored MSMEs in the tourism sector to obtain a Business Identification Number (NIB) from the local Cooperative and MSME Office. Additionally, there is a lack of reporting on tax deductions and minimal support for business capital and training, causing many MSMEs to cease operations. From a participatory perspective, the village government has not actively involved community institutions like Pokdarwis, PKK, and Karang Taruna in planning and implementing activities, resulting in weak social support for MSMEs. Overall, the management of breakfast culinary tourism in Punden Rejo Village has not optimally empowered MSMEs due to weak implementation of accountability and participation principles. The success of sustainable tourism depends on cooperation between the village government, MSMEs, and local institutions to build a participatory and accountable tourism management system.

This study aims to explore the ways in which Islamic Religious Education (PAI) influences the moral growth of Tamanayu 01 Elementary School pupils. Given the difficulties presented by the digital age and shifting societal norms, moral development has become an essential part of basic education. This study combined a case study methodology with a qualitative technique. Observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with the administrator, parents, instructors, and children were used to collect the data. The findings demonstrated that Tamanayu 01 Elementary School's implementation of PAI was done in a comprehensive way by incorporating Islamic values into the curriculum, holding regular religious events like congregational prayer and sermons, and encouraging teacher cooperation to create a religious school culture. In addition to cognitive dimensions, learning also addressed pupils' emotive and psychomotor aspects. Significant supporting factors included the commitment of the principal and teachers, family and community support, and the availability of infrastructure. However, the process of moral formation also faced obstacles such as limited time for PAI learning, the negative influence of social media, the diversity of student backgrounds, and limited resources. According to the study's findings, PAI plays a strategic role in forming students' personalities through an all-encompassing, contextual, and cooperative approach. It is anticipated that other elementary schools will use these findings as a guide when creating character education programmes based on Islamic principles.

A cooperative is an economic institution founded on the principles of solidarity and mutual cooperation with the primary objective of improving the welfare of its members. However, low cooperative literacy, particularly in rural areas, remains a major obstacle in optimizing the role of cooperatives as community-based economic institutions. In response to this challenge, a Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) was conducted in Pulau Harapan Village to provide fundamental knowledge about cooperatives and foster residents’ interest in establishing a community-driven economic organization. The program was implemented in late July 2025 using a participatory approach through three stages: material preparation, interactive socialization with membership and savings-loan simulations, and activity evaluation. A total of 62 participants—including village officials, women farmer groups, MSME actors, and local traders—were actively involved in the program. The results of the activities indicated a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of cooperative benefits. This was reflected in their enthusiastic engagement during discussions as well as the emergence of community initiatives to establish a village cooperative. As a follow-up, plans for an official founding meeting and continuous mentoring have been scheduled. Through these efforts, the cooperative is expected to grow into a sustainable pillar of the local economy

In the Indonesian economic system, cooperatives play a crucial role as one of the pillars of the national economy, as mandated in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This article emphasizes that "the economy is structured as a joint venture based on the principle of kinship," which serves as the constitutional basis for the existence and development of cooperatives in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, focusing on legal frameworks and regulations related to cooperatives. The results of the study indicate that the government holds an important and strategic role in regulating and supervising cooperatives to ensure the protection of the rights and obligations of cooperative members. Through regulatory instruments such as Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives, the government establishes cooperative principles, good governance standards, and oversight and development mechanisms. The government’s efforts are aimed at ensuring the operation of cooperatives is transparent, accountable, and beneficial to all members. Furthermore, the study found that despite these regulatory efforts, significant challenges remain in the cooperative sector. These include issues such as weak financial reporting, low literacy rates among cooperative members, and the dominance of local elites, which can hinder the equitable distribution of benefits. These challenges need to be addressed to ensure that cooperatives can fulfill their role as economic agents that contribute to national development in line with the principles of kinship and mutual benefit.

This study examines the strategic role of Koperasi Desa Merah Putih (Red and White Village Cooperative) in accelerating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia, using qualitative document analysis as the primary method. Key institutional documents—namely the Articles of Association/Bylaws (AD/ART) and the Village Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMDes)—were analyzed to identify cooperative values, integration into local development planning, and contributions to specific SDG indicators. Findings reveal that the cooperative’s core principles—voluntary membership, inclusivity, democratic governance, and equitable profit sharing—align strongly with SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). The RPJMDes analysis indicates formal recognition of the cooperative as a driver of economic empowerment, gender equity, and sustainable community development, with potential scalability to other villages and rural areas in Indonesia. Further analysis demonstrates how the cooperative actively promotes women’s participation in leadership roles, supports income-generating activities for marginalized groups, and encourages the localization of economic value chains. These practices foster not only economic inclusion but also enhance community resilience and social cohesion. However, several challenges were identified. These include inconsistent documentation quality, lack of standardized performance metrics, and limited results-based evaluation frameworks that hinder a thorough impact assessment. Additionally, there remains a gap in digitalization, which affects data transparency and accessibility. The study’s novelty lies in its document-based approach, offering a replicable model for assessing SDG readiness in similar rural institutions. Unlike interview-based studies, this method reduces subjective bias and highlights the importance of formal governance structures.

This community service activity was implemented with an educational and participatory approach through outreach activities, lectures, discussions, and intensive mentoring. This activity was aimed at participants in the meeting to establish the Merah Putih Village Cooperative, consisting of various elements of the community, Lembang officials, and several representatives from related sectors who have a direct or indirect relationship with village economic development through cooperatives. The material provided included an understanding of the basics of cooperatives, the benefits of the existence of cooperatives for village communities, as well as the stages or legal and administrative flows in the process of establishing a cooperative in accordance with applicable regulations in Indonesia. In addition, participants were also given insight into the principles of good cooperative governance, financial transparency, member meeting mechanisms, and the distribution of SHU (Surplus Operating Results) fairly and proportionally. The material was delivered through interactive lectures and open discussions that allowed for active participant participation to ask questions, provide suggestions, and express their experiences and hopes for the cooperative that will be formed. The activity continued with mentoring in the process of establishing the cooperative's organizational structure, including the election of administrators, the preparation of AD/ART, and understanding the duties and responsibilities of each element in the cooperative organization. The primary goal of this mentoring activity is to provide comprehensive understanding, increase community capacity to manage cooperatives independently and professionally, and encourage active community participation in productive economic activities through cooperatives. Thus, it is hoped that the Merah Putih Village Cooperative can become a sustainable driving force for the local economy.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.  

In Indonesia and many other EFL contexts, English is often taught in structured classroom settings that rely on scripted dialogues and controlled practice. This limits students’ exposure to spontaneous, real-life communication, reducing their ability to use English naturally and appropriately in authentic situations. This study investigates the pragmatic competence of Indonesian students during English interview interactions with foreign tourists, using Grice’s Cooperative Principle as the theoretical framework. Five video recordings were analyzed, featuring elementary and secondary students conducting unscripted interviews with tourists at Seminyak Beach, Bali. While the students generally demonstrated adequate grammatical control and vocabulary range, the findings reveal recurring challenges in sustaining natural and cooperative conversations. The most frequent violations involved the Maxims of Relation, Quantity, and Manner, with students often failing to respond appropriately to tourist answers, providing minimal elaboration, or speaking in unclear and disorganized ways. The results highlight the need for English language teaching to include explicit instruction in pragmatic skills, such as turn-taking, topic development, and interactional awareness.

This study is motivated by the increasing competition among cooperatives and the declining number of members at BMT Assyafi’iyah in recent years. This condition indicates the presence of various factors influencing people's decisions in choosing Islamic financial institutions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of advertising, financial literacy, and personal selling on the decision to become a member of a savings and loan cooperative from the perspective of Islamic business principles. The research was conducted at BMT Assyafi’iyah, Sumberagung District, Pringsewu, involving 89 respondents selected through purposive sampling. A quantitative approach was used with the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques. The results show that advertising has no significant effect on membership decisions, while financial literacy has a significant influence, and personal selling is the most dominant factor. These findings suggest that financial understanding and direct interaction are more effective in attracting prospective members than advertising strategies.

This study aims to examine the principle of cooperation in pragmatic analysis based on Grice's theory as applied in the Indonesian comedy show Lapor Pak! broadcast on Trans7. The focus of the research is on the violations of the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner as performed by characters such as Andika, Surya, Vincent, Wendy, and Kiki. These violations are analyzed as strategic communicative acts intended to generate humor. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method with listening and note-taking techniques applied to purposively selected dialogue transcripts. The findings reveal that the deliberate violations of Grice’s maxims function not as communicative failures, but as rhetorical and pragmatic tools that enhance comedic effect, deliver subtle social criticism, and strengthen character portrayal. Therefore, in the context of entertainment discourse, violating cooperative principles serves as an effective and purposeful pragmatic strategy.

This study aims to examine the realization of Grice’s cooperative principles in transactional speech acts between sellers and buyers at the Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang Sehat Lestari (Healthy Refill Drinking Water Depot). The cooperative principles consist of four maxims: quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The research is motivated by the importance of effective communication in sales interactions, particularly to avoid misunderstandings in conveying intentions and information. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through participatory observation and recorded conversations. The findings indicate that all four maxims were naturally realized in daily interactions. Utterances such as “Mas, air satu” (“One gallon, please”), “Air galon segar loh” (“The water is fresh”), and “Tolong kirim air 10 galon” (“Please deliver 10 gallons”) reflect contextually appropriate and functionally effective applications of the maxims. Furthermore, the use of concise, clear, and straightforward speech structures shows that the cooperative principles are not only evident in content but also in the linguistic form used. These findings highlight that communication in micro-level services such as water refill depots tends to be pragmatic, efficient, and shaped by local social norms and contextual understanding.