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This study aims to analyze strategies for increasing reading interest in developing a literate generation among elementary school students and to identify factors influencing literacy culture within school and family environments. The phenomenon of low reading interest among elementary school students has become a significant concern because the rapid development of digital technology tends to shift students’ attention from reading activities to audiovisual entertainment. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method at SDN 1 Notoharjo. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The participants consisted of one classroom teacher and four third-grade students of SDN 1 Notoharjo. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was tested using source triangulation and method triangulation. The findings revealed that literacy strengthening was implemented through morning reading activities, book discussions, the use of visual and digital media such as e-books, and the utilization of reading corners and school libraries. The study also found that students’ reading interest was influenced by the availability of reading materials, the comfort of literacy environments, family support, and the dominant use of gadgets for entertainment purposes. This study contributes scientifically by strengthening the concept of collaborative literacy involving schools, families, and digital technology in developing reading culture among elementary school students. The findings imply the need for more integrated, adaptive, and sustainable literacy programs to improve students’ reading interest in the digital era.  

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood faith education. Today’s children are growing up in an environment familiar with digital media, making it necessary to adopt a catechetical approach that keeps pace with the times. This article aims to examine the use of digital catechesis as a tool for early childhood faith education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, gathering data from books, scientific journals, research articles, Church documents, and other relevant sources. The data is analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods to understand the benefits, challenges, and role of digital catechesis in fostering children’s faith. Research findings indicate that digital catechesis can serve as an effective, engaging, and interactive medium for helping children learn about the teachings of the faith from an early age. The use of animated videos, religious songs, educational images, and learning apps can enhance children’s interest in learning, attention, and understanding of Catholic faith values. Furthermore, digital catechesis also assists the Church, families, and schools in providing faith education that is more contextual and aligned with the world of today’s children. However, the use of digital media still requires the guidance of parents, teachers, and faith mentors so that children receive proper direction and are protected from the negative impacts of technology. Thus, digital catechesis is a relevant tool in the faith education of young children when used wisely and purposefully. The presence of digital media does not replace the role of faith educators but serves as a tool that enriches the process of proclaiming the faith in the modern era.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

This study examines the interpretation of the Qur’anic verse mentioning the lion in QS. Al-Muddathir [74]: 51 through the approach of tafsir ilmi (scientific exegesis). The aim of this research is to analyze the theological meaning of the term qaswarah, explore the interpretations of classical and contemporary exegetes, and relate them to the perspective of animal science as well as the underlying wisdom. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using primary sources from Qur’anic verses and classical tafsir works, and secondary sources from books, journal articles, and relevant scientific literature. The results show that the term qaswarah in QS. Al-Muddathir [74]: 51 has various interpretations, such as lion, hunter, or something frightening. However, most exegetes tend to interpret it as a lion due to its relevance to the context of the parable in the verse. The parable illustrates people who turn away from the truth like wild donkeys fleeing in fear from a predator. From the perspective of tafsir ilmi, this depiction aligns with scientific facts that identify the lion as an apex predator capable of triggering a fight-or-flight response in prey animals. Furthermore, the mention of the lion in the Qur’an is not merely descriptive but also contains theological, ecological, moral, and psychological values. The lion serves as a symbol to describe irrational human behavior in rejecting the truth. Thus, tafsir ilmi demonstrates a harmonious relationship between revelation and science, where natural phenomena are used as a medium to convey profound moral and spiritual messages.

The rapid development of globalization has significantly influenced modern education systems, requiring not only the advancement of knowledge but also the strengthening of moral and spiritual values. This study aims to analyze the integration of Islamic values within modern education systems in the era of globalization. The research employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, utilizing various academic sources such as books, journals, and relevant documents. Data are collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis to interpret and synthesize existing theories and findings. The results indicate that the integration of Islamic values can be effectively implemented through curriculum development, teaching methods, digital technology utilization, and the role of educators as value transmitters. Furthermore, the study reveals that a holistic and systematic integration approach is essential to balance intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development in learners. The implications of this research highlight the importance of developing an integrative education model that aligns Islamic principles with modern scientific and technological advancements, in order to produce individuals who are not only academically competent but also possess strong moral character in facing global challenges.

The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has reshaped communication practices, consumer behavior, and marketing approaches, particularly among Generation Z, who are widely recognized as digital natives. For this generation, social media serves as a major channel for obtaining information and exploring product references before making purchase decisions. In this environment, influencer marketing has emerged as a prominent promotional approach because it can foster audience interaction, emotional connection, and trust more effectively than conventional advertising. This study examines the role of influencer marketing in shaping the digital behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing secondary sources drawn from academic journals, books, and related publications. The findings indicate that influencer marketing has a meaningful influence on information-seeking behavior, decision-making processes, and the level of digital engagement among Generation Z. Influencers are commonly viewed as more credible, relatable, and authentic sources of information. Furthermore, the effectiveness of influencer marketing is determined more by credibility, authenticity, and the quality of interaction than by follower count alone. These findings suggest that companies should adopt digital marketing strategies that are more interactive, personalized, and relationship-oriented in order to engage Generation Z more effectively.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of information technology in improving the quality of public services. The research method used is library research by collecting and analyzing various scientific sources, such as journals, books, research articles, and government documents related to information technology and public services. The results show that the implementation of information technology through online service systems, official websites, and administrative information systems is able to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. Information technology also helps accelerate administrative processes, reduce data management errors, increase employee productivity, and strengthen communication between the government and the community. In addition, the implementation of information technology supports the realization of e-government and good governance through increased accountability and information transparency. However, the implementation of information technology still faces several challenges, such as limited human resources, inadequate technological infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and the low ability of some communities to use digital services. Therefore, it is necessary to improve employee competencies, develop technological infrastructure, and conduct public socialization to optimize the implementation of information technology in public services. Overall, information technology has proven to be a strategic solution in creating modern, effective, efficient, transparent, and community-oriented public services.

This study aims to examine the role of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers in shaping students’ Islamic character through a character education approach. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research design by reviewing various literature sources, including books, journal articles, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers play a strategic role as educators, mentors, role models, facilitators, and guides in instilling Islamic character values in students from an early age. These values include honesty, discipline, responsibility, patience, empathy, humility, gratitude, mutual respect, cooperation, and obedience to Islamic teachings. The formation of Islamic character is carried out through classroom learning activities, daily habituation, exemplary behavior demonstrated by teachers, and various religious programs integrated into school life, such as congregational prayers, Qur’an recitation, and Islamic celebrations. In addition, teachers collaborate with parents and the school environment to create a consistent and supportive atmosphere for character development. The study concludes that the success of Islamic character education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level is strongly influenced by the consistency, commitment, and quality of teachers’ roles in carrying out their educational responsibilities and serving as positive examples for students in everyday life.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers’ personality competence in shaping students’ learning environments through a literature review approach. Personality competence reflects teachers’ stable, mature, and authoritative character, enabling them to serve as role models for students and influencing the creation of a conducive learning environment both psychologically and socially. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant official documents. The results show that teachers with positive personality traits are able to build harmonious relationships, create a comfortable classroom atmosphere, and enhance students’ learning motivation. Therefore, teachers’ personality competence is an important factor in supporting the quality of the learning environment and the success of the learning process. In addition, findings from various studies indicate that personality competence not only affects classroom interactions but also contributes to the development of students’ attitudes, discipline, and emotional stability. Teachers who demonstrate consistency, empathy, and integrity tend to foster a sense of trust and respect among students, which further strengthens classroom engagement. Moreover, a positive teacher personality helps reduce learning barriers such as anxiety, lack of confidence, and lack of participation in classroom activities. In the context of modern education, where student-centered learning is increasingly emphasized, teachers’ personality competence becomes even more essential in facilitating active learning and meaningful student involvement. Thus, strengthening teachers’ personality competence through training, reflective practice, and continuous professional development is crucial to improving overall educational quality and achieving optimal learning outcomes.

This study examines the historical development of education in Malaysia, which has undergone a shift from the traditional pondok system to modern religious schools. This change was influenced by various factors, including social dynamics, colonial influence, and societal demands for a more structured and relevant education system. This study aims to explain this development process and identify the various factors driving this change. The research employed a qualitative approach through literature review, utilizing various sources, books, journals, and scientific documents, which were analyzed descriptively to gain a deeper understanding. The results show that the pondok system, which was initially informal and simple, even focusing only on teaching religious knowledge and moral development, underwent changes due to the influence of colonialism, the development of Western education, and the increasing societal need for formal education. This change gave rise to modern madrasahs and religious schools with more structured curricula, integrating religious and general knowledge, and implementing more systematic methods. The findings of this study confirm that this development did not completely eliminate the pondok system, but rather developed it into a more comprehensive educational system, enabling Islamic education in Malaysia to remain steadfast in Islamic values ​​and adapt to modern demands.

Public health is an important indicator of the success of regional development and the quality of public services. Local governments play a strategic role in the provision of healthcare services through adaptive, effective, and community-oriented policies. This study aims to analyze local government policies in addressing public health issues through a literature review approach. The research method employed a literature study by examining scientific journals, laws and regulations, books, and policy documents related to regional health policies in Indonesia. The findings indicate that regional health policies are influenced by decentralization, fiscal capacity, the quality of governance, and inter-institutional synergy. Policy implementation continues to face several challenges, including limited budgets, low quality of healthcare human resources, unequal access to healthcare services, and weak intersectoral coordination. However, public service innovation and the strengthening of good governance have proven effective in improving healthcare service delivery. This study emphasizes that the success of regional health policies is determined by government commitment, community participation, integration between central and local policies, institutional strengthening, budget optimization, and service innovations based on community needs.

The rapid transformation of education driven by globalization and technological advancement demands adaptive learning approaches that align with the characteristics of Generation Z learners. This generation is known for its curiosity, independence in thinking, and openness to diverse perspectives, yet it is also vulnerable to misinformation and negative online influences. Within the context of Islamic education, learning is not solely oriented toward cognitive development but also emphasizes the cultivation of moral values, particularly tolerance. This study aims to explore how contextual teaching methods can contribute to fostering tolerant attitudes among Generation Z students in Islamic educational settings. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research, utilizing a descriptive-analytical framework. Data were collected from various sources, including academic journals, books, and previous studies related to contextual learning, multicultural education, and Generation Z characteristics. The data collection technique involved document analysis, followed by content analysis procedures such as data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that contextual learning effectively promotes tolerance by engaging students in discussion, problem-solving, reflection, and real-life experiences. The integration of multicultural values and the role of teachers as facilitators and role models further strengthen this process. However, challenges remain, including limited teacher understanding, the persistence of conventional methods, inadequate supporting facilities, and the influence of social media. Overall, contextual learning presents a relevant strategy for developing open-minded, balanced, and socially adaptive Generation Z learners.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of group guidance services in developing alpha girl characteristics among senior high school (SMA) female students. The method used is a literature review by examining various relevant sources, including books and scientific journals published within the last five years. The findings indicate that group guidance plays a significant role in shaping alpha girl characteristics through social interaction, group dynamics, communication skills, and participatory learning experiences. Through the stages of formation, transition, core activities, and termination, students gradually experience improvements in self-confidence, independence, leadership ability, and the courage to express themselves in social settings. This developmental process does not occur instantly but emerges through repeated experiences supported by a conducive group environment, effective facilitation from counselors, and continuous self-reflection. In addition, peer feedback within the group contributes to strengthening personal awareness and emotional maturity. Therefore, group guidance services can serve as an effective and systematic strategy in supporting the development of alpha girl characteristics among senior high school female students.

This study examines public service inefficiency in Indonesia during the digital era and its implications for achieving governmental organizational goals. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government and technology-based public services is expected to improve effectiveness, transparency, and service quality. However, several challenges remain, including weak system integration, rigid and hierarchical bureaucratic structures, limited human resource competencies, lack of sustainable service innovation, and inadequate supervision mechanisms. This research employs a literature study method with a descriptive-qualitative approach by analyzing various academic sources such as journals, books, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that digitalization has not fully reduced inefficiency due to structural barriers, organizational behavior issues, and the lack of an adaptive work culture. Therefore, strengthening human resource competencies, improving digital system integration, encouraging continuous service innovation, and enhancing supervision are necessary to ensure that digital public services effectively support the achievement of organizational goals.

Early marriage is a social phenomenon that remains prevalent in Indonesia and gives rise to various problems in family life. This article aims to analyze the implications of early marriage in light of the Code of Canon Law (CCL) Nos. 1055 and 1056 in the context of Catholic couples. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of books, scientific journals, and Church documents. The findings indicate that the CIC affirms marriage as a sacred covenant between a man and a woman oriented toward the bonum coniugum (the good of the couple), openness to children, and characterized by unity and indissolubility. In the context of early marriage, various implications were identified, such as emotional immaturity that triggers domestic conflicts, a high risk of divorce, low levels of education, and impacts on the health of mothers and children. Additionally, early marriage also indicates a weak understanding of the sacramental dimension and family responsibilities, including childrearing. Thus, CIC Nos. 1055 and 1056 provide an important normative foundation that marriage requires human, spiritual, and social maturity for the realization of a wholesome and prosperous Catholic family.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including the field of education, particularly Islamic Education. This study aims to explore various AI-based learning strategies that can be implemented to create a more effective, interactive, and contemporary learning process. The method employed in this study is a literature review by examining various scholarly sources, such as journals, books, and academic articles discussing the implementation of AI in education. The findings indicate that the integration of AI can be realized through personalized learning tailored to students’ needs, the use of chatbots as learning assistants, the analysis of students’ progress and learning outcomes, as well as the utilization of technology-based learning media. These strategies are not only capable of improving students’ cognitive aspects but can also strengthen the internalization of Islamic values when applied appropriately and systematically. Furthermore, this study emphasizes that teachers’ technological competence, infrastructure readiness, and the development of an adaptive curriculum are crucial factors in the successful implementation of AI-based learning within the context of Islamic Education.

dishonorable Discharge (PTDH) is the most severe administrative sanction for Civil Servants (PNS) proven to have committed corruption. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PTDH for corrupt civil servants and identify the obstacles in its execution. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, this study examines the effectiveness of PTDH through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, which includes legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The results show that, in terms of substance, the PTDH norm is strictly regulated in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. However, its implementation faces juridical, administrative, institutional, and socio-political obstacles, as reflected in the case of the delayed execution of PTDH for five civil servants in Mukomuko Regency. This phenomenon proves the existence of a gap between law in the books and law in action. Friedman's perspective explains that the failure of PTDH is caused by weaknesses in the legal structure (apparatus/executing institutions) and legal culture (integrity/ethics of the apparatus). This study concludes that the effectiveness of PTDH can only be achieved through synergy between firm legal substance, professional legal structure, and a legal culture that upholds the integrity of state apparatus.

Church leadership with integrity is a major challenge today. Melchizedek, a biblical figure of leadership (Genesis 14 and Hebrews 7), serves as a special example because he was both a priest and a king who had no beginning or end. This study aims to determine how Melchizedek's leadership with integrity can be applied by the leaders of the Indonesian Bethel Church in Manokwari. The method used in this research is a qualitative study through reading and reviewing various books and writings. The results indicate that Melchizedek's leadership principles, such as justice, a love of service, and remaining faithful to God, are highly suitable for application in today's church. In conclusion, integrity is crucial in church leadership because it can build trust and create a healthy church community.

Religious pluralism in Indonesia constitutes a unique national identity, yet it is vulnerable to horizontal conflicts and acts of intolerance. This study aims to analyze the importance of interfaith dialogue in fostering mutual understanding from Catholic and Islamic perspectives within Indonesia’s pluralistic society. The methodology employed is qualitative research using a literature review approach, involving the collection and analysis of various relevant sources such as books, journals, and academic articles. The results of the study indicate that both Islam and Catholicism possess strong theological foundations in support of interfaith dialogue, emphasizing openness, respect for differences, and a commitment to peace and coexistence. Interfaith dialogue has proven to be an effective means of addressing divisions or conflicts, combating intolerance, and fostering harmonious relationships within a multireligious society. Furthermore, it was found that barriers to dialogue are still influenced by factors such as fanaticism, a lack of understanding, and socio-political conditions. This study concludes that interfaith dialogue is a strategic approach to strengthening tolerance and national unity. Therefore, it is recommended that interfaith dialogue be continuously developed through education, interfaith cooperation, and the active role of religious leaders in fostering inclusive and sustainable communication.

Divorce has become an increasingly common reality in Christian family life and poses serious challenges for the church in carrying out pastoral family ministry. Theologically, divorce stands in tension with Christian ethics, which views marriage as a sacred and covenantal institution established by God. This article aims to analyze Christian ethics regarding divorce from a biblical theological perspective and to examine its implications for family ministry within the context of Ketapang, West Kalimantan. This study employs a qualitative research method with a theological-normative and contextual approach through a literature review of biblical texts, theological books, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that Scripture affirms marriage as God’s ideal will, while divorce is understood as a consequence of human sinfulness and relational brokenness. In the context of Ketapang, social, economic, and cultural factors contribute significantly to the vulnerability of families to divorce. Therefore, the church is called to develop a contextual family ministry that not only upholds Christian ethical norms but also embodies love, justice, forgiveness, and restoration for broken families. This article emphasizes that Christian ethics concerning divorce must be practiced pastorally and transformatively within the life of the local church.