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This research will analyze social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The novel Berkisar Merah is an object in this research, a novel with a background of a woman’s struggle in her life and Javanese culture in modern society which presents a new idea about cultural and social reconstruction which gives birth to new views, attitudes and ideas regarding humanitarian issues. The struggle of the female characters in the novel Bekisar Merah appears in an effort to fight all manifestations of gender injustice, in the form of subordination, stereotypes and violence. The struggle carried out by Lasi’s character takes the form of arguments for the spirit of equality through the vision of his novel, rejection of violence against women’s sexuality, as well as arguments for the truth about the meaning of women and men. Through the resistance of the female characters in the novel, it can be seen that the problem of male domination over women stems from gender issues, not sex. The aim of this research is to examine social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. This type of research is qualitative research. The data in this research are words that come from novel quotations, and the data source in this research is the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The data collection technique used in this research is reading and taking notes. Data analysis technique by classifying data including social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari, marking the words and making conclusions.  

The understanding of Christology among Christians is often ambigued. Some believe that Jesus only had a divine nature without a human nature, while others believe that Jesus was just an ordinary man. Therefore, it is very important for believers to have a proper understanding of Jesus Christ, which is based on the truth of God's Word, so that their faith is firm and in accordance with the teachings of the Bible. In this article “Christology in the Gospel of John: Jesus as the Way, the Truth, and the Life” can include the understanding that the Gospel of John emphasizes the identity of Jesus as the only way to salvation, the absolute truth, and the source of eternal life. In this context, Jesus is presented as the link between humanity and God, offering a deep understanding of spiritual and existential relationships. Through His statements, such as “I am the way, the truth, and the life,” the Gospel of John describes Jesus' mission of saving mankind and reveals God's loving nature.

The purpose of this study is to understand Romans 12:-2 from a hermeneutic point of view, especially in relation to the concept of "renewal of the mind" as the key to spiritual transformation in the Christian life. Paul emphasizes the importance of a profound inner change in order to be in harmony with God's will, which is not only a change in behavior, but also a change in mindset influenced by God's Word. Paul's letter to the church in Rome, written to the church in Rome, teaches about salvation through faith and the relationship between the Law and faith in Christ. In Romans 12:2, Paul exhorts believers not to follow worldly values, but to have experiences that renew their minds so that they understand God's will. This hermeneutic interpretation suggests that the renewal of the mind leads believers to live differently from the norms of the world, which affects all aspects of daily life, including relationships with others. However, challenges arise from cultural influences, world customs, and personal weaknesses that hinder change. The results of this study show that the transformation of the heart and mind that Paul teaches is an ongoing spiritual journey that requires dedication, discipline, and patience. This change enables believers to live according to God's good, pleasing and perfect will and bear witness to the world in the truth.

Missionary is a characteristic of God that must be present in His people, as a form of imitation of God who saved all ethnic groups through the work of Jesus Christ. However, many ethnic groups, including the DONS tribe in North Sumatra, have not been reached by the gospel of salvation even though they are geographically easy to reach. Currently, pioneers who reach the DONS tribe face various obstacles, both from within the DONS community and from the pioneers themselves. By recognizing these obstacles, it is hoped that they can find creative solutions and utilize digital technology as an effective means of spreading the gospel. Exploring the elements of DONS culture is also important to create an approach that is easy for them to understand. Although pioneers have tried to utilize the culture, improvements are still needed in creative ways to produce new strategies that are more effective in outreach. All of these efforts are made on the basis of God's love, so that DONS people can know Jesus as the Way, the Truth, and the Life, and receive the salvation that God has given through Christ.

Heresy is a theological term that refers to teachings or doctrines that are rejected by church authorities because they are considered inconsistent with biblical truth. The term comes from the Greek word haíresis, which was originally neutral but has a negative connotation in the Christian context because it refers to deviations from official church teachings. Over time, heretics were seen as threats to church authority because they taught something different from the official interpretation entrusted to the church under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. The Ark Movement, as a contemporary example, shows how different interpretations can be considered heretical by church authorities. Although active in its ministry, this movement was accused of teaching doctrines that were inconsistent with biblical truth, as well as manipulating the Word of God to fulfill personal ambitions and interests. Therefore, it is important to conduct an in-depth theological study of these teachings that are considered heretical, to ensure harmony with biblical teachings and prevent doctrinal distortions that can damage the community of faith. Without a systematic effort to strengthen correct theological understanding, the risk of heresy and division within the community becomes greater.

The constitutional procedural law in Indonesia plays a crucial role in upholding constitutional supremacy, with the Constitutional Court (MK) serving as the guardian that reviews laws and resolves constitutional disputes. This article discusses the procedural law in MK, the challenges it faces, and its impact on law enforcement and justice in Indonesia. The enforcement of justice in Indonesia remains far from ideal, reflected in the chaotic legal system, structure, and culture. This study examines the Kanjuruhan Tragedy to provide an insight into the practice of law enforcement. The findings show that the state is legally responsible for the incident due to its failure to protect and fulfill the human rights of the victims. However, law enforcement in Indonesia remains discriminatory, sharp against the lower classes, yet blunt against the elites. It is hoped that law enforcement officers and the government will be more attentive and aware of the importance of fair justice enforcement, ensuring that all citizens receive legal certainty, order, and protection based on truth and justice.

This activity aims to develop and advance religious education in the ability to write hijaiyah letters and increase children's love for the Koran at the Al Ikhlas Pakalongan Musholla. This service uses the PAR method, namely a method where the teacher gives special tasks so that students carry out activities by practicing. In an effort to optimize students' skills and also based on phenomena that occur in the local community in teaching the Qur'an. Students can also utilize their free time or free time with productive activities which are also useful for increasing their ability to write hijaiyah letters. This service activity produced several results, namely: increasing students' skills or expertise in writing the Koran, increasing knowledge of hijaiyah letters, and students being able to pronounce hijaiyah letters well. Learning hijaiyah letters is very important to maintain scientific truth, obey the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and protect the language so that reading errors do not occur.

Expository preaching is a type of preaching that is considered to promote the validation and inerrancy of the Bible. In accordance with the doctrine of inerrancy in the Bible, it explains the texts of the Truth of the past and this should also be applied to the partners in the 21st century. This means that biblical texts that claimed to be true in the past are still relevant today. To bring it to the present, the meaning and intent of the biblical text must first be understood by the expositor. Therefore, this research tries to explore some writings about the advantages of expository preaching, namely. 1. Helping the congregation understand the intent and purpose of God's Word. 2. Ensuring an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the Bible. 3.Encouraging spiritual growth. 4. Helps the congregation apply the teachings of the Bible to their daily lives. 5. Provide variety to maintain the interest of the congregation. Through this article the author will discuss how many things are related to the advantages of expository preaching, namely 1. What is expository preaching? 2. What are the advantages of expository preaching? 3. What are the steps in preparing an expository sermon? In the steps of preparing an expository sermon, it involves exegesis in the form of in-depth research on the verses to be preached, the use of various research aids such as Bible commentaries, lexicons, Bible dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other books related to preparing expository sermons. Next, the results of the study can be compiled into an expository sermon. The next step is the task of hermeneutics, adapting it to the current needs of the congregation. The final step is how the preacher then uses the art of rhetoric with various communication skills to be able to convey the Biblical message according to the audience and their current needs. The entire process is aimed at delivering a sermon that is biblical yet current.

This article discusses the theological understanding of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in 1 Corinthians 12:4-11, and its impact on the life of faith of Christians. The Apostle Paul emphasized the diversity of the gifts of the Holy Spirit given to every believer to build the body of Christ, namely the church. Although there are many different gifts, all come from one source, namely the Holy Spirit, and are intended for the common good. The theological view of Randy Frank Rouw highlights the important role of the Holy Spirit in the missionary service of the church, which enables people to sincerely accept Jesus and live His truth. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method to examine the understanding of the gifts of the Holy Spirit and its relevance in the context of the contemporary church. Data were obtained through a literature study with content analysis using the hermeneutic method, which provides an in-depth understanding of the meaning of these gifts in the historical and cultural context of the Corinthian congregation. The study also discusses how the modern church can apply these gifts wisely, considering the challenges faced by the contemporary church, such as differences in theological views and individualism. The results of the study emphasize the importance of a correct understanding of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the life of the church today, with the aim of introducing Jesus Christ to the world and glorifying God. The diversity of gifts must be appreciated in the unity of the body of Christ, and each congregation is expected to use these gifts in love, complementing each other, and supporting the development of the church and society. This approach aims to provide practical guidance for the church in implementing the biblical teachings on the gifts of the Holy Spirit.

in facing the changes in culture, thought, and morality that have emerged in the midst of postmodern society. In this context, Mark 4:1-20, which contains the parable of the sower, provides important insights into how the word of God The implementation of a sower for Christians in the postmodern era is a relevant topic to study considering the complex challenges faced by the church and individual Christians are delivered and received in various conditions of the human heart. This study aims to examine the relevance of the teachings in the parable for Christians in the postmodern era. In the postmodern era, where relativism, pluralism, and skepticism towards absolute truth are increasingly growing, the parable of the sower provides an illustration of how the word of God is spread and received in various situations. Just as the sower sows seeds into various types of soil (roadside soil, rocky soil, thorny soil, and fertile soil), so too Christians are faced with varying conditions of heart and mind in receiving the message of the gospel. This study identifies the challenges faced by the church, such as the influence of social media, individualism, and relativism, which can affect the way the word of God is received by postmodern society. Through a theological approach to Mark 4:1-20, this study offers a perspective on how Christians can act as faithful sowers, seeking to sow the seeds of the word with patience, and seeking to respond to various social and cultural conditions that exist wisely. Thus, the implementation of the parable of the sower in the context of the postmodern era not only invites people to actively spread the gospel, but also to understand the various challenges and heart situations that can affect the reception of the word.

This article discusses the concept of social interaction in Islam, particularly in the context of relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims. Islam teaches values of ukhuwah (brotherhood), tolerance, and justice in interactions with fellow human beings, both within Muslim communities and with those of different beliefs. The central principle taught in Islam is that there is no compulsion in religion (la ikraha fid-din), as religion is a personal choice and belief that cannot be forced. In the context of dialogue or debate with non-Muslims, Islam emphasizes the importance of good manners, politeness, and gentleness, so that debates or discussions can lead to the mutual discovery of truth without insulting or belittling others. Thabathabai’s interpretation explains that debating with non-Muslims should be done constructively, without containing any errors, flaws, or insults. However, debating with the unjust, who close themselves off from the truth, is considered unproductive and will only worsen the situation. This article also highlights that differences in religion, culture, and beliefs should be an opportunity for mutual understanding and cooperation in creating peace and well-being together. Islam teaches the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships with fellow humans, whether in social, political, or religious contexts, while respecting freedom of belief and personal integrity

Leadership in the Islamic perspective is a sacred trust given by Allah to humans as His vicegerents on earth to prosper the world and safeguard the well-being of the community. Leaders are required to possess key qualities such as honesty, trustworthiness, intelligence, and the ability to convey the truth, as well as being faithful, pious, just, professional, and responsible. The stories of Prophet Adam and Prophet David in the Qur'an illustrate the immense responsibility and the risks of succumbing to desires, which can be overcome through introspection and repentance. An ideal leader should use the Qur'an and hadith as guidance to achieve justice, welfare, and blessings for themselves and their communities, serving as a foundation for happiness in this world and the hereafter.

Social interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims is an important theme in communal life. The Qur'an provides clear guidance on how Muslims should interact with people of different faiths. Based on the interpretations of scholars such as M. Quraish Shihab, Hamka, Imam al-Razi, Ahmad Mushthafa al-Maraghi, and Dr. Aidh Qarny, social interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims should be based on the principles of mutual respect, kindness, and fairness. Qur'anic verses such as Surah Al-Mumtahanah 8, Surah Al-Hujurat 13, and Surah Al-Ankabut 46 emphasize the importance of maintaining good relations without coercion in belief and avoiding hateful debates, especially against the unjust. Islam teaches that debates conducted in a good and wise manner will strengthen interfaith relationships and bring people closer to the truth. In this context, Islam emphasizes the importance of maintaining good character in all forms of social interaction to foster peace and harmony in society.

almost all major international religions, especially those often called "semitic religions" (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) which because of their common history and "lineage", are based entirely on "revelation" and "prophets" to define their lifestyle. ontologically and legally, respectively. Revelation is literally interpreted as a quick sign, it can also be interpreted as something that is revealed, revealed or announced. Revelation is an enlightenment, a proof of reality and an affirmation of truth. It is a clear sign, a proof or indication, meaning or significance, to an observer, to be observed, contemplated and understood. From revelation, ideas, suggestions, thoughts, scientific discoveries, an egalitarian social order, and the discovery of divine truth will emerge, enriching knowledge, guidance, and human welfare as well as liberating shackled thoughts, corals, and emotions and elevating dignity and worth. people who are oppressed by the forces of injustice, tyranny and superstition.

This research aims to examine servant leadership and faithfulness in ministry in the postmodern era based on 2 Timothy 4:1-8. Using a qualitative method, it explores some of the scriptural texts and identifies the principles of leadership and faithfulness in ministry taught in Paul's letter to Timothy. Through this analysis, this study found that a servant of God's faithfulness in ministry must be based on the unchanging teaching of God's Word, even though the world around him continues to evolve in plurality and relativism. The main challenge for spiritual leaders is to maintain the truth of the Bible as the only authority in the face of various views that prioritize subjective and contextual truth. In the midst of postmodern trends that tend to relativize truth, spiritual leaders need to focus on the integrity of biblical teachings that are not influenced by culture or external pressures. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of spiritual leaders' strategies in discerning sound teachings from heresies, emphasizing the need to understand the signs of heresies, such as rejection of biblical authority or interpretations that do not fit the historical and cultural context of the Bible. Spiritual leaders also need to remind congregants of their identity as citizens of the eternal Kingdom of God, by ensuring that they remain firmly grounded in the unshakeable truth of the Bible. The results of this study provide insights for spiritual leaders in facing the challenges of ministry in the postmodern era and provide guidelines for congregants to remain faithful to the teachings of the Bible amidst the development of a changing worldview as well as directing them to remain firm on the unshakeable foundation of biblical truth to maintain faithfulness to the true teachings of the Bible.

The Post-Truth phenomenon has posed significant challenges to global democracy, particularly through the spread of disinformation that undermines public trust in political institutions and democratic processes. In this era, emotions and personal beliefs are prioritized over objective facts, exacerbating political polarization and creating an environment where hoaxes and disinformation can influence political decisions and citizen participation. Furthermore, the Post-Truth era impacts global mobility, as disinformation on issues such as migration, international policies, and ethnic identity heightens tensions between nations and threatens the integrity of international policies. This research aims to explore how disinformation in the Post-Truth era poses a threat to the stability of democracy and global mobility. Using a literature review method from various academic sources, this article analyzes the impact of disinformation on political processes, security, and international relations in the digital era. The findings indicate that disinformation significantly damages democracy and hinders global mobility, highlighting the need for collective measures to combat this threat.  

This study examines the rhetorical strategies employed by gubernatorial candidates Edy Rahmayadi and Bobby Nasution during the 2024 North Sumatra election, focusing on their use of ethos, pathos, and logos within Aristotle’s rhetorical framework. The research also compares their rhetorical approaches and evaluates their alignment with ethical communication principles, including transparency, truthfulness, and accountability. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes five campaign speeches from each candidate to identify persuasive strategies, compare their communication styles, and assess their ethical implications. Findings reveal that while both candidates effectively employ rhetorical strategies, their approaches differ significantly. Edy Rahmayadi emphasizes his track record and regional pride, often adopting a defensive tone to address criticisms. Bobby Nasution presents a more inclusive, proactive, and solution-oriented rhetorical style, appealing to optimism and collaboration. Furthermore, Bobby’s speeches align more closely with ethical communication principles through transparent, truthful, and actionable commitments, whereas Edy demonstrates partial alignment, occasionally deflecting responsibility or lacking specificity in his arguments. This research contributes to understanding political rhetoric and its ethical dimensions, offering insights into the interplay between persuasion and ethical leadership in electoral campaigns.

Spiritual growth of Youth is the process of growing in size or growing in the spirituality and context of Christianity. Spiritual growth involves trying to guide individuals who do not yet have a personal attachment to Jesus Christ toward a connection with Him, so that they can become part of God's responsible community [Latif Helen Farida, "The Influence of Teaching and Fellowship on the Spiritual Growth of Children and Adolescents," Christian Theology and Ministry (2017), 120.]. Rotto Marinus, means that spiritual growth is to provide teaching in the truth of God's word which is sown through teaching and fellowship. Therefore, in the context of pastoral ministry, a pastor of the congregation needs to teach the truth of God's word to Youth members. The pastor of the congregation plays a role in encouraging all members of the Youth to increase their spiritual growth. Good spiritual growth is greatly appreciated by Christ Jesus through His words. This study aims to explain the role of pastoral ministry on the spiritual growth of youth in the Church of the Indonesia Christian Church, Gospel of the Majapahit Satellite Kingdom, Semarang. To answer the problems and objectives of the research, qualitative research methods are used by applying data collection. The result of the research to be achieved is that the pastor of the church as a spiritual leader who plays an intense role in order to be able to increase the spiritual growth of youth well according to the teachings of Jesus in His word.

Honesty is one of the core values in Islamic education that serves as a foundation for shaping individual character, particularly in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This study aims to explore honesty as a fundamental value in Islam, its implementation strategies in pesantren, and its impact on the character development of students (santri). Using a qualitative approach, this research utilizes literature analysis and field observations to understand how honesty is taught, practiced, and internalized in the daily lives of students. The findings reveal that honesty is implemented through the reinforcement of religious values in daily activities, fostering truthful behavior in the teaching-learning process, and role modeling by caregivers and educators. Implementation strategies include an ethics-based educational approach, strict supervision, and continuous evaluation. The impact is evident in the increased self-confidence of students, strengthened integrity, and their ability to face life challenges in alignment with Islamic principles. Thus, honesty is not only a critical element in shaping the character of students but also a foundation for developing individuals who are responsible, trustworthy, and morally upright. This study recommends the consistent application of honesty-based learning methods as a pillar of character education in pesantren.

The development of digital era technology is currently so rapid that all kinds of human activities are very dependent on technological advances. Digitalization has penetrated all sectors of modern human life, including data archiving activities. Archives are very important for an organization or government if the archives are managed properly and correctly. Because the completeness of data and information really depends on the archiving system. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of implementing digital archives for storing digital documents. This type of research uses a qualitative approach. This qualitative research seeks to explore and understand different truths by different people. In a qualitative approach, one type of approach that is often used is the case study approach. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model data analysis technique. The results of this research explain the effects of implementing digital archives for storing digital documents.