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Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a major nutritional challenge in Indonesia, including in Bukittinggi. Despite proper health service utilization, the burden of CED is relatively high and has a non-economic component that includes cultural and family social support.  The influence of the husband on the nutritional status of pregnant women is frequently overlooked by prevention and control strategies. This study sought to investigate husbands' thoughts and roles in the prevention of  CED  in pregnant women in  Bukittinggi.  The present study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design including 15 husbands of pregnant women (experienced and non-experienced  CED)  and  5–7  triangulation informants  (pregnant women and health workers).  Semi-structured interviews and non-participatory observations provided the data, while  NVivo  12  was employed for thematic analysis. Source triangulation and member checking validate the data. The results indicate that the majority of husbands do not understand CED scientifically and view their support solely as financial assistance. Although emotional and informational motivations can affect positive nutritional behaviors, they are still regarded as weaknesses. Among the external barriers are costs, long hours of work, and a patriarchal culture that severely restricts husbands' ability to be involved in their wives' nutritional problems. However, some informants have indicated a value shift that prioritizes emotional involvement over intellectual focus.  The  intervention strategies for future implementation should be family-based with a primary focus on couples' nutrition education, emotional  strengthening,  and  the  inclusion  of  males  in  maternal  health  programs  (e.g.,  paternity-readiness sessions  

This article explores the contributions of Muslim scholars to the development of number theory and their impact on global mathematics. Through a qualitative research method with a library research approach, the study examines the works of notable figures such as Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Kindi, Omar Khayyam, and Al-Karaji, highlighting their roles in refining and advancing mathematical concepts. It also discusses the philosophical and theological influences that shaped their approaches to numbers and mathematics. The article further analyzes the transmission of these ideas to the Western world and their subsequent influence on Western mathematical traditions. The findings suggest that Muslim scholars played a pivotal role in the evolution of number theory by integrating knowledge from various civilizations and introducing innovative mathematical frameworks. Despite certain limitations regarding source accessibility and reliance on historical interpretations, the research underscores the enduring impact of these contributions on the development of modern mathematics.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a crucial aspect of organizational management that focuses on managing individuals as valuable assets to the company. One significant area of HRM is job satisfaction, which is a complex emotional reaction to one's job. High job satisfaction can enhance employee performance, as satisfied employees tend to be more enthusiastic and productive. Employee performance, which includes abilities, skills, and work outcomes, can be influenced by intellectual intelligence, organizational culture, and organizational communication. Intellectual intelligence (IQ) plays a role in employees' effectiveness at work and contributes to organizational success. Effective organizational communication strengthens an inclusive culture and supports collaboration, while organizational culture serves as an identity and impacts employee performance. This study aims to analyze the effects of intellectual intelligence, organizational culture, and organizational communication on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Surakarta City Population and Civil Registration Office. The research is expected to provide insights into how these factors influence employee performance and offer recommendations for enhancing satisfaction and performance within the government organization.

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 2020 to 2022 highlights the significant role of the Armenian diaspora in supporting Armenia across various dimensions. The research aims to determine the extent to which the Armenian diaspora's support influences the Armenian government's capacity to handle the conflict. The study utilizes theories of public diplomacy and diaspora engagement, employing a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative data from secondary data processing such as journals and written results containing data about Armenian Diaspora, official website of the Armenian government, and quantitative data from financial contributions and diplomatic records. Findings indicate that the Armenian diaspora's political lobbying and advocacy efforts have secured significant diplomatic support, while economically providing substantial remittances, investments, and humanitarian aid. Socially, the diaspora has shaped international public opinion through campaigns and cultural activities, and intellectually, it has offered strategic insights enhancing the government's approach to the conflict. Additionally, the mobilization of human resources by the diaspora has provided direct assistance in Armenia. This research offers a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between the Armenian diaspora and the Armenian government, demonstrating the substantial impact of multidimensional diaspora support on the government's capacity to manage the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Islamic education has a very strategic role in forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has faith and noble character. Education in Islam is designed to develop all human potential, both physical, intellectual, spiritual and moral, aiming not only for worldly life, but also happiness in the afterlife. In this context, Islamic education combines religious values ​​with modern knowledge to create humans who are able to adapt to the challenges of the times without forgetting their religious identity and teachings. This paper aims to explore the concept of Islamic education from various perspectives, including philosophical aspects, objectives, curriculum, teaching methods, as well as their implementation in modern life. By deepening understanding of Islamic education, it is hoped that solutions will emerge to the global challenges faced by Muslims today, such as moral crises, value disorientation, and an imbalance between mastery of knowledge and spirituality. This paper also highlights the importance of updating the curriculum and teaching methods in accordance with technological developments and the demands of the times, without ignoring fundamental Islamic values. Through this study, it is hoped that readers can understand more deeply how Islamic education can play a role in forming a generation that is not only physically intelligent. intellectual, but also have strong moral and spiritual integrity, so that they are able to contribute to creating a better civilization in the future.

This research focuses on a phenomenological study of the gender struggles of seminary candidates. Sexuality and celibacy have been the subject of ongoing debate and research in religious contexts, particularly in Catholicism, where celibacy is an important part of the spiritual life of priests and priesthood candidates. The aim of this research is to determine the perceptions and experiences of prospective pastors in developing their sexual lives. The methodology used in this research is a phenomenological study by interviewing college pastors. From these sources, their experiences in managing sexuality were explored. This research concludes that human and spiritual maturity makes the sexuality of prospective priests healthier. A healthy appreciation of sexuality causes prospective priests to grow in human, spiritual, intellectual, pastoral and communal intelligence.  

The Middle Ages in Islamic history is a century filled with thinkers and ideas from various fields. One of the experts at that time was the genius Islamic thinker Ibn Khladun who is famous among modern intellectuals. Ibn Khaldun is considered an expert in the fields of history, sociology, and politics. This research uses a literary method approach to explore the concept of asabiyah in Ibn Khaldun's thought and its implications for the formation and management of the state. Data is collected from various written sources such as books, journals, literature and scientific publications. Ibn Khaldun's view states that asabiyah which contains the spirit of brotherhood and group solidarity can be the key to the success of a country when utilized positively. But if directed negatively to unlimited fanaticism, asabiyah can threaten the stability and justice of government. Ibn Khaldun also underlined the importance of a leader who fulfills the characteristics of Imamah, namely strength, wisdom and the ability to lead fairly in accordance with his religious beliefs. Through understanding the idea of ashabiyah and the principles put forward by Ibn Khaldun, this study highlights the process of forming the state and government by the community. In addition, Ibn Khaldun divided his views on politics into two main components: the state and the leader. He asserted that a state will continue to develop from primitive times to more civilized times, with the expectation of production, civilization, wisdom, and strength that can overcome complex political situations. Therefore, asabiyah is not just an abstract concept, but also has a strong and real influence on the social and political dynamics of society and the people. Ibn Khaldun's work remains an important source of learning in both Western and Eastern countries to this day.

The strategy to improve the quality of higher education cannot be separated from a development system that is planned, directed and organized in running the organization, productive efforts and breakthroughs really need to be carried out and developed because higher education is a forum for producing intellectual generations as well as producing generations who have moral character. The strategy for improving the quality of higher education does not only start from building adequate infrastructure but also must pay attention to increasing the competency of human resources (HR), so that they have good quality competence, both at the national and international level because quality universities are capable of responding to the challenges, needs and desires of society in line with the progress and development of science that continues to advance.

Mental health is a condition in which a person has well-being as seen from himself who is able to realize his own potential, has the ability to cope with life's pressures and is normal in every situation in life, is able to work productively and productively, and is able to contribute to his community. According to the World Federation for Mental Health (World Federation for Mental Health) explains the notion of mental health as a condition that allows for good physical, intellectual and emotional development, as long as it is in accordance with the circumstances of other people. Good mental health has an inner condition that is in a peaceful, calm and positive state, so that it makes a person enjoy everyday life and respect other people around him. But on the other hand, when you have a mental health disorder, it will have an impact such as: emotions are always high and irritable and experience unexplained pain.

Brand is an important element of a company's identity and success. As business competition becomes increasingly fierce, legal protection of brands becomes very important to maintain business continuity. This article examines the urgency of brand protection through a case study of the MS Glow and PS Glow brands. The main focus is on legal protection of brands to prevent actions that infringe intellectual property rights, avoid financial losses and maintain brand integrity. By analyzing this case, this article highlights the importance of effective laws in protecting the interests of brand owners, encouraging innovation, and ensuring fairness in a dynamic business environment.  

Copyright is the legal right that inherently belongs to the creator of a work once it is expressed in a tangible form, and it cannot be limited unless specified by the law. Music and songs are forms of intellectual property that should be registered with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). Song copyright is a legal privilege that musicians can get by creating a piece of art in the form of music and songs. Songs are a form of intellectual property that is safeguarded under Law Number 28 of 2014. With the advancement of highly advanced technology, it becomes more convenient for individuals to enjoy songs or music through an application. Nevertheless, several cover versions continue to be posted without obtaining consent from the original creator. This text seeks to determine if a creator, whose song has been uploaded by a third party, is entitled to legal protection. Additionally, it intends to explore the legal ramifications for individuals who upload a song without the author's consent. The author employs normative research methodologies in this study, analyzing legal resources such as statutory rules, legal theory provisions, and expert opinions. According to Article 5 and Article 9 of Law Number 28 of 2014 about Copyright, creators are granted legal protection for music that are uploaded by third parties, regardless of the medium used to announce the song. This protection applies universally, regardless of location.

Intellectual property rights are an implication of the development of international trade, especially in industrial countries. In developing countries, the understanding and protection of intellectual property rights receives less attention, which causes many violations of intellectual property rights and harms creators and inventors. Intellectual property rights have an important role in economic traffic, both regional and international, including investment in a country to spur economic growth of the country and its people. Indonesian society, which is diverse in culture, religion and ethnicity, has very rich creative works, and must take part in the utilization of intellectual property rights. Legal protection and use of copyright are very necessary to become a source of development for the national economy and Indonesian society This research is aimed at examining the implications of Intellectual Property Rights on economic benefit gains. An owner of Intellectual Property Rights as a creative subject must obtain a guarantee of legal protection on his or her work. The result shows that the form of legal protection of intellectual property rights is that the owner of intellectual property rights in performing his or her rights must be protected by law. The economic rights owned by the owner will gain economic benefits if it is performed. The rights include the rights to use, to produce, to publish, to copy, to import, to export and to grant a license (permit) to another party that is intended to make use of the intellectual property. In a condition of law violation, the Law of Intellectual Property Rights as a preventive effort will give a right to an owner of intellectual property rights to sue on civil, criminal, or administrative law. The sanctions on the law breaker are also already written in each law of intellectual property rights that includes copy right, brand right, patent right, graphic design right, and integrated circuit lay-out right. The reason why an owner does not automatically gain economic benefits from his or her work is because he or she does not use the economic rights that he or she has. Some matters causing it are quite high costs of production, difficult licensing, and hard competition. The law protection and economic benefits are two essentials of intellectual property rights. An owner of intellectual property rights is a creative subject that should have those two matters.  

This article examines the possibility of reconstructing Islamic epistemology through the integration of classical Ilm al-Usūl principles with modern epistemic challenges. The revivalist/textualist, reformist/maqāṣidī, and critical-hermeneutic approaches to Islamic epistemology are discussed, each contributing a unique perspective on the reconciliation of traditional Islamic knowledge with modern intellectual developments. The main objective is to analyze how Ilm al-Usūl can maintain its normative foundations while responding to contemporary issues such as misinformation, the growing complexity of scientific knowledge, and the fragmentation of epistemic authority. By examining maqāṣid al-sharīʿa, ḥujjiyyah, and other core concepts within Ilm al-Usūl, the article proposes a conceptual bridge that balances revelation with empirical data, fostering a more adaptive epistemological framework. The research design follows a conceptual-analytical library approach, utilizing both classical Islamic legal texts and modern epistemological literature, including social epistemology and theories of knowledge justification. The results reveal that the reconstruction model offers a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional approaches, addressing modern epistemic challenges without abandoning foundational Islamic principles. The discussion highlights the importance of modernizing the methodology to include empirical tools like data literacy and ethical considerations, while maintaining the normative integrity of Islamic knowledge. The article concludes by presenting practical implications for Islamic education and religious authority, recommending the integration of scientific literacy and modern epistemic practices into Ilm al-Usūl curricula. It also suggests future research on specific case studies and the development of modern indicators of epistemic authority.

The purpose of writing this article is to find out the implementation of prophetics in higher education institutions. This research uses a type of library research. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that the importance of education is found in various Islamic literature, especially in the Qur'an as a guide for humans in implementing life and life. The implementation of prophetic in higher education is carried out through a program of instilling character values ​​and developing a grand design for character education adapted to the vision and mission of higher education. Character configuration in the context of the totality of psychological and socio-cultural processes can be grouped into: spiritual and emotional development, intellectual development, physical and kinesthetic development, and affective exercise. and creativity development). The development of education implementation based on prophetic values ​​in higher education is carried out in an integrated manner through three channels, namely: integration in learning, management of departments and study programs, as well as student activities. The steps include design, implementation, evaluation and follow-up which will be developed and implemented in the development of the higher education institution concerned itself.

The integration of religion and science has become the subject of interesting debate in the modern intellectual world. Hossein Nasr, an Islamic philosopher and scholar, made important contributions to understanding the relationship between these two fields. In his perspective, Nasr emphasizes the importance of understanding religion and science holistically, as two complementary dimensions in the search for truth. This article explores Nasr's thinking on the integration of religion and science, highlighting his arguments about the epistemological and ontological differences between the two as well as attempts to unite them in a coherent view. The discussion also includes the practical implications of Nasr's views in the context of modern life.

This article discusses the importance of Pancasila education in shaping tolerance and social awareness among Indonesian university students. Based on the nation's five core principles, Pancasila education plays a crucial role in developing the character of the younger generation. By instilling strong moral and ethical values, this education aims to equip students with the ability to face social challenges wisely and responsibly. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through library research. The findings indicate that Pancasila education can create a conducive learning environment for students' self-development, encompassing not only intellectual aspects but also the formation of moral character. The implementation of this education includes interactive teaching methods, practical experiences, and character education development. Effective methods include group discussions, case studies, community service programs, and student organization activities. In conclusion, Pancasila education must be an integral part of the higher education curriculum to ensure that students thoroughly understand and apply Pancasila values in their daily lives. This is expected to produce a young generation with strong character, tolerance, and social awareness, contributing to the formation of a harmonious and just society.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

This article explores the reframing of holistic education by integrating spirituality and ethics as core components to achieve transformative impact. The study highlights the limitations of conventional education systems that prioritize cognitive development while neglecting moral and spiritual dimensions. The objective is to propose a more comprehensive educational paradigm that nurtures learners as whole individuals—intellectually, emotionally, morally, and spiritually. Using qualitative literature analysis, this study identifies the role of spiritual and ethical integration in shaping character, enhancing empathy, and fostering social responsibility. The findings suggest that embedding these values within curriculum design and instructional practices contributes to meaningful personal development and community transformation. By addressing the growing need for a more inclusive approach to education, the article emphasizes how integrating spirituality and ethics can bridge gaps in traditional educational models. The research underscores the importance of fostering emotional and moral intelligence alongside intellectual growth, particularly in a world where global challenges require not only intellectual problem-solving but also ethical decision-making and empathy. The implications emphasize the need for inclusive and humanistic approaches in education, encouraging educators to act as facilitators of life values and agents of change. Through the integration of spirituality and ethics, education can help shape a new generation of compassionate leaders and engaged citizens. By reimagining holistic education through this lens, the article offers a framework that aligns academic achievement with ethical consciousness and spiritual growth, ultimately fostering a more just and compassionate society. This transformative approach offers a comprehensive model for educators and policymakers aiming to prepare students not only for professional success but also for meaningful lives rooted in integrity and responsibility.

This research discusses the important role of parental communication in improving the cognitive development of early childhood. Effective communication between parents and children is a key element in shaping children's cognitive aspects, which influences the development of children's character, independence and intellectual abilities. Through a qualitative approach with literature study, this research analyzes various related literature and research, highlighting the importance of the role of parents in supporting the guidance and counseling process, becoming partners in child development, communicating with teachers, and involving themselves in school activities. The research conclusion shows that the role of parents in improving cognitive abilities in early childhood has a significant impact and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand and implement their parental role actively and collaboratively to ensure children's welfare and optimal development, both inside and outside the home environment.