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The role of the teacher as a leader in PAUD learning is very important to create an effective and quality learning process. Teachers not only function as teachers, but also as leaders who direct, motivate and create a learning environment conducive to children's cognitive, social and emotional development. Through experiential and game-based learning approaches, teachers are able to develop independence and leadership skills in students from an early age. In addition, teachers also act as facilitators, motivators, and inspirers who provide examples and support to optimize children's potential. Teacher leadership in PAUD is essential to improving the quality of learning and shaping children's character as a whole. 

This study aims to describe the role of teachers in shaping the religious character of early childhood at Al Azhar 43 Gorontalo Islamic Kindergarten. A descriptive qualitative approach is used to understand the teacher's strategy in guiding children through exemplary, habituation, motivation, and contextual learning. The results showed that teachers play a central role as role models, facilitators, mentors, and motivators in the formation of children's religious character. Routine activities such as praying together, habituation of greetings, and worship practices are effective ways to introduce religious values to children. In addition, collaboration between teachers, parents and educational institutions strengthens the learning of religious values both at school and at home. A supportive environment and consistent involvement of all parties are the keys to successful religious character building in early childhood. This research is expected to be a reference in the development of religious character education in early childhood education institutions.

This study aims to explore the roles of schools and parents in shaping the character of students with physical disabilities at SLB Yasmin Sumenep. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through a case study method, data were gathered via interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that schools play a significant role by providing accessible facilities, training teachers, and promoting an inclusive school culture. Teachers act as facilitators and guides, applying adaptive teaching strategies and instilling positive values. Meanwhile, parents serve as primary companions at home, fostering their children's confidence and independence. The collaboration between schools and families is essential to creating a supportive and effective learning environment. Despite challenges such as students’ physical limitations and emotional fluctuations, comprehensive support from all stakeholders contributes to the optimal development and character building of students with physical disabilities.

Inclusive education at the elementary school level requires an appropriate approach to support the learning success of students with special needs, including children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the individual guidance approach in helping children with ADHD overcome learning challenges, as well as identifying obstacles and supporting factors in its implementation in elementary school environments. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method at SDIT Al-Ghazali Pamekasan, through data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study were grade 4 teachers and one of the students with ADHD as the main subject. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing methods. The results of the study showed that individual guidance was significantly able to improve learning focus, as well as the social and emotional skills of students with ADHD. This success was greatly influenced by teacher involvement, parental support, and adaptive learning strategies. However, challenges such as limited teacher time, lack of varied learning media, and lack of special training are still obstacles that need to be addressed systematically. These findings contribute to the development of more effective inclusive education strategies, especially in supporting students with attention and behavioral disorders in elementary school environments.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Language skills are an important aspect in early childhood growth and development because they are the basis for building communication, developing mindsets, and interacting with others. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of audio-visual media in supporting the improvement of early childhood language skills in Kusuma Cendekia Kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the use of audio-visual media, such as children's songs, educational animations, and illustrated stories, is able to encourage increased vocabulary mastery, fluency in speaking, and children's courage in communicating. The media is considered effective because it is able to present interesting, concrete, and interactive learning, and is in harmony with the developmental stage of children aged 5-6 years. Teachers also apply strategies such as singing together, role-playing, and retelling the content of the video to strengthen children's language mastery. Nonetheless, some obstacles were found, such as the limitations of facilities and challenges in selecting the right content. The results of this study recommend the use of audio-visual media as one of the creative and fun learning tools in the early childhood education environment.

Children are the next generation and the hope for the nation's future. However, not all children have the opportunity to grow up in a complete and supportive family environment. The Menara Kasih Indonesia Orphanage Foundation serves as a social solution for children who have lost their parents or are in a state of neglect. This research aims to examine how the background, social services, and caregiving patterns are implemented in this orphanage. The methods used were literature study, descriptive qualitative with observation, and direct interviews with the orphanage administrators and one of the children from the orphanage. The research results show that this orphanage applies a warm and supportive familial parenting style, where the staff actively play the role not only as parental substitutes but also as companions in the children's learning process. The caretakers help the children with their schoolwork and provide emotional support. However, in terms of funding and facilities, the Menara Kasih Indonesia Orphanage Foundation still has limitations.

This article discusses the importance of psychological well-being in early childhood within the context of social interaction in hybrid environments, which combine online and offline learning. The study aims to explore how social interaction influences children's psychological development and provides recommendations for best practices to support their well-being. The findings indicate that positive social interactions contribute to enhanced psychological well-being, while challenges in hybrid environments need to be addressed to support optimal child development.

Creativity in early childhood is a crucial foundation for children’s cognitive and social development. This article examines how various play activities can serve as effective media to build creativity in early childhood. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group involving children aged 4–6 years in early childhood education settings. The results show that constructive play, role-playing, and outdoor play activities significantly enhance children’s creative abilities. Furthermore, the role of the environment and adult support positively influences creativity development. These findings highlight the importance of providing meaningful play activities and a conducive environment to maximize children’s creative potential from an early age. Practical implications for educators and parents are also discussed as efforts to improve the quality of early childhood education.

This research is entitled "The effect of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children aged 5-6 years at PAUD Ar-Rahman, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency". The problem in this study is the low attitude of caring for the environment. This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children aged 5-6 years at Ar-Rahman PAUD, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency. This type of research is Pre-Experimental with One Group Pre Test - Post Test design. The sample in this study amounted to 15 children consisting of 7 boys and 8 girls. The data collection technique in this study uses observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this study are normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. The results of the hypothesis were obtained after the initial test (pre test) and final test (posttest), then the researcher analyzes the results of the research. The results of data analysis in proving the hypothesis test were obtained tcount = 71.132 while to determine the table with a significance level of 5%, a ttable of 2.145 was obtained. So it can be concluded that > ttable calculation, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that there is a significant influence of the use of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children at PAUD Ar-Rahman, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency.

Early childhood represents a critical stage of rapid growth and development, during which children require appropriate stimulation to optimize both their physical health and overall well-being. One effective approach to meet these developmental needs is through engaging and enjoyable physical activities. Creative gymnastics, which combines rhythmic movements with music, offers a practical and appealing method to strengthen children’s immune systems while simultaneously fostering the development of gross motor skills. This community service program was implemented at Early Childhood Education (ECE) Citra Kasih School, Ambon, and involved children aged 4–6 years. The method of implementation emphasized direct practice, where children actively participated in a series of simple, structured, and playful movements accompanied by cheerful music, making the activity easy to follow and enjoyable. Observations during the program indicated that children showed a higher level of enthusiasm, increased activeness, and notable improvements in stamina, balance, and movement coordination. In addition, teachers expressed positive responses, highlighting the added value of integrating structured physical activities into the learning environment. The program not only benefited the children physically but also provided educators with new insights on effective strategies to support children’s health. Therefore, creative gymnastics can be recommended as a routine school activity to strengthen immunity, improve physical endurance, and promote healthy lifestyles in early childhood.

Visual communication is an effective way to convey messages, especially in the context of delivering messages for the development of children's character. Beneficial visual content can help shape the values and perspectives of children. By controlling the consumed content, we can ensure a positive learning experience for children. Paying attention to the visual content provided to children is a crucial step in creating an environment that supports their positive growth. This journal explains how an animated children's song becomes an educational tool broadcasted through the YouTube platform. By combining careful theoretical and research methodology approaches, this journal explores how animated content on YouTube can serve as an educational tool for children. The results of this study will create an understanding of an easily accessible educational tool for children through the YouTube platform. The discussion of this topic can provide valuable insights to support the effective design of animated content in aiding the developmental stages of children

Bilingualism of Junior High School Children and Its Implications for Indonesian Language Learning. This research seeks to explore how much interaction takes place between a child’s native language and their second language in junior high school students. The phenomenon of using multiple languages (bilingualism) is observed not just in informal settings, but it also extends into formal environments. This practice leads to children experiencing difficulties in differentiating between languages.

Clean living behavior can be done by maintaining the sustainability of life can be done by reducing waste, saving energy, planting trees, and not littering. Waste sorting can be done by separating organic and inorganic waste into different trash bins. In addition, inorganic waste can also be separated again based on its type, such as plastic, paper, glass, and metal. Facilitates the process of collecting and processing waste for recycling. The Principles of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) recommend the use of waste sorting methods. The daily habits that we do to maintain personal and environmental cleanliness consist of this behavior. . Along with the emergence of various diseases that often attack children aged 6-12 years, PHBS in schools is a collection of behaviors carried out by students, teachers, and school residents based on learning so that they are able to independently prevent disease, improve their health. Implementation of better waste sorting practices can reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment, increase the efficiency of waste management, and provide long-term benefits for school residents. Schools are one of the places that have great potential to educate students about good waste management. SD Negeri 2 Kelusa has problems related to the lack of student knowledge about waste sorting and utilization, especially organic waste. Most students at SD Negeri 2 Kelusa still have limited understanding of the types of waste and how to process it. Most students do not realize and understand that organic waste can be reused, so they tend to throw it away with other waste.

This study aims to enhance the environmental awareness of orphanage children in Banjarmasin by educating them on the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis and its crucial role in sustaining life. Through interactive and participatory learning sessions, the program sought not only to impart scientific knowledge but also to foster a sense of environmental responsibility and stewardship. The research employed a qualitative approach, involving observation, interviews, and pre- and post-learning assessments to measure changes in understanding and attitude. Findings indicated a significant improvement in both the children’s comprehension of photosynthesis and their awareness of environmental issues. This suggests that targeted educational interventions can effectively bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and environmental consciousness among young learners in under-resourced communities.

Pancasila learning at the elementary school level has a strategic role in forming the ethical and moral foundations of the younger generation from an early age. This article aims to analyze the influence of Pancasila learning on the formation of ethical and moral character of elementary school students with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and documentation studies in several elementary schools in urban and rural areas. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila learning that is implemented consistently and contextually can foster an attitude of tolerance, responsibility, mutual cooperation, and a sense of love for the homeland in students. Pancasila values ​​conveyed through a thematic approach and based on real experiences have proven to be more effective in forming positive student behavior in the school environment and at home. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of teacher understanding of effective learning methods and low support from the environment outside of school. Therefore, there needs to be continuous teacher training and synergy between schools, families, and communities so that Pancasila learning can function optimally in forming children's character. In conclusion, Pancasila learning has a significant influence on the formation of ethics and morals of elementary school students, but the success of its implementation is highly dependent on the method, consistency, and support from various parties. This article is expected to be a reference for educators and policy makers in designing a more adaptive and applicable value curriculum.

Reading interest among elementary school children is a fundamental foundation for literacy development and long-term academic success. However, the reading interest of elementary students in Indonesia remains low due to limited engaging reading materials and an unsupportive literacy environment. This study aims to analyze the role of various types of reading materials, such as fairy tales, children’s storybooks, and literate textbooks, in enhancing the reading interest of elementary students. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, collecting data through literature review, observation, and document analysis to depict effective practices in literacy learning. The results show that fairy tales serve as an initial gateway to literacy by building a positive emotional connection to reading, while children’s storybooks strengthen independent reading habits through appealing illustrations and engaging plots. Literate and contextual textbooks broaden literacy scope by integrating everyday experiences. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting reading materials suited to children’s psychological characteristics and the active role of teachers and parents in creating a joyful reading environment. This study provides strategic input for educators and policymakers to improve literacy at the elementary school level.

Assertive is a form of learning that forms the identity of an individual. Assertive ability can also bring up communication skills that can assist individuals in carrying out their social demands. Assertive behavior is important for children to have to prevent sexual violence, bullying and communication difficulties in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pop up books in increasing assertiveness in children. The method used in this study is an experimental research method which uses a pre-test post-test control group design. Data collection was carried out through observation with the checklist recording technique. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The subjects in this study were class II children of SD Negeri Padang Lua for the 2022/2023 academic year, aged 8-9 years. Based on the results of the pre-post test analysis, there was a significant difference in the form of an increase in assertive behavior in the experimental group. This proves that the use of pop up books is effective in increasing assertiveness in children. It is hoped that future researchers will implement this research in a more conducive environment and with a longer intervention time.

Early childhood education plays an important role in the formation of children's personality and development. This study aims to identify the application of transformational leadership in Early Childhood Education institutions to welcome 21st century education. The important key in creating an innovative, adaptive and creative learning environment lies in the transformational leadership style so as to increase children's potential to the fullest. The method used in this research is a literature review, by analyzing various relevant literature sources to assess the impact and importance of transformational leadership in the world of early childhood education. Transformational leadership has enormous potential, so the results of this study can help realize a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also socially and emotionally developed, in accordance with the demands of an ever-evolving world.