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This article presents a literature review on the role of digital technology in business and its disruptive impact on companies. We analyze how digital technology drives business transformation, enhances operational efficiency, and fosters innovation in products and services. However, the use of digital technology also brings disruptive effects, compelling companies to adapt to changes in business models and increased competition. This article provides valuable insights for business practitioners and decision-makers on how to effectively manage the impact of digital technology.  

Management transformation in the shipping industry has become increasingly important with the advancement of information technology. This research aims to analyze the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry. Through a literature review approach, this study explores the use of information technology in enhancing operational efficiency, facilitating faster decision-making, and improving company competitiveness. The main findings indicate that information technology has been a key driver in management transformation, with the adoption of integrated logistics management systems and real-time ship monitoring. However, challenges such as infrastructure complexity, data security issues, and resource constraints are also identified in the implementation of information technology. Effective mitigation strategies are needed to address these challenges. This study also highlights the importance of collaboration and partnerships in the transformation of the shipping industry. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry, while highlighting the challenges faced and their practical implications.

In the midst of the rapid flow of globalization, there is one sector that continues to follow the flow, namely the economic sector. Economic development that expands into a global scale is directly under the development of digital technology which directly impacts changes in business implementation, the company's ability to improve the quality of performance, and encourage company performance in innovating in business, the method used by the author is descriptive with qualitative techniques.

This study explores the concepts of salvation and forgiveness in Christian theology, with a focus on contemporary implications and challenges in the digital age. Through theological analysis, the concept of salvation is understood as God's gift that changes character, while forgiveness becomes a call to practice love in social interactions. Contemporary challenges, including relevance in the digital age and the impact of controversial content, are driving the adaptation of these values. Believers are expected to be agents of change in building an inclusive and tolerant society. Implications for everyday life include character transformation and the role of believers in overcoming digital conflicts. In conclusion, the concepts of salvation and forgiveness are not only a theological basis, but also a source of inspiration for forming positive behavior in the dynamics of the contemporary world.

The diversity in societal exercise preferences has increased significantly, with fitness emerging as a favored modern activity, particularly in urban areas of Indonesia. Fitness is valued for its effectiveness in restoring body fitness and achieving ideal body shapes swiftly. However, in the era of Industry 4.0, technological advancements have revolutionized the approach to fitness. Smartphone fitness applications have replaced the role of personal trainers by providing tailored exercise and dietary programs. User Interface (UI) plays a pivotal role in fitness applications, influencing User Experience (UX). The challenge lies in designing UI to accommodate user heterogeneity, both internally and externally. Adaptive UI emerges as a solution, capable of altering layout and content according to user characteristics. Kernwerk® Functional Fitness exemplifies a fitness application utilizing AI to optimize fitness routines. To enhance Kernwerk's UI adaptability, UX evaluation is conducted using UEQ+ modular extension, a comprehensive instrument for effectively and efficiently measuring user experience. Through this evaluation, components of UI and UX requiring further development to enhance Kernwerk's adaptability can be identified.

This article examines transformational leadership in family-owned businesses, with a focus on balancing the preservation of traditional values and driving innovation. By conducting interviews with family business leaders and analyzing their leadership approaches, the study identifies key strategies for managing generational transitions, incorporating modern practices, and fostering organizational culture. Findings highlight that transformational leadership ensures long-term success by integrating the strengths of tradition with the opportunities of innovation.

This article explores the challenges of developing effective cybercrime legislation in the era of rapid digital transformation. By analyzing current laws across various jurisdictions, the study identifies gaps in legal frameworks that cybercriminals exploit, such as issues related to jurisdiction, anonymity, and cross-border crime. Findings indicate that, while several nations have made strides in strengthening cybercrime laws, a cohesive international approach and consistent policy updates are essential to keep pace with the evolving nature of cyber threats. The paper advocates for enhanced international collaboration, cross-border enforcement mechanisms, and adaptable legal frameworks that can respond to future digital transformations.

This paper explores the impact of digital transformation on the economic growth of developing countries. It examines how the adoption of digital technologies such as ecommerce, mobile banking, and digital education can improve productivity, create new markets, and foster inclusive growth. Through a comparative analysis of case studies from various regions, the study highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by developing economies in leveraging digital tools for sustainable development.  

The advent of digital technologies has reshaped economies worldwide, especially in emerging markets. This paper explores how digital transformation accelerates economic development by enhancing business operations, improving financial inclusion, and fostering innovation. Through case studies and data analysis, the research highlights the critical role of digital infrastructure, e-commerce, and the fintech industry in driving economic growth in developing countries. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges faced, such as digital inequality and regulatory barriers, and offers recommendations for policymakers to harness the full potential of digitalization for sustainable development.

The law of kamma is a core Buddhist doctrine explaining moral causality grounded in intentional action (cetana). Amid contemporary moral challenges dishonesty, aggression, low self-control, and weakened character education Buddhist moral education requires an internal basis that is both ethically clear and psychologically workable. This article examines how understanding kamma functions as a conceptual foundation for moral transformation, self-regulation, and behavioral improvement in Buddhist character education. Using a qualitative literature review, the study synthesizes canonical teachings and peer‑reviewed research in Buddhist ethics and moral psychology. Findings indicate that a non‑fatalistic understanding of kamma strengthens moral awareness, personal responsibility, reflective judgment, shame and moral dread (hiri–ottappa), and sustained self‑control. Integrating kamma within character education supports disciplined conduct (sīla), mindfulness‑based self‑management, and prosocial behavior that remains stable across contexts.

This study critically examines the semantic and symbolic depth of khanti (patience or forbearance) as expressed in Dhammapada verse 184: “Forbearance is the supreme ascetic practice (khanti parama tapo titikkhā), Nibbāna is supreme.” Through a qualitative hermeneutic approach that integrates classical semantics, modern linguistics, and Gadamerian interpretation, khanti is reinterpreted not merely as passive tolerance, but as an active moral and spiritual strategy within Buddhist ethical thought. The findings show that khanti functions as a multi-layered sign linguistically rich, symbolically resonant, and culturally embedded supporting inner transformation and ethical agency. In the Indonesian Buddhist context, khanti is reframed as a pedagogical and communicative tool for cultivating resilience, conflict resolution, and ethical leadership. This research contributes to interdisciplinary discourse on moral education and religious communication by emphasizing the strategic potential of Buddhist ethical concepts in contemporary society.

This research is motivated by several problems, including the low effectiveness of employee work at the University of Struggle Tasikmalaya, this is thought to be caused by the suboptimal implementation of SOPs carried out by the university so that employee work results are not in accordance with the provisions set. In addition, the quality of work life is less supportive so that there are still employees who have not been able to complete a job according to the time that has been set. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of standard operating procedures and quality of work life on work effectiveness at the University of Struggle, Tasikmalaya City. This study used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The respondents in this study were 132 employees at the University of Struggle Tasikmalaya, so the author took samples using the simple random sampling technique so that the number of samples in this study was 57 people. Analysis was carried out on data collected from observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis stage began with validity tests, reliability, transformation of ordinal values ​​to intervals, and data analysis in a verifiable/quantitative manner. The results of the study indicate that: 1) Standard operating procedures have an effect on work effectiveness at the University of Struggle Tasikmalaya. This means that the better the implementation of standard operating procedures for all employees in the University of Struggle environment, the more effective the employees' work will be. 2) Quality of work life has an effect on work effectiveness at the University of Struggle Tasikmalaya. This means that the better the quality of work life at the University of Struggle, the more effective the work will be. 3) Standard operating procedures and quality of work life on work effectiveness at the University of Struggle, Tasikmalaya City. This means that the better the implementation of standard operating procedures and the better the quality of work life at the University of Struggle, the more effective the work will be.

The digital transformation within the public sector has shifted from an optional advancement to a primary parameter for local government success in managing dynamic metropolitan areas. This research examines the acceleration of Smart Governance in Surabaya through the implementation of the mandatory non-cash parking policy on public roads. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, the study explores how this transition redefine the relationship between the government, parking attendants, and citizens. Findings indicate that the policy effectively minimizes budget leakage and enhances fiscal transparency. The integration of digital payment systems has transformed traditional parking management into a data-driven service, fostering public trust through accountable financial tracking. Furthermore, the shift from cash to digital transactions has successfully professionalized the role of parking attendants within the urban ecosystem. However, success relies heavily on consistent infrastructure readiness and public literacy. The study concludes that Surabaya's non-cash parking model serves as a vital instrument for strengthening Regional Original Revenue (PAD) while modernizing urban governance. These implications suggest that digital integration is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in bureaucratic culture. This model provides a strategic framework for other Indonesian metropolitan cities aiming to implement similar digital-based public service innovations and sustainable smart city governance.

The aim of this research is to determine the role of educational technology in changing the landscape of Indonesian language education in the digital era. The methodology used includes a literature review to identify recent developments in the use of educational technology in language teaching. The results of this research show that educational technology has contributed significantly to improving the quality and efficiency of learning, facilitating distance learning through platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet, and encouraging innovation in educational strategies. This study shows that the role of educational technology does not only focus on technical aspects, but also influences the learning paradigm by changing the perspective on the role of teachers and students. However, the use of educational technology also presents challenges, including accessibility and socio- psychological impacts on students. Therefore, sophisticated strategies are needed to effectively incorporate educational technology into the language teaching curriculum. This study provides insight into how educational technology influences the transformation of Indonesian language education in the digital era. The methods and results of this research provide a better understanding of the complex role of educational technology in shaping education that is more adaptive and relevant to current developments.

Education is a conscious effort that is held to explore and develop human capabilities so that a transformation occurs, both in terms of knowledge, behavior, or norms that have been set. Islamic education is different from other education because its size does not only look good or bad. Islamic education must be based on the Koran, which in Islam functions as the main source of law. In addition, Islamic education must also be based on the hadith. The final achievement is that humans have skills in aspects of education that are in harmony with these two main sources of law. So, the final goal is not just to change behavior, or thinking power, but everything must be in tune with the guidance of the Koran and Hadith. Educational and teaching activities can achieve success if supported by good components. Among the main components is the method. That is the way that must be taken by a teacher in educating his soul so as to achieve goals that are in line with the guidance of the Qur'an and Sunnah. The use of appropriate methods will largely determine the outcome of the education and teaching process. Thus, educators must be skilled at choosing and using methods to match the material and teaching material. Not to forget, as educators need to pay attention to several principles in the use of methos,so that teaching methods will lead to successful teaching    

This community activity program is aimed at CLSU Philippines students, so that they will have an understanding of the principles of Islamic finance. Students were chosen because it is hoped that in the future they will be able to become pillars in the transformation of Islamic financial principles to the wider community. This activity was carried out directly at the Central Luzon State University Campus. The team conducted the activity from July 4 to 7, 2023. This activity went well, because it received positive support from the stakeholders involved, besides that the students involved also had high enthusiasm for the implementation of the program that we did.

The model of Jesus' transformative dialogue in the Gospel of John 1-4, describes the interaction of Jesus Christ conducting evangelism consistently through dialogues in John 1-4 with various figures in different contexts that lead to changes in understanding and spiritual transformation both individually and in the groups He faces. This study aims to identify and analyze the model of transformational dialogue carried out by Jesus Christ in John 1-4 to achieve the transformative goal of building relationships that enable the growth of faith among His listeners and bring people to faith in Him. The research method uses qualitative descriptive and exploratory text analysis with a hermeneutical approach to understand the cultural and theological contexts that underlie each effective missiological dialogue. This study analyzes six dialogues in John 1-4, involving Jesus Christ in conversation with four different groups of people. Dialogues as a means of communication to bring about change and deeper understanding of spiritual truth. The results of this study illustrate that Jesus Christ uses various dialogical strategies to convey the gospel message effectively to people from diverse social backgrounds to build relationships that enable the growth of faith. The transformational dialogue model of Jesus Christ in John 1-4, demonstrates wise and open dialogue in the context of evangelism and provides valuable teaching and guidance for modern evangelism practice and emphasizes the need for adaptation to the individual's social context to achieve maximum effectiveness in bringing people to Christ.

The execution of the rehabilitation of military prisoners is carried out through a communicative and accommodating approach, involving direct interaction between officers and military prisoners via counseling or interviews. This aims to listen, accept, discover, regulate emotions, strengthen spirituality, and resolve personal and official issues while fostering dedication, sincerity, responsibility, and loyalty within the Indonesian National Armed Forces environment. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the existing challenges in implementing military prisoner development that need to be addressed and overcome. In this study, the author applied qualitative research employing a descriptive approach to systematically, factually, and promptly gather data in line with the research’s context. The findings of this study demonstrated that the success of rehabilitating military prisoners in military correctional institutions is not solely within the responsibility of the Center for Military Correctional Institutions and the Military Correctional Institution itself. It is also affected by external factors, including the attention and moral support offered by the unit commander from the origin place of the military prisoners. This influence aims to facilitate military prisoners’ transformation into soldiers embodying Sapta Marga values, ensuring their readiness for forthcoming unit responsibilities.

This paper explores the relationship between digital transformation and entrepreneurial innovation within emerging economies. As the world becomes increasingly digitized, entrepreneurs are leveraging new technologies to innovate and create disruptive solutions. The study examines how digital tools, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing, are being utilized by entrepreneurs to enhance productivity, streamline operations, and develop new business models. The research highlights key success factors, challenges, and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs in emerging markets and provides recommendations for integrating digital transformation into entrepreneurial strategies.

This study investigates the role of strategic leadership in influencing organizational performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across Asia. The research identifies leadership styles that contribute to enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of SMEs. A quantitative approach was employed to analyze data from SMEs in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The results suggest that transformational leadership, strategic decision-making, and a focus on employee development are key determinants of performance. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for leaders of SMEs in developing countries and offers policy recommendations to foster SME growth.