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The advent of Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the landscape of leadership, emphasizing the critical role of digital leadership in navigating technological advancements and organizational transformations. This comprehensive literature review explores the evolving concept of digital leadership within the context of Industry 4.0, aiming to synthesize current research findings, identify emerging trends, and highlight best practices. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed articles, books, and conference papers from the last decade, this study examines the key attributes, strategies, and impacts of digital leadership on organizational performance and innovation. The review reveals that effective digital leaders exhibit a combination of technological proficiency, visionary thinking, and adaptive management skills. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of fostering a digital culture, promoting continuous learning, and leveraging data-driven decision-making to drive organizational success. By providing a holistic understanding of digital leadership, this study offers valuable insights for academics and practitioners seeking to enhance leadership effectiveness in the digital age. The findings underscore the necessity for organizations to invest in leadership development programs that align with the demands of Industry 4.0, ensuring leaders are equipped to lead in a rapidly changing technological environment.

The clinic's process for requesting a consultation with a doctor and receiving a queue number is inefficient. To help patients make the most of their time at the clinic, it is helpful to provide them with information on when physicians will be available to see them. A new approach to health development governance is required under Regulation No. 21 of 2020 of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Health, which addresses the Ministry's Strategic Plan for 2020–2024. This plan encompasses health information systems, research integration, and development, among other areas. First, Health Technology Transformation, which includes developing and integrating health data; second, Health Service Application Integration and Development; and third, Health Technology Ecosystem Development, will house the primary activities involved in health technology transformation. This study's findings suggest that consumers are mostly interested in finding hospitals in close proximity to their homes, rather than using the doctor's appointment component of the KlikDokter app. Because of this, KlikDokter has to implement a change movement that can increase the number of health facilities that operate with Klik Doctor, allowing it to reach the closest health facility. It also has to link insurance and BPJS so that health facilities may provide transaction features.

The COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022, which is spreading around the world, has resulted in a transformation in consumer behavior in Indonesia. This transformation includes public awareness of the importance of implementing a healthy lifestyle in choosing foods and drinks that are rich in nutrients to increase endurance. One of the healthy beverage foods that is currently popular is Cimory Yogurt Squeeze. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of taste, packaging design, brand association, and healthy lifestyle on purchasing decisions for Cimory Yogurt Squeeze in the Kebumen community. This study used a non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique conducted on 100 respondents. The data collection technique in this study was to use a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS application. The results showed that taste has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, packaging design has an effect on purchasing decisions, brand association has an effect on purchasing decisions, and healthy lifestyle has an effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, taste, packaging design, brand association, and healthy lifestyle have a significant effect on purchasing decisions for Cimory Yogurt Squeeze.  

Ethnomathematics contributes greatly to the improvement of mathematics learning, because it relates to students' experiences in everyday life that touches the realm of local cultural arts so that students become more understanding of the mathematical concepts explained. This study aims to explore the concept of mathematics in the traditional game of congklak in Srengseng Sawah Village. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation. The instruments in this study were researchers, observation guidelines, interview guidelines and documentation. Based on the research analysis and discussion of the history and philosophy of the traditional game of congklak, mathematical concepts in the game of congklak such as the concept of flat shapes, namely semicircles, circles, rectangles and spatial shapes, namely half a ball; the concept of transformation in this case reflection / mirroring; the concept of arithmetic calculation operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The game also has cultural and philosophical values.

Grha Kedoya Hospital in West Jakarta faces significant challenges in document management, including medical records, financial reports, and administrative documents. This study aims to analyze the document storage system in the Secretariat Unit of Grha Kedoya Hospital using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method. The results show that the security, functional, and non-functional aspects of the document storage system are rated very well by respondents, with average scores of 80.4%, 81.4%, and 76.4% respectively. Despite challenges in transitioning to a digital system such as staff adaptation and infrastructure investment, the majority of respondents support this change to enhance efficiency and security. The UAT method proves effective in identifying the system's strengths and weaknesses, providing constructive feedback for improvement.

In the digital era that continues to develop, digitalization is a crucial aspect for business transformation in various sectors, including the coffee shop industry. This study investigates the influence of digitalization on the coffeeshop business by taking a case study at AADK Malang. This research identifies the challenges and incentives faced by AADK in adopting digital technology, as well as its impact on an inclusive business environment. Through bibliometric analysis and case studies, it was found that digitalization provides significant benefits in the form of increased operational efficiency and expanded customer reach, but also raises challenges such as initial investment costs, data security and system integration. The results of this research are that the challenges faced in implementing digitalization include significant initial investment costs, system integration difficulties, employee training, data security, and changes in organizational culture. However, the drive to adopt inclusive business models through digitalization is also strong, including increased accessibility, better customer engagement, operational process optimization and market expansion    

The COVID-19 pandemic is a reality that impacts and impacts people's lives. This is a complex and urgent situation that needs to be addressed. Even though the global health crisis has been declared over, this pandemic situation is not truly over. To answer this, a response from religious communities is needed, and the response is dialogue. The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of dialogue between religious communities in a pandemic situation. Therefore, the author uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. The author considers dialogue between religious communities to be important in this pandemic problem. The country has a model of reciprocity, mutual transformation and acceptance, as well as an awareness of global responsibility in interfaith dialogue. That is why dialogue plays an important role in motivating people to think and act for good in a pandemic situation.

Digital transformation has become a major factor in accelerating growth and innovation in startups. This study aims to provide an overview of the evolution of digital transformation studies in startups globally, as well as propose future research directions to strengthen studies related to digital transformation in resilient startups. The method used was a systematic literature review with a bibliometric analysis and content analysis approach. The research protocol involved 29 articles collected from the Scopus database through a search using Publish or Perish, with the help of Excel and Mendeley for quantitative analysis of the sample and bibliographic management. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using Biblioshiny R Studio and VOSviewer software. Research on digital transformation (DT) in Start-up increased significantly from 2017 to 2024, with the highest number of publications reached in 2023. Through bibliometric analysis and science mapping, four main focuses of research were found, namely innovation, digital business models, digital technology, and digital transformation. In addition, the research also identified five key future trends in DT studies on startups, namely digital business innovation, sustainability, technology adoption, social innovation, and digital entrepreneurship.

Digital transformation has emerged as a key catalyst for driving changes across various global economic sectors. This study aims to review relevant literature on the role of digital transformation in fostering economic growth. Utilizing a literature review approach, the study analyzes the contributions of digital technologies to productivity, innovation, economic inequality, and sustainability. Findings reveal that digitalization significantly enhances productivity through innovation and operational efficiency, yet it may exacerbate the digital divide, particularly in developing nations facing infrastructure and digital literacy challenges. Furthermore, digital technologies hold potential to promote economic sustainability by optimizing supply chains and reducing carbon emissions, although challenges such as the environmental impact of digital devices persist. This study identifies gaps in the literature as a basis for future research, including the role of government policies in supporting inclusive digital growth and sector-specific analyses of digital transformation impacts. Managerial implications highlight the importance of leadership diversity and integrating sustainability strategies into digital transformation initiatives..

Digital transformation has emerged as a key driver of efficiency and transparency in various sectors, including taxation. This study explores the role of digital transformation in improving tax compliance, focusing on developing economies. Through a case study approach, the research investigates how digital tools and platforms enhance tax administration, reduce compliance costs, and improve taxpayer engagement. The study identifies key challenges, including technological infrastructure gaps and digital literacy, while highlighting successful implementations that have boosted voluntary tax compliance. The findings underscore the potential of digital transformation as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth in developing economies by broadening the tax base and reducing tax evasion. Policy recommendations for optimizing digital transformation initiatives in tax systems are also provided.  

This research aims to optimize multimodal gender literacy skills through an innovative approach in digital learning transformation. This research was conducted in high schools involving students from various gender backgrounds. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through multimodal literacy skills tests, classroom observations, and interviews with students and teachers. The results of the study show that innovative approaches in digital learning transformation significantly improve students' multimodal literacy skills. In addition, this approach also helps reduce the gender gap in multimodal literacy, by providing equal opportunities for male and female students to thrive. From the results of the study obtained from women's data, 65% of female respondents showed a high preference for activities involving text and images, while 70% of male respondents preferred activities involving audio and video. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that using an innovative approach can optimize multimodal gender literacy skills.

Digital transformation in the public transportation sector is part of the national development priority agenda aimed at improving service quality and operational efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of cashless payment-based digital transformation in public transportation policy on the Suroboyo Bus in Surabaya, analyze service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors for implementation, and evaluate the success and shortcomings of the policy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The results show that the implementation of cashless payment on the Suroboyo Bus has been running well since 2018, with four main payment methods: QRIS, e-money cards, plastic waste contributions, and the Child Identity Card (KIA). QRIS has become the dominant payment method with a 48% share in 2025. Service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions shows good results in the aspects of tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness, but still requires improvement in the dimensions of assurance and empathy. Supporting factors for implementation include government commitment, the availability of regulations (Perwali No. 22 of 2023)., adequate infrastructure, and support from digital payment service providers. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy, internet network disruptions, limited economic access, and lack of socialization. The success of the policy is reflected in increased operational efficiency, financial transparency, and a rise in the number of users from 1.2 million (2019). to 3.5 million (2025). Shortcomings of the policy include the digital gap for vulnerable groups, dependence on internet networks, and a decrease in participation in the plastic waste payment program from 25% (2023). to 12% (2025).

MSMEs have an important role in the village economy. They create jobs, contribute to infrastructure development and increase employment income. MSMEs are also able to take advantage of local potential, such as natural resources and cultural wisdom, to develop products that are relevant to the needs of the local community. MSMEs play a role in distributing development results. Digital transformation is a global phenomenon that refers to a massive shift from analog to digital systems and processes. This is a fundamental change spurred by the rapid development of information and communication technology. Bulak Village is a village located in Kendal Regency, Central Java. This village has the potential of MSMEs that can be developed through the sustainability of the digital era. However, many Bulak residents still do not understand how to use technology as a facilitator of their business. It is necessary to socialize about digital transformation for MSMEs owner in Bulak village so that MSMEs become wider in marketing their products. The Method are The method used in this socialization activity is an offline seminar method involving various elements Starting from academics, thematic village activists, MSMEs actors in the village and the community common. The seminar participants who attended were very enthusiastic in listening to the material presented by the speakers. After delivering the material, some participantsgave questions that were still confused regarding the use of digital platforms to the speakers. This activity was held by a team of students from Walisogo State University's real work lecture.  

This study investigates the influence of digital transformation on the growth and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. Using a mixed-method approach, the research explores how digital tools improve operational efficiency, market access, and customer engagement. Findings highlight that while digital adoption increases profitability, challenges such as technological gaps and regulatory barriers persist. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and business owners to enhance digital readiness.

The rapid pace of digital transformation presents both challenges and opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. This paper explores how SMEs are adapting to digital change, highlighting the main barriers and enabling factors affecting their growth. Through qualitative interviews with SME owners across Indonesia, the study uncovers key themes around technological adoption, financial investment, and skill gaps. The findings suggest that while digital adoption can enhance competitiveness and efficiency, SMEs require support in terms of digital literacy and funding access. Policy recommendations include enhancing government support, providing digital training programs, and offering incentives for digital investments.

Teacher 4.0 is a concept of future educators created to explain the characteristics of educators who can handle various technologies with effective teaching in parallel with the transformation of Education 4.0. Readiness and acceptance of the use of various smart technologies, better known as Technology 4.0 experienced a large-scale shift in the national education system, especially in teaching and learning methods. This includes all levels from primer to higher education institutions. The transformation of 4.0 requires improvement in teachers' competency to enhance teaching and to ensure it is in line with the country’s objective in producing highly competitive, innovative educators and students in the era of 4.0. The need for a measurement tool is important due to the lack of research conducted to test the competence of Teacher 4.0. Thus, this study was conducted to measure the competence of Teacher 4.0 by creating a new instrument adapted from the DigCompEdu model. Appropriate constructs were validated and hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM approach to evaluate the contribution of each construct towards Teacher 4.0 competency. The sample used in this study involves 274 among MARA teachers’ pre-university institutions across Malaysia. A total of three formative constructs were identified, namely teaching and learning, assessment and facilitating students' Technology 4.0 competence. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents using purposive sampling and the data obtained was analyzed using SEM-PLS software. The results of the analysis show that all constructs have passed sufficient convergent validity. Hypothesis verification analysis shows that all constructs have a positive contribution towards Teacher 4.0 competency. Overall, this study has created a new measurement instrument that can measure the competence of Teacher 4.0 and improvised the DigCompEdu model. Findings can be a reflection indicator for teachers to improve teaching methods and strategies in addition to developing existing competencies. The problems arising from this study can be indicators for educational institutions to ensure that the facilities and infrastructure required for Technology 4.0 can be expanded in line with their needs as an educational support tool.

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in e-commerce is revolutionizing the business landscape. This study explores the rise of AI-powered e-commerce and its impact on business models, strategies, and market dynamics in 2024. Through a multiple case study approach, focusing on leading e-commerce companies such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Shopee, the research reveals that AI is fundamentally transforming the way businesses operate in the digital economy. AI enables enhanced personalization, operational efficiency, and improved customer experiences, driving the emergence of new business models and competitive advantages. However, the adoption of AI also creates significant challenges, including implications for the workforce, ethical concerns surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias, and potential impacts on market dynamics and competition. The study highlights the need for a strategic and ethical approach to AI adoption, collaboration among stakeholders, and adaptive regulatory frameworks. It concludes with recommendations for businesses, policymakers, and future research to navigate the transformative impact of AI in e-commerce. The findings contribute to the literature on digital transformation and disruptive innovation, offering valuable insights for managers, practitioners, and researchers.

Concern for sustainable development, but human rights are considered the most important issues that concern the world, and our dear country has witnessed many transformations in all fields and at different levels in the country, especially those that have a large majority in human rights, and we all know that Iraq has witnessed many challenges. After the events of 2003 until now, because the human being is the subject of the right and the rights, and the international community and the international and local organizations all insist on the activation, investigation and development of this right and the human rights.   Where we have not seen any mechanism of operational and investigative mechanisms, I must focus on the effects of the activation and non-activation of this right, and from this point of view, pay attention to the statement of what is meant by sustainable development and developments, and do not forget the role of the United Nations in promoting the cycle of sustainable development, with the basic statement Legal and comprehensive human rights, stating the position of the Iraqi legislator for the year 2005.

Women's leadership at the village level is increasingly a concern, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, where patriarchal cultures often limit women's roles. This study aims to analyze the roles and challenges of women in village leadership in Gunung Raya District, Kerinci Regency. The theories used include gender equality theory, feminism, transformational leadership, and dual role theory. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that women village heads have a significant role in decision-making and community empowerment, but they are faced with the challenges of patriarchal culture, resistance from the apparatus, and the pressure of dual roles. In conclusion, despite the challenges, women village heads are able to overcome these barriers with inclusive leadership strategies and increased social capital, strengthening their capacity as effective leaders. Support from the government and the community is urgently needed to encourage women's involvement in local politics.

This study aims to examine the effect of synergy between the application of digital technology and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of MSMEs coffee shop in Bojonegoro. The results of the analysis showed that the combination of these two variables significantly improved business performance, exceeding the individual impact of each variable. These findings underline the importance of a holistic approach in the development of MSMEs in the digital age, which combines technological innovation with. entrepreneurial spirit. The use of technology such as online ordering applications, inventory systems, and data analysis allows coffee shop SMEs to operate more efficiently, save time and costs, and reduce errors. This research provides important implications for the government and related stakeholders to design policies that support the adoption of digital technology by MSMEs such as technology service providers, business consultants, and the entrepreneur community can accelerate the digital transformation process. as well as a more targeted entrepreneurial capacity building program.