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This journal reviews the implementation of national values based on the 1945 Constitution in facing regulatory challenges and problems in the Indonesian oil and gas industry. This research explores how the national values reflected in the 1945 Constitution can be applied in the complex context of the oil and gas industry. The analysis results show that the Indonesian oil and gas industry is faced with various challenges, including complex regulations and suboptimal governance issues. However, implementing national values in oil and gas industry regulations can strengthen the country's energy sovereignty. Steps to increase the implementation of these values include improving regulations that are oriented towards national interests, increasing transparent governance, and a commitment to protecting the environment and surrounding communities. This journal highlights the importance of cooperation between government, industry and society in achieving these goals. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of national values in the Indonesian oil and gas industry is faced with several challenges, such as complex regulations, suboptimal governance, and environmental and social issues that must be addressed. To overcome these challenges, efforts are needed to strengthen the implementation of national values in oil and gas industry regulations, such as improving regulations that are more oriented towards national interests, increasing transparent and accountable governance, and strengthening commitment to efforts to protect the environment and surrounding communities.

This article discusses strategies for handling money politics in legislative general elections using the Pancasila Democracy approach as a foundation for general elections with integrity. By referring to the principles of Pancasila which emphasize social justice, people's sovereignty,unity and balance between rights and obligations, this article identifies concrete steps that can be taken to overcome the practice of money politics which undermines democracy. Writing is carried out using normative juridical methods, namely research on secondary data or library materials. To realize elections with integrity, primary legal materials will guide the writing of strategies for handling political money in legislative elections based on Pancasila democracy. These steps include law enforcement, political education, financial transparency, independent oversight, active participation, public disclosure of the campaign, and use of technology. By implementing these strategies holistically and based on Pancasila values, it is hoped that Indonesia can overcome the challenges of money politics and strengthen integrity in the legislative election process, as well as build a stronger foundation for a healthy democracy and integrity.

In the constantly advancing era of digitalisation, ensuring cyber security has become essential in preserving the integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility of organisational data. The primary focus of this research is to emphasise the importance of cybersecurity awareness in safeguarding systems and information. The 1945 Constitution serves as the primary governing document for the government and legal system. The 1945 Constitution enacts legislation that ensures freedom of expression, a pertinent principle in cyber security. This research aimed to examine the role of security management in enhancing cyber security by applying principles in accordance with the 1945 Constitution. This research identified the factors affecting cyber security awareness and proposed strategies to enhance user awareness through a comprehensive literature review and examined recent findings. Security management is essential for guaranteeing the security of IT systems and infrastructure. Based on a literature review, this study determined the role of security management in assisting organisations in identifying, managing, and addressing security threats effectively. In addition, the hypothesised findings concluded that advancing cyber security in Indonesia is a fundamental aspect of state sovereignty, as stated in the 1945 Constitution and the principle of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). These findings demonstrated the significance of comprehending cyber security for users and organisations and the necessity of international cooperation in the realm of national security in cyber. By gaining a more comprehensive comprehension of the function of security management, it is anticipated that organisations can enhance security protocols and mitigate security vulnerabilities as they confront the challenges of the present digital age.

Repentance is needed because humans realize that they are sinners. Sinful people must be saved through repentance, without repentance sinful humans cannot be saved. Thus repentance has a strong connection with the salvation of believers. Salvation in the concept of the Old Testament people was to turn around and live in God's law. If they repent and obey, they will be saved, that is, they will be blessed with physical blessings such as victory over war, successful harvests, and being able to perform worship. On the other hand, if they do not repent of their sins, they will be condemned or cursed by God. This understanding of repentance and salvation has been adopted by adherents of prosperity theology. They say that Christians who have had their sins forgiven through repentance will be saved and live abundantly with physical blessings, success and prosperity. For the New Testament people, the goal of repentance and salvation is to achieve physical blessings like the Old Testament people or adherents of prosperity theology. This research tries to research and find the correct understanding of repentance and salvation which has implications for the responsibility of believers to maintain the holiness of their lives every day because humans are the holy image of God on this earth. The aim of this research is to find the true understanding of repentance and salvation in Christianity which has implications for the responsibility of Christians to live without falling into sin again or to live in the morality of God's holy holiness. The research in this paper uses a qualitative approach with the technique of writing a literature review or literature study. The research results show that the understanding of repentance and salvation to achieve the image of God who is in the image and likeness of God has implications for the responsibility of the congregation to achieve the morality of holiness like God. This research also shows that repentance is the renewal of the mind until it has thoughts and feelings like Christ. This research also found that the notion of repentance and salvation only by God's grace alone on the basis of damage to God's image in humans based on God's absolute sovereignty has no implications for the believer's responsibility to strive to live without sin or without blemish. Repentance is completely a gift where humans cannot exercise their free will to choose so that believers are not required to take a proportional responsibility to change their character based on individual decisions in order to live a holy life. Repentance in Christianity is no longer focused on physical blessings but on the restoration of God's image with the responsibility of the believer's holy life

The existence of the Council's Honorary Court as a supporting tool is contained in Article 119 of Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning MD3 in conjunction with Law Number 2 of 2018 concerning MD3 in conjunction with Law Number. 13 of 2019 concerning MD3. That the Council's Honorary Court was established by the DPR with the aim of maintaining and upholding the honor and dignity of the DPR as a representative institution of the people. That the implementation of the Election which is carried out directly is a manifestation of the implementation of democracy which is a manifestation of the sovereignty of the people. In the election, violations of the law were found as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections. That election crimes are a form of violation of the law related to acts of falsification of documents, money politics and there is also intimidation of voters and others. That these actions are alleged violations of election crimes because they are contrary to laws and regulations. That to ensure the existence of an election crime, it must go through a court process with a judge's decision, which must first be processed by the Gakkumdu Center, which is an element of Bawaslu, the National Police, and the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. That if proven to have committed an election crime as stated in the district court decision, the legislative candidate has committed an ethical violation, although this must be processed legally in accordance with the mechanism regulated in the DPR Council's Ethics Court, namely referring to the MD3 Law, Regulation of the People's Representative Council Number. 1 of 2015 concerning the Code of Ethics of the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia and Regulation of the People's Representative Council Number. 2 of 2014 concerning the Procedures of the Council's Ethics Court.    

This article conducts a normative analysis of the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 85/PUU-XX/2022 concerning the establishment of a special electoral court within the framework of legal sovereignty theory. The objective is to scrutinize the decision's compatibility with the principles of legal sovereignty, emphasizing the universal application of law. The normative method is employed, focusing on legal documents, statutes, and constitutional provisions. The study reveals that the decision's implications raise concerns regarding the universal enforcement of law in addressing complex electoral disputes. The absence of a special electoral court challenges the effective resolution of election-related issues. This analysis contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of legal sovereignty in shaping the electoral dispute resolution system

It is very important to instill state defense awareness to all citizens, especially the millennial generation as they are the successors and inheritors of the continuity of the life of the nation and state. This will help defend the country from internal and external threats, both military and non-military. Education is crucial in state defense as it helps the younger generation understand the history, principles and commitment to protect the country's sovereignty. Through education, students can understand the importance of maintaining national unity and integrity and become development actors that benefit the community and the country. The research that will be used in this paper is normative research with a perspective approach through ideology, laws, and phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which formal education in Indonesia contributes to shaping state defense awareness among the younger generation, investigate the factors that influence understanding and awareness of state defense, analyze the implementation of the national education curriculum, provide recommendations for improving the education system. The benefit of this paper is to provide in-depth insight into the role of education in shaping a strong understanding of the concept of state defense among the younger generation.

This journal discusses the concept and implementation of state defense in the context of student life. State defense is an important concept to strengthen and protect the country's sovereignty, as well as build awareness and a sense of national responsibility towards their country. This journal focuses on the conceptual framework of state defense, including the values contained in the concept. Values such as patriotism, loyalty to the country, concern for the environment, and a sense of social responsibility are crucial in building a strong sense of state defense in university students. Furthermore, this journal analyzes how state defense can be implemented in everyday life as a student. The research method used is qualitative description, while the type of research is library research, the activity is carried out by collecting data related to the title which is literature. Through good civic education, active participation in social and political activities, and real contributions to state development. In addition, this journal also discusses how improving integrity as a student is an implementation of state defense and also the reasons why improving integrity and state defense are very important. The author suggests several ways that can be done to improve integrity as a student to realize state defense and citizenship in universities, expand community participation programs, and build awareness of the importance of state defense through mass media and social campaigns. This journal summarizes the importance of state defense in building and protecting state defense, and provides a framework that can be used by educational institutions in implementing the concept of state defense. It is hoped that readers of this journal will gain a better understanding of state defense and the importance of building state defense awareness.

State defense is an effort made by components within a country to defend, uphold and maintain sovereignty and independence both territorially and in the lives of the people within it. Both outwardly and inwardly. Efforts to defend the country are based on a high sense of nationalism and national and state awareness, therefore efforts to defend the country are not only carried out by certain components within a country, but also by all components that have merged into one within a country as concrete evidence. that an individual has truly become part of a country. Students are no exception. This journal will discuss cases related to the essence of efforts to defend the country on a non-military basis carried out by students through efforts to educate the nation's life through normative juridical analysis methods. This method focuses on further literature study through sources published by legal experts so that their knowledge can be justified. In the process of preparing this journal, the author used a normative juridical analysis method. In general, the normative juridical analysis method is a type of research that focuses on further literature studies, whether from journals, articles, or secondary materials such as laws or literature by legal experts that have been published previously and whose scientific knowledge can be justified. The outcomes that the author hopes for readers through this journal are: 1) Creating awareness in efforts to defend the country, 2) Optimizing the role of students as one of the components of defending the country, 3) Inviting readers to become active participants in efforts to defend the country, 4 ) Raising issues related to the intelligent life of the nation and state in accordance with the goals of the Indonesian nation. It is hoped that this article can open and broaden readers' insight regarding awareness of national defense which is not only carried out on a military basis, but can also be carried out on a non-military basis. For example, through actions to educate the nation's life to support the survival of the nation, by creating future generations of the nation who are superior, competitive and able to compete on the world stage.

The management of oil and gas (Migas) in Indonesian energy law has witnessed a shift towards national control, including provisions in the 1945 Constitution that establish natural resources as state wealth. Law No. 22/2001 regulates various technical, economic, environmental, and community participation aspects of the oil and gas sector. Decisions by the Constitutional Court (MK) have clarified the state's ownership of Migas resources in accordance with the constitution. Renewable energy is crucial for Indonesia's sustainable development, with collaboration between the government and the private sector aimed at increasing the penetration of renewable energy, overcoming financial barriers, and protecting the environment. The MK's decision regarding Law No. 22/2001 supports state sovereignty, the interests of the people, and the goals of preserving natural resources and sustainable development. The key issue at hand is the nature of oil and gas management in Indonesian energy law and whether the legal considerations in the Constitutional Court's decision No. 36/PUU-X/2012 align with Indonesian energy law. The research method employed in this study is a normative juridical approach, also referred to as doctrinal research, which involves the examination of legal documents and literature. Through this research, Indonesia aims to fulfill its commitment to reducing environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels through renewable energy sources.

This study aims to determine the implementation of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land in Surakarta City and its obstacles. Research background, that the development of food security and sovereignty needs to be carried out through the provision and establishment of sustainable food agricultural land. But in urban areas, efforts to maintain the existence of agricultural land are quite complicated problems. The high demand for land due to the development of housing, trade, services, industry and others causes a large proportion of the agricultural area to continue to decline every year. The promulgation of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land is expected to reduce the high rate of conversion of rice fields and maintain their ecological functions. This type of research is an empirical legal research. The nature of the research is descriptive because it wants to describe the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land in Surakarta City. The results of the study, that the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Land Sustainable food agriculture in the City of Surakarta was only at the stage of inventorying paddy fields and had not yet arrived at the formation of a Regional Regulation. The reason is that paddy fields in the city of Surakarta are not productive because there is no technical irrigation network available, the majority of the livelihoods of the people of Surakarta are not as farmers, and the high demands of settlement needs as a consequence of the development of urban areas. This is in accordance with the results of identification by the Department of Agriculture, BPN and BAPPEDA that out of 111 hectares of agricultural land listed in the Regional Spatial Planning of Surakarta City No. 1 of 2012, the total area of agricultural land is less than 111 hectares and only 80-90 hectares of land. agriculture that is not cultivated and partly in the form of paddy fields surrounded by housing. The absence of a regional regulation that stipulates the protection of sustainable agricultural land causes in practice there is no clarity regarding protected land, sanctions for violations or incentives that will be accepted by the community if they do not carry out or protect the agricultural land they own.

The military intervention carried out by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the conflict in Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, has raised serious concerns regarding compliance with legal standards and human rights (HAM). The actions of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) which resulted in the deaths of three Papuans raise doubts about respect for individual rights to life and security. In conflict situations, it is important to ensure that human rights, especially the right to life, are respected and protected. For example, in Law no. 34 of 2004 which regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in peaceful conditions, allows the use of weapons only with written permission from superiors and in the context of maintaining security and requested. In the context of this case, the shooting at the Sugapa Community Health Center did not have written permission from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) superiors, which is a serious violation of law. This violation raises questions about the accountability of security forces and the need for law enforcement in cases of gun shooting by members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) outside of emergency situations. The situation in Papua creates ongoing challenges. Armed groups in the region often threaten national security and the safety of security forces. In the face of serious threats to state sovereignty, the government, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) may feel forced to take decisive action. However, these actions must still comply with legal and human rights standards and ensure that human rights and the right to life of individuals are fully respected. This research is normative in nature with a focus on analysis of the legal framework that regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). Normative research methods are used to state consistency and compliance with applicable regulations. Through this approach, the research aims to provide a legal perspective on erasure actions in Papua, as well as asking whether these steps are in accordance with applicable legal and human rights principles. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for recommending improvements to policies and actions that support law enforcement and human rights protection in the context of conflict in Papua

Human rights are basic rights or citizenship that are inherent in individuals from the moment they are born by nature, which are given directly by God Almighty, whose existence cannot be taken away or revoked and must be respected, upheld and protected by the state, law, government and every person. for the sake of honor and protection of human dignity. Indonesia is a country based on law. So the Indonesian state is obliged to provide human rights protection to every citizen. Meanwhile, a legal state is a state based on legal sovereignty. The law is sovereign. The state is a legal subject, in the sense of rechtstaat. Because the state is seen as a legal subject, if it is guilty it can be prosecuted before a court for violating the law.

Land ownership rights are one of the fundamental human rights. However, land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners are specifically regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. These provisions aim to maintain state sovereignty and prevent land control by foreign parties. Based on Indonesian laws and regulations, Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners can only have rights to certain land, namely use rights, rental rights for buildings, ownership rights to apartment units, and ownership rights to residential or residential houses. Ownership rights to land can only be owned by Indonesian citizens. This research aims to examine the regulation of land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners in Indonesian legislation. The law regarding mixed marriages is regulated in Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In essence, mixed marriages allow Indonesian citizens to choose the citizenship they will follow, whether the citizenship of the husband or wife, in line with the provisions of Article 26 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian citizens who undergo mixed marriages have the possibility to create a marriage agreement that allows the separation of property between spouses during the marriage period, while maintaining their citizenship status..    

Currency is a symbol of a country's sovereignty, the Rupiah is currency as well as a legal means of payment for use in economic transactions in Indonesia. Learning to understand the difference between fake and real money and implementing how severe punishments for dealers and users of counterfeit money are carried out effectively will provide a positive change in the future for students. This socialization regarding disclosing the secret of the difference between real and fake money and preventing fake money fraud was highly appreciated regarding this socialization, especially teachers and students, but many students were still confused about differentiating between real and fake money. So that female students do not get caught up in fraud and the distribution of counterfeit money, this socialization hopes that female students from early ages to adults can avoid and be able to distinguish between real and fake money, understand the characteristics of the authenticity of money, and know the penalties related to the laws that apply to its use. and distribution of counterfeit money. The methods for implementing activities in this socialization are lecture, interview, discussion and evaluation methods. The results of the training are an increase in understanding of real money vs fake money, understanding the characteristics, increasing insight regarding applicable legal regulations and being able to use this knowledge better in the present and future.

The establishment of an ADIZ in each country is one step in maintaining the sovereignty of each country. This has been a long debate because there are no regulations outlined in international legal conventions. Until now, ADIZ Indonesia is only limited to the island of Java, so the role of ADIZ has not been effective in protecting air space which is included in the country's sovereignty. This research aims to explain the role of ADIZ as a first step in efforts to maintain state sovereignty from the perspective of international and national law. The normative juridical approach method is an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and statutory regulations. The research results show that Indonesia needs to re-establish ADIZ not only around the island of Java but also covering the entire sovereign territory of the country.

Based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia is a unitary state that has a democratic government system. The democratic system in Indonesia is listed in Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Democracy is a form of state implementation system based on people's sovereignty. Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The State of Indonesia is a unitary state which is divided into several regions, for example provinces, districts, cities and villages. The embodiment of the democratic system in Indonesia, which has many regions, is by way of the people from each region holding general elections to determine a government.

This paper aims to describe the safety of babies in the Perspective of John Calvin and the Implications for Toraja Church members. The diversity of views on the direction of infant safety in the understanding of Church members has encouraged the author to study infant safety in the view of Jhon Calvin because the Toraja Church is a Calvinist sect. There are those who think that a baby who is born and then dies is still safe even though he has not acknowledged God as his savior. It is like a white paper without blemishes. Another understanding says that all babies who are born and then die He is a sinful human because from the womb he has been conceived and begotten in sin, and regarding salvation it is in God's Sovereignty. The research method used in this paper is literature review. The author seeks and collects the writings of John Calvin, especially on death and salvation, then compiles them. According to John Calvin, salvation is a belief based on faith in Christ. In John Calvin's view, the safety of babies is in God's Sovereignty

Being geographically close to Malaysia made them into good political relations; the example was the Import of Oxygen Tanks during pandemic in 2020-2021. Trading is carried out specifically after the Import Agreement which was requested directly by the Governor of West Kalimantan. The Oxygen Import Agreement requires an integrated action between the institutions in order to minimize corruption. The research is elaborated through three main discussions, based on the Border Governing Theory and Sovereignty Concept on a qualitative approach and descriptive method. First, the Legal Basic for Border Management. Second, the Export-Import Process and Sectoral Cooperation through the Oxygen Tank import process. Third, the success of Integration Governance process to reduce the Corruption. The purpose of this study is to see the success in relation to minimizing corruption in the Export of Oxygen Tanks at the Entikong Border.

The border is an important aspect of the state because it determines the area of ​​authority and sovereignty of the state which intersects with the sovereignty of other countries. The border is also a very strategic area for a country, because it involves socio-cultural, economic, political, defense and security aspects. Based on Law No. 43 of 2008 concerning state territory, states that the border area is part of the country's territory which is located on the side along the border of Indonesia's territory with other countries and the border area is in the sub-district. The Law on State Territories also explains that the development of Indonesia's border areas is the responsibility of the state. Development in the field of infrastructure is also a major supporting factor for the main functions of the social system and economic system, such as the availability of health facilities, roads, air transportation, markets and educational facilities which support people's daily lives. With an infrastructure system that supports the community to move dynamically and makes it easier for the community to carry out economic activities, investors can invest in the regions. So that isolated/hard-to-reach areas can be accessed easily.