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This article explores the richness of language styles and speech used in the lyrics of the song "Raksa" by Soegi Bornean. Against the background of the richness of the existing lyrics and the possibilities that exist in linguistic exploration as found in the title of the song "Raksa" which comes from a foreign language, namely Sanskrit, as well as the use of the song lyrics "Budaya nian bersua", and the aim of this research is to reveal The contribution of songs to the development of diction in song lyrics is due to the large number of vocabulary words in Indonesian that are rarely used. As well as the emotional power of using qualitative descriptive analysis methods to study the language style and figures of speech of the Raksa Song, this research will focus on deciphering the stylistic nuances and revealing the mosaic of metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. The research results further highlight the complexity of the rhetorical figures of speech contained in the song "Raksa" such as in the lyrics which read "Where I look for the soul" of the song, providing insight into its poetic resonance. Therefore, the use of language styles and figures of speech has spread to a deeper scale regarding song lyrics, and has enriched the appreciation of Indonesian songwriting.

This research aims to identify the language style used by Gus Iqdam. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. This research data was taken from Gus Iqdam’s lecture video uploaded on the YouTube channel. The techniques used in collecting data are listening techniques, note takin techniques and documentation techniques. The results of this research found that the language style used by Gus Iqdam in his lectures had its own characteristics and uniqueness. This uniqueness can be seen from Gus Iqdam’s choice of words, intonation and the way he relates religious teachings to everyday life. This uniqueness makes Gus Iqdam’s lectures easy for his congregation to remember and understand. The language styles used by Gus Iqdam include parables or similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbola, litotes, antithesis, pleonasm, repetition and inuedo.

Poetry is one of the old literary genres that developed in the archipelago, including in the Malay region of Riau. This study aims to analyze and compare the themes and writing styles contained in Riau Malay poems with Malay poems from other regions. Using a content analysis approach, this study examines a number of Riau Malay poetry and Malay poetry from other regions to explore the themes raised and the writing style used. The results of the study show that Riau Malay poetry and other Malay poetry have similarities in raising certain themes such as advice, heroic stories, and love. However, there are differences in the emphasis on themes and the use of language styles. Riau Malay poetry tends to emphasize more on the aspect of Islamic advice and values, while other Malay poetry explores more themes of love and heroism. In terms of writing style, Riau Malay poems tend to use a simpler and more understandable language, while other Malay poems often use a more poetic and metaphorical language style. This research contributes to enriching the understanding of the richness of the archipelago's old literary treasures, especially Malay poetry, as well as the differences and uniqueness of poems from various regions.

Indonesian has an important position and function for the Indonesian nation in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Indonesian has become the national language since the agreement was stipulated in the Youth Pledge on October 28 1928, functioning as a symbol of pride, a symbol of identity, a means of unification and a means of communication. The position and function of Indonesian in religion, namely as a link between spoken and written languages, was emphasized by the Islamic religious figure "Ustad Hanan Attaki" making Indonesian the main language to be able to integrate various parent languages ​​in different religious contexts, and as a means of integrating and convey religious messages in the diversity of religions in Indonesia. Indonesian is widely used in various religious activities, for example da'wah, as well as religious literature such as translations of the Koran. Indonesian continues to play a dominant role in supporting communication and religious education that is comprehensive and can be accessed by all communities. This shows how Indonesian functions as a cultural and spiritual bridge, strengthening social connections in a multi-religious society. This research aims to analyze the use of Indonesian spoken by Ustad Hanan Attaki in his lectures, what he analyzes is the language style and method of delivery. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive method using data collection techniques that were found to be based on Ustad Hanan Attaki's lectures.  

The poem ‘Bila Kau Tiada’ by Boy Candra is one of the most popular poetry works among readers. This poem raises the theme of loss and sadness experienced by a poet over the departure of a loved one. This article aims to analyse the poem ‘Bila Kau Tiada’ using content and stylistic analysis approaches. The content analysis will concentrate on the theme, meaning, and message conveyed in the poem, whereas the stylistic analysis will examine how the poet employs language to convey meaning and its impact on the reader.    

This study examines the role of speech style in learning English among students. This research is research using a qualitative approach. The population in this study is an X-class student of AT-tawazun Kalijati Subang's MA. Interviews and random sampling techniques are used for sample-taking. The results of the study show that the influence of the student's speaking style in learning English affects the level of English skills of students. Some aspects that affect the student's speech style are the daily activities of the student, such as speaking English in theys spare time. Classes that encourage learning are also effective.

Abstract  This study aims to investigate the use of netizen grammar in the Instagram comment section discussing the 2024 Election issue, with a focus on language style, conversational patterns, and their impact on public opinion and the democratic process. Employing a qualitative approach, data for this research were collected through direct observation of netizen comments on Instagram. When netizens engage in communication about political issues like the 2024 Election, the grammar they use plays a crucial role in shaping how messages are conveyed and received. This study highlights several common grammar mistakes that may occur, such as spelling errors, improper punctuation usage, and the use of impolite language. For instance, the use of "hati2" instead of "hati-hati" and inconsistent capitalization in "Pak" when used in a context of respect. Analyzing these grammar errors not only aids in understanding how netizens communicate online but also demonstrates their potential impact on public opinion. For example, grammar mistakes can diminish the quality of the message conveyed and influence how it is perceived by readers. Through specific examples, such as errors in sentences expressing prayers for a candidate, this study illustrates how grammar mistakes can reduce communication effectiveness and lower the quality of online discussions. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of consistency in using formal language in political contexts. Formal language not only reflects politeness in communication but also strengthens public trust in the messages conveyed. Therefore, by improving understanding and practice of correct grammar, it is hoped that online political discussions can become more productive, meaningful, and constructive. The benefits of this research also extend to identifying grammar errors that can affect perceptions of political figures or issues discussed in the context of the 2024 Election. By gaining a better understanding of the dynamics of political communication on social media, it is also possible to enhance public participation in the democratic process. Overall, this study seeks to provide insights into how netizen grammar in Instagram comment sections can influence interactions and public opinions on sensitive political issues. Thus, this research is relevant not only to academics in linguistics and communication but also to political practitioners and the general public seeking a deeper understanding of social media's role in shaping political perceptions and participation.  

Kinayah is a pronunciation of something, while what is meant is not what is said, even if that meaning is used linguistically. Example: tall stature (because the person is tall), what is meant is not just the linguistic meaning, but more than that, such as high dignity. The Qur'an was revealed in very clear Arabic and literature with very beautiful wording and was easily understood by all audiences, in fact it could beat the language of the poets of that century. Al-Qur'an al-Karim is the greatest Islamic miracle in the following centuries. The language style of the Qur'an is full of essence (original meaning), majaz (non-original meaning), isti'arah (borrowing one word for another word) and kinayah (specific allusion). During the period of ignorance, the Arabs already had a very high style of literary language because they were always trained in arguing, praising and flattering and demeaning someone using language as a medium. This can be seen from the many al-mu'allaqat hanging from the Kaaba as a tribute to poets who were instrumental in producing beautiful literary works in their poetry. On the other hand, Arabic literature at its peak had no value when compared with the Koran, so that the literary language that was famous at that time, such as mua'laqatt, felt bland when compared with the language of the Koran. He can even beat the literary language of his time until now. This is because the advantage of the language of the Koran is that it has a very selective language style in choosing appropriate, beautiful, easy and harmonious vocabulary, so that it can touch the mind and heart so that many people are interested in learning and understanding it. On the other hand, the Koran is a guide to human life because it provides clear instructions for carrying out every daily activity. The Koran includes all the rules that humans need to interact with each other, as well as the rules with the natural environment and especially the rules with the Creator. In a not too long period of time, the beauty of the language of the Koran spread throughout social life. This was acknowledged by famous Arab poets at that time, as explained in the history of Ibn Abbas, that Walid bin Mughirah came to the Prophet and the Prophet read the Koran to him. So Walid's heart softened because of it.      

This research is motivated by the fact that nearly 70% of children who are newly enrolled and start learning at Bunda Kartika Kindergarten in Patumbak, Deli Serdang, have difficulty adjusting to the new learning environment. This stage of learning in kindergarten is their first step into formal education. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 on national standards for early childhood education (PAUD), it sets national standards for PAUD, including aspects of child development that must be met during the learning process. These standards cover various aspects of child adjustment such as socio-emotional, language, cognitive, and motor skills. This research aims to identify the nature of adjustment problems occurring in kindergartens and early childhood education by understanding the aspects of adjustment and the supporting and inhibiting factors for new students in adapting to the new environment. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, where the researcher conducts objective interviews and environmental observations. Data collection techniques include document review, observation, and interviews. The results of the study indicate several issues related to children's adjustment, ranging from psychological factors, prenatal environment, parenting styles, to socialization problems in the school environment. These factors significantly impact early childhood development and require special attention in the context of preschool education.  

This research aims to describe allusions in the news text of the Central Java Tribune as an alternative teaching material in high school. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using the note-taking research method, selecting news texts that used figurative language styles and listening carefully, directed and carefully to primary data sources. Based on the news text, the news text 'Up Again! Complete Fuel Prices Throughout Indonesia Thursday 13 April 2023 Check Central Java Prices' taken from the April 2023 edition of the Central Java Tribune website found the use of metaphor, metonomia and allegory. In relation to its suitability as an alternative teaching material in high school based on suitability to students' cognition, suitability to character education, suitability to students' language, psychological aspects, and cultural background aspects, the use of figurative language styles in news texts is suitable for use as an alternative teaching material. in high school and references that help Indonesian language subject teachers in appreciating Indonesian literary works, especially in prose.

Modern business, whether in trade of goods or services, is experiencing rapid growth that contributes to the global economy. However, globalization and technological advancements have brought challenges in communication and conflict resolution, especially in cross-cultural negotiations. This research aims to investigate communication barriers and conflict resolution strategies in the context of multicultural business negotiations, focusing on factors influencing intercultural communication and effective approaches to conflict resolution. A literature review approach is employed in this study. Data is collected from  various related literature, including books, scientific journals, and articles discussing communication barriers and conflict resolution in business from 2015 to 2024. The data is critically analyzed to identify the relationship between communication barriers and conflict resolution in business negotiations. The research results indicate that language differences, communication styles, social norms, business ethics, and perceptions of time are major barriers in intercultural communication that can disrupt business negotiations. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts that can damage business relationships. Additionally, interest-based approaches and Pancasila-based deliberation are identified as effective conflict resolution strategies, emphasizing the values of democracy, kinship, and mutual cooperation.

Tantrums in early childhood are a phenomenon that often causes worry and stress for many parents. However, dealing with tantrums is not an easy task and often tests parents' patience and emotional resilience.  Early childhood is at a stage of development where they are starting to learn to recognize and express their emotions. Lack of language skills and managing emotions makes them vulnerable to experiencing frustration which leads to tantrums. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand the causes of tantrums and know how to deal with them positively and constructively. This research uses a library research design that relies on primary data in the form of literature or previous research related to strategies for dealing with tantrums. The researcher carefully read the data sources. to identify parental parenting patterns on children's emotional stability. The information collected is then used as a guideline for educators' synergistic efforts in dealing with tantrums, so that they can overcome tantrums that often occur in everyday life. This research uses library sources, including research results in the form of books, journals, articles and other relevant sources. This article concludes by analyzing the data obtained from these sources and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the theoretical study analysis, it can be concluded that a positive strategy for dealing with tantrums in early childhood is to (1) Recognize the factors that cause Tantrums including ( a) Child factors, namely the obstruction of the child's desire to get something (b) Parental factors or parenting style. Parental parenting styles influence the emergence of tantrums (c) children's needs that are not met.   and (2) Get to know efforts to overcome tantrums. (a) Parents and educators can prevent this from happening by being aware of children's habits and knowing exactly when tantrums occur. (b) When a tantrum occurs, parents and educators should try to remain calm and control emotions. (c) After the tantrum is over, parents and educators should provide a sense of calm to the child, not punish or strengthen. (d) Parents and educators can minimize children's anger and ensure the safety of children and other people. (e) If anger causes confusion, immediately move the child to a safe place or away from other children. (f) Parents Educators can also observe children closely to observe when anger occurs most often. (g) If the tantrum occurs again, handle it with a time out  

The objective of this study is to analyse language faults, including word choice errors (diction), spelling and punctuation problems, and sentence structure errors, in narrative essays written by fourth-grade elementary school pupils. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilising a case study research style. The study revealed that the most prevalent errors were related to word selection (diction) and the usage of capital letters. According to the findings, Indonesian grade IV instructors should enhance and supplement their teaching on spelling usage and provide instruction on proper sentence patterns in order to enhance students' knowledge. .  

The objective of this study is to analyse language faults, including word choice errors (diction), spelling and punctuation problems, and sentence structure errors, in narrative essays written by fourth-grade elementary school pupils. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilising a case study research style. The study revealed that the most prevalent errors were related to word selection (diction) and the usage of capital letters. According to the findings, Indonesian grade IV instructors should enhance and supplement their teaching on spelling usage and provide instruction on proper sentence patterns in order to enhance students' knowledge. .  

In the progress of the times, the use of the Indonesian language has gradually changed, there are several words in the Indonesian language whose reading has been changed, which has had a significant impact on the position of the Indonesian language as a national language and the nation's cultural identity. In this millennial era, many generations have grown up in an environment filled with technology which has made big changes in terms of communicating formally and informally. The influence of globalization and the popularity of English has also caused a shift communication preferences, where Indonesian may be less attractive to the Millennial Generation. Through literature review, data search was carried out to identify the language styles of the millennial generation and analyze it to find out the impact of using this language style. Search results shows the impact of the millennial generation's language style on the integrity of the Indonesian language in this era of globalization.        

The purposes of this study are to find out the types of language style and explain the meaning of them which are used in promoting tourism objects of North Sumatera by the instagram account of @travellingsumut. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research was the captions which are posted by the instagram account of @travellingsumut in promoting tourism objects of North Sumatera. Based on the analysis data, there was found two kinds of language styles in promoting tourism objects of North Sumatera. The two types of language style are comparative language style/figure of speech with 23 sentences and affirmative language style/figure of speech with 2 sentences. In comparative language/figure of speech styles, four types of figures of speech were found, namely personification, metaphor, hyperbole and simile. In the language style/figure of speech of affirmation, one type of language style is found, namely repetition. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the language styles that used by the instagram account of @travellingsumut in promoting tourism objects of North Sumatera have function to persuade people to visit North Sumatera and enjoy the natural beauty and tourism objects in there.

The purpose of this research is to describe the types of figurative language found in Adele's songs in album 30. The research methodology used is literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that there are several types of figurative language in the lyrics of these songs, including symbolic (36%), personification (9%), metaphor (4.5%), simile (18%), hyperbole (4.5%), and allegory (28%). Thus, it can be concluded that the most used figurative language in the album is the symbolic type.

In the process of learning Indonesian, it is often found that each student has a different level of understanding and ability. In addition, factors such as different learning styles can also affect student learning outcomes. Differentiated learning can be influential in improving student learning outcomes. This study aims to find the effect of differentiated learning on students' grades in Indonesian language courses. This research uses quasi-experimental method. Differentiated learning has an effect on improving student learning outcomes in Indonesian language courses seen from a significant level of 0.05 the value of Fstatistic = 0.0758 and FKritis = 0.4401 which means FKritis> Fstatistic (0.4401>0.0758), so differentiated learning can affect the improvement of nursing student learning outcomes in Indonesian language courses.

This study aimed to investigate the impact or influence of authoritarian and critical teacher behavior and teaching on students in the classroom, or in popular language better known by the public as the "Guru Killer".  The research method used surveys and observations of interactions between teachers and students. The results show that teachers' judgmental and oppressive teaching style can significantly inhibit students' participation and reduce or even kill their activeness in the learning process. The implications of this research highlight the importance of a supportive, collaborative and empowering teaching style to create a conducive learning environment, thus achieving the set learning objectives.

This study examines the importance of structural analysis in understanding the depth of a literary work, particularly the drama script "Bila Malam Bertambah Malam" by Putu Wijaya. Through a systematic approach, this research identifies and analyzes intrinsic elements such as theme, plot, characters, setting, language style, dialogue, and message in the drama script. The method of structural analysis is employed to comprehend how these elements interact and contribute to the overall meaning of the literary work. The findings of this research reveal the complexity of the messages conveyed by Putu Wijaya, especially concerning social class issues and the conflict between love and traditional norms. The research findings can serve as a useful reference source in Indonesian language learning at the high school level, enriching the understanding of literature, and contributing to the development of Indonesian literary studies. Although structural analysis provides a deep understanding of the literary work, there is still room for further research to comprehend other aspects of the drama script and its implications in the context of literature and literary education.