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In practice, the Cooperative Education Unit (SPK) does not provide the same space for every Indonesian citizen to get a quality education. SPK has becomea practice of educational capitalism that further widens the gap between one person and another  and  eliminates  the  principle  of  justice  where everyone has the right to equal opportunities for education. The  method  used  in  this  study  is  normative  legal  research that uses three approaches, namely the legislative approach, the case approach, andthe conceptual approach. With the analysis using the perspective of critical law and the theory of  Justice  John  Rawls.  The  result  of  this  study  is  a  policy recommendation  so  that  the  Cooperative  Education  Unit (SPK) school policy as a product of government policy in the education area contained in Permendikbud No. 31 of 2024 should be reviewed, corrected and returned to be a policy in accordance with national education goals. In order to be in line with the constitutional mandate to educate the life of the nation and to provide space or access to every citizen to get his or her constitutional right to education.  

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mengetahui peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan untuk membangun karakter bangsa dalam pembentukan generasi berkualitas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur (literature study) yang bertujuan untuk menyusun dasar teoritis dan konsep problematika yang diteliti yang merujuk pada buku, artikel ilmiah, dan penelitian lainnya yang dipublikasikan. Hasil penelitian berkaitan dengan peran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan mempunyai peran yang strategis dalam membangun karakter bangsa, karena melalui pendidikan ini nilai-nilai dasar kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara dapat ditanamkan sejak dini. Karakter bangsa yang kokoh dan tangguh dibentuk oleh internalisasi nilai-nilai seperti nasionalisme, tanggung jawab sosial, keadilan, serta toleransi. Hasil nyata dari pembangunan karakter bangsa adalah terciptanya generasi yang memiliki rasa kebangsaan yang tinggi, mampu menghargai keberagaman, dan memiliki semangat gotong royong. Selain itu, pembangunan karakter juga membentuk individu yang berpikir kritis, inovatif, serta adaptif terhadap perkembangan global, tanpa kehilangan jati diri sebagai negara Indonesia. Hal ini sejalan dengan visi "Profil Pelajar Pancasila" yang menekankan pentingnya integritas, kemandirian, dan kemampuan untuk bekerja sama dalam menghadapi berbagai dinamika sosial dan global.

The State Civil Apparatus or commonly referred to as ASN has been in the spotlight lately, where the changes in the new laws and regulations greatly affect the two (2) management of ASN, which includes Civil Servants (PNS) and Employees Government with Work Agreement (PPPK). This study aims to find, examine and discuss in more detail related to the Amendment of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning Civil Servants, more specifically related to the Rights of Civil Servants and PPPK which have been regulated in this Law. The research method used is the cutative descriptive method. This type of research is normative legal research, the source of data obtained by researchers is sourced from legal materials, journals, and literature that supports this research. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the literature includes contemporary and classical books. Data obtained by researchers through legal materials, then read, examined, analyzed, and explained quantitatively using scientific logic. The results showed that the granting of rights to Civil Servants and Government Employees with Work Agreements, was in accordance with their respective positions in the field of employment. However, the rights of the two management are dynamic and uncertain, because they are very dependent on changes in the laws and regulations ratified, so that there is a need for permanent regulations related to the rights of the two management, in order to fulfill the rights of each employee, which is in accordance with the Laws and Regulations.

Gender equality theory, which is a branch of gender studies, offers an in-depth view of how gender inequality can occur in various aspects of life, including in the legal system. In simple terms, this theory distinguishes between formal equality and substantive equality. This research aims to analyze gender equality theory which can be used as an analytical framework for understanding injustice for female victims in the criminal law enforcement system and the impact of gender injustice in the criminal law enforcement system on female victims. This research uses a type of normative research with a conceptual approach. The data source used comes from secondary data. The data collection method is carried out through documentation studies. This research shows that gender equality theory is a very relevant analytical framework for understanding the injustices experienced by female victims in the criminal law enforcement system. Gender injustice in the criminal law enforcement system has a broad and deep impact, not only on individual female victims but also on social, cultural and institutional structures.

Customary law existed long before Indonesia became independent. This system is a reflection of the noble values ​​believed in by indigenous peoples, such as mutual cooperation, kinship and respect for others. This research aims to analyze the principles of customary law that can be integrated into the formal justice system to support the development of a restorative justice system in Indonesia and the main challenges faced in implementing customary law as part of the restorative justice system in Indonesia and how to overcome them. The research method uses normative research methods and secondary data. Integration of customary law principles into the formal justice system can be done in various ways, such as adopting restorative principles, building hybrid models, increasing recognition of legality, involving communities, aligning with human rights, and applying local approaches in certain cases. The implementation of customary law as part of the restorative justice system in Indonesia faces various challenges, but with a strategic and adaptive approach, these challenges can be overcome.

The State Civil Apparatus or commonly referred to as ASN has been in the spotlight lately, where the changes in the new laws and regulations greatly affect the two (2) management of ASN, which includes Civil Servants (PNS) and Employees Government with Work Agreement (PPPK). This study aims to find, examine and discuss in more detail related to the Amendment of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning Civil Servants, more specifically related to the Rights of Civil Servants and PPPK which have been regulated in this Law. The research method used is the cutative descriptive method. This type of research is normative legal research, the source of data obtained by researchers is sourced from legal materials, journals, and literature that supports this research. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the literature includes contemporary and classical books. Data obtained by researchers through legal materials, then read, examined, analyzed, and explained quantitatively using scientific logic.         The results showed that the granting of rights to Civil Servants and Government Employees with Work Agreements, was in accordance with their respective positions in the field of employment. However, the rights of the two management are dynamic and uncertain, because they are very dependent on changes in the laws and regulations ratified, so that there is a need for permanent regulations related to the rights of the two management, in order to fulfill the rights of each employee, which is in accordance with the Laws and Regulations.      

The aim of this research is to determine the dominant indicators of the variables Employee Job Satisfaction, Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment in the Population and Civil Registration Service of Padang City and to determine the partial influence of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment on employee job satisfaction in the Population and Civil Registration Service Padang city. This type of research is quantitative, the sampling technique used is a total sampling technique which is taken based on the entire population, because the population is less than 100 people. The research sample consisted of 46 people. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The technique for analyzing the data uses validity and reliability tests using the SPSS version 21.00 program. The hypothesis was tested using the T test. The results of this research show (1) Organizational Justice has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the Padang City Population and Civil Registration Service (2) Organizational Commitment has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the Padang City Population and Civil Registration Service. This research aims to determine the dominant indicators of employee job satisfaction variables.

Pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam praktik pertanahan di Indonesia, yang dapat mengancam kepastian hukum dan keadilan bagi pemilik tanah yang sah. Tindakan pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum bisa dilakukan melalui berbagai cara, seperti pemalsuan dokumen, penipuan, penyalahgunaan wewenang, atau pengambilalihan tanah secara paksa tanpa prosedur yang sah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas tanah dalam pemindahan hak secara melawan hukum, serta mencari solusi untuk memperbaiki sistem perlindungan hukum di bidang pertanahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, dan teori-teori hukum yang relevan untuk melihat perlindungan hukum yang ada dalam sistem pertanahan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada sejumlah aturan hukum yang mengatur perlindungan hak atas tanah, praktik pemindahan hak secara melawan hukum masih sering terjadi karena lemahnya pengawasan, penyalahgunaan wewenang, dan kurangnya pemahaman hukum di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini berdampak pada terjadinya sengketa pertanahan yang tidak hanya merugikan pihak yang sah, tetapi juga merusak kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem hukum. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini menyarankan beberapa langkah, antara lain: (1) peningkatan sistem administrasi pertanahan dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi yang lebih baik untuk mencegah pemalsuan dokumen, (2) penguatan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum, (3) peningkatan edukasi dan penyuluhan hukum kepada masyarakat terkait hak-hak atas tanah, serta (4) penyediaan bantuan hukum bagi kelompok rentan yang menjadi korban pemindahan hak tanah secara ilegal. Dengan demikian, diharapkan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas tanah dapat lebih efektif dan memberi kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat.

This research aims to explore and analyze the relationship between Pancasila, as the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia, and international principles of justice and equality. Pancasila, which consists of five precepts that reflect the basic values of the Indonesian nation, is expected to serve as a guideline in the application of the principles of social justice and equal rights in the international context. This study uses an analytical approach to evaluate how Pancasila aligns with various international conventions and standards related to human rights and social justice. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities in integrating Pancasila values with global norms, as well as its impact on Indonesia's public policy and international relations. The results show that while there is significant alignment between Pancasila and international principles on justice and equality, there are some challenges in its implementation that need to be addressed to ensure better harmonization between national and international norms.

This research is a normative research, so this data is carried out by conducting a literature study on the verdict. Data sources are obtained from primary legal materials, namely: laws and regulations and court decisions, secondary obtained from literature and literature studies, tertiary legal materials obtained from the internet, dictionaries, and encyclopedias. The results of the research obtained from analyzing the verdict show that (1). The basis for the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions against distributors of pharmaceutical preparations without expertise and authority by looking at the Judge's Juridical Considerations and Non-Juridical Considerations of the judge is appropriate and uses an Article that meets the elements of the perpetrator's violation in accordance with the Health Law, but the imposition of criminal sanctions is very light and far from the provisions of the Article. (2). The suitability of the imposition of criminal sanctions in Decision Number 150/Pi.Sus/2021/PN Kupang with the Health Law given by the Judge to the defendant is so light that it cannot guarantee that the defendant will feel frustrated and will not repeat his actions again. This makes the sense of justice, usefulness and legal certainty not fulfilled properly. The author's suggestion that the criminal sanctions imposed by the Panel of Judges against the defendant should not only consider the behavior and actions of the defendant but also look at the consequences of the defendant's actions that can have a bad impact on the health of consumers/patients who take the hard drug.

This research explores the application of Pancasila principles of justice in the Indonesian criminal justice system, especially in the handling of corruption cases. Pancasila as the foundation of the state contains moral and ethical values that should guide law enforcement. However, its application is often constrained by political influence and corruption within judicial institutions. This study uses a qualitative approach with case studies and comparative analysis, involving literature review, expert interviews, and analysis of corruption cases in Indonesia. The findings show that while the principles of Pancasila provide a strong foundation of justice, implementation is less effective due to external influences. Judicial reform, increased transparency, and protection for corruption whistleblowers are recommended to strengthen the implementation of the Pancasila principles and their conformity with international standards.

The problem of disciplinary violations committed by soldiers is a sensitive issue considering the vital role of the military in maintaining the security and sovereignty of the country, therefore the role of Ankum as a direct superior who provides disciplinary law is very important for soldiers. Normative legal research or library legal research, with a statutory regulatory approach. The nature of this research is normative juridical because the researcher will analyze the role of Ankum in imposing disciplinary sanctions that adhere to the principles of justice and development. The results of the study The Role of Ankum in Imposing Sanctions for Military Disciplinary Violations from the Perspective of Justice and Development of Soldiers

This study examines pricing mechanisms in the buffet system at Wisma Tamu Al Ishlah Restaurant from the perspective of Islamic economic justice principles. This research is crucial given the limited studies that analyze buffet pricing practices from an Islamic economic perspective, particularly in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment. This research adopts a qualitative approach with field research methods, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection. The findings indicate that the pricing mechanism at Al Ishlah Restaurant employs a cost-based method, setting prices based on raw material costs, capital, operational expenses, and production services, adjusted according to the types of food selected by customers. Generally, the pricing practices at Wisma Tamu Al Ishlah Restaurant align with Islamic economic justice principles, ensuring that no party is disadvantaged and upholding honesty in transactions. Prices are established through mutual agreement between the restaurant and the customer, ensuring fairness. However, price transparency presents a challenge that could affect consumer perceptions. This research contributes to the development of Islamic economic theory in the culinary business context and provides recommendations to enhance justice in buffet pricing..

Penelitian ini menganalisis teknik penerjemahan pidato kepresidenan untuk menyampaikan pesan etis dan ide pembangunan berkelanjutan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, studi ini menggali teknik penerjemahan seperti modulasi, kesetaraan budaya, dan adaptasi gaya bahasa, serta dampaknya pada pemahaman audiens.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan teknik modulasi pada frasa "harnessing technological progress," diterjemahkan menjadi "memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi," yang lebih relevan dengan konteks Indonesia. Teknik kesetaraan budaya diterapkan pada istilah "inclusive future," diadaptasi menjadi "masa depan yang inklusif dan adil," mengacu pada nilai keadilan dalam budaya lokal. Adaptasi gaya bahasa juga tampak pada frasa "emerging technologies," yang diterjemahkan langsung menjadi "teknologi baru yang berkembang."Teknik modulasi dan kesetaraan budaya dominan dalam analisis ini, menunjukkan efektivitasnya dalam menyampaikan nilai penting pidato. Penggunaan teknik penerjemahan yang tepat memfasilitasi interpretasi yang lebih jelas dan bermakna, menciptakan koneksi antara pidato presiden dan audiens lokal.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) 35 in the preparation of financial statements at the People's Coalition for Fisheries Justice (KIARA) NGO and to evaluate the effectiveness of the SANGO Professional accounting software. This research is motivated by the need to enhance transparency and accountability in the financial management of NGOs in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data obtained through interviews and participatory observation. Secondary data were taken from KIARA's 2023 financial statements. The results show that KIARA has successfully implemented ISAK 35 in the preparation of its financial statements since 2022. The use of SANGO Professional has helped KIARA in recording financial transactions in a more structured and systematic manner. Additionally, this software facilitates the management of complex financial data, thereby minimizing recording errors. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of ISAK 35 has improved the accuracy and transparency of KIARA's financial statements. SANGO Professional is effective in supporting financial management, but there is a need for feature enhancements to better support the optimal implementation of ISAK 35.

Healthcare services for vulnerable age groups are often neglected due to pragmatic considerations. However, in national development, distributive justice and inclusivity must be promoted to help create a society that supports each other and is capable of achieving shared prosperity. This research focuses on a critical analysis of the efforts to fulfill the right to healthcare services for vulnerable age groups, employing a normative-juridical research model with measurement tools based on the principles of justice, legal certainty, and utility. The findings indicate that there is still a lack of detailed and inclusive provisions for vulnerable age groups, which do not yet meet the principles of justice, legal certainty, and utility.

This legal research aims to examine the provisions of criteria/circumstances that are casuistic in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice mentions the provisions of a quo in Article 5 Paragraph (2) and Article 5 Paragraph (5). The a quo provision in the regulation does not have clear indicators so it is prone to multiple interpretations. The research method used is normative juridical by examining literature materials or secondary data. There are two approaches, namely the legislative approach and the case approach. Data collection techniques are also used interview techniques in the form of questions and answers with the Public Prosecutor of the District Attorney's Office to obtain information that supports this research. The results of the study show that there are no clear indicators of criteria/circumstances of a casuistic nature in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice has implications for the results of the public prosecutor's decision to consider the application for Restorative Justice. The absence of explanation of the provision was returned to the consideration of the public prosecutor with discretionary authority.  

Restorative justice is often understood as a form of approach in resolving a criminal case involving the perpetrator, victim, and other parties such as family, or the community and does not focus on imprisonment, but rather on restoring the victim's condition after the crime has occurred. The Indonesian government has implemented restorative justice in the criminal justice system. Explicitly, restorative justice is stated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia National Police Number 8 of 2021 concerning Handling of Criminal Acts based on Restorative Justice, recorded in the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia in 2021 Number 947. This study aims to determine the model of approach and inhibiting factors in the application of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases. This research is an empirical legal research. The data collection technique was by interviewing informants, and the data analysis used was qualitative analysis. The results of the study show: (1) The restorative justice approach has been implemented at the Kupang City Police by paying attention to values ​​and based on the Pancasila ideology. (2) The implementation of restorative justice in the police is carried out in two models, namely victim offender meeting and Conferencing. (3) the implementation of restorative justice in the police found 3 inhibiting factors, namely legal factors, law enforcement factors themselves and community factors.

The phenomenon of nikah sirri (unregistered marriage) in Indonesia presents critical challenges in family law, particularly concerning the legal status of children born from such unions. This study examines judicial determinations of child origin by the Religious Courts as a legal mechanism to grant civil legitimacy to children from nikah sirri. Using a normative qualitative approach and analyzing two court decisions (No. 0648/Pdt.P/2018/PA.Lmj and No. 1731/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Jr), the research explores how judges consider the principles of justice, legal certainty, and legal utility through the lens of Gustav Radbruch’s legal philosophy. Findings reveal that judicial reasoning in these cases transcends procedural formalism, reflecting an ethical commitment to the holistic protection of children’s rights. The study applies the Maqasid al-Shari’ah framework to evaluate how such rulings align with the five fundamental objectives of Islamic law (protection of life, lineage, property, intellect, and religion). The legal recognition of a child’s nasab and entitlements is shown to fulfill both statutory requirements and Islamic ethical standards of justice. Thus, this research underscores the need to strengthen the synergy between state law and Islamic moral values, positioning the court not merely as a formal legal apparatus, but as a transformative institution in achieving substantive justice in society.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Jampersal di Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama tiga bulan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara penyajian data, reduksi data, dan pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fokus utama program ini adalah memberikan pelayanan ekstra dan jaminan khusus bagi ibu dan bayi sejak hamil sampai setelah melahirkan, adalah untuk menyelamatkan nyawa manusia, menghindari kematian ibu dan anak serta membantu kesehatan dalam artian memastikan dalam kondisi baik dan aman. Pemanfaatan Jampersal kurang diminati oleh masyarakat, hal ini dikarenakan adanya pola pikir dari masyarakat bahwa program pemerintah tidak memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu seperti yang diluar program pemerintah atau secara umum baik di rumah sakit maupun di tempat praktik bidan atau rumah bersalin. Program Jampersal merupakan salah satu terobosan dan solusi dari pemerintah bagi masyarakat kurang mampu, meskipun kondisi pelayanannya belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, artinya program dari pemerintah tanpa biaya ini jangan sampai kualitasnya jelek dan tidak layak, karena tentu saja hal tersebut bertentangan dengan keadilan sosial. Kendala dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan program Jampersal terletak pada sarana dan prasarana sekolah yang masih belum dapat dipenuhi oleh Pemerintah melalui Dinas Kesehatan dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan bagi ibu hamil. Faktor pendukung. Kualitas dan adanya sumpah profesi dan kemanusiaan membuat tenaga medis memberikan pelayanan yang prima dan ekstra kepada masyarakat, khususnya kepada ibu yang akan melahirkan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat. Belum semua sarana yang dimiliki oleh Puskesmas di Kota Prabumulih memenuhi syarat dan kriteria yang cukup untuk mendorong terlaksananya program Jampersal, sehingga kedepannya harus banyak dilakukan pembenahan.