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The development of responsible knowledge requires a strong moral foundation, one of which is through the application of akhlakul karimah (noble character). Good, noble, and commendable ethics play a crucial role in creating knowledge that is not only practically beneficial but also has a positive impact on humanity and the environment. The main issue addressed in this study is how akhlakul karimah can shape the behavior of scientists in developing ethical knowledge and how it contributes to the construction of responsible science. This research employs a library research approach. The findings indicate that akhlakul karimah is essential in guiding scientists to uphold integrity, honesty, and social responsibility in research and the application of knowledge. Scientists with noble character do not only prioritize technological advancements but also consider the balance between material progress and the moral and spiritual quality of human life. Thus, akhlakul karimah plays a vital role in ensuring that scientific development remains responsible and contributes positively to humanity and environmental sustainability.

Organic farming is increasingly being looked at as a solution to improve soil quality and produce sustainable agriculture. This study aims to explore the impact of organic farming on soil quality and yields of wet-rice farming in Nias Islands. Based on existing research, organic farming systems are proven to provide great benefits to soil fertility, including by increasing organic matter content, boosting soil microbial activity, and improving soil structure. The use of techniques such as crop rotation, organic fertilizers and mulching have been shown to improve soil quality, increase its ability to store water and reduce erosion. In addition, more diverse and active soil microbes also contribute to more efficient nutrient cycling, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers and helping to control pests naturally. While the initial adoption of organic farming may result in lower yields, research shows that in the long run, yields increase as soil quality improves. Organic farming also offers better resilience to climate change, especially in terms of the soil's ability to retain water and reduce the impact of drought. Thus, organic farming in Nias Islands can not only increase agricultural productivity, but also support environmental sustainability. Therefore, the application of organic farming is the right choice to improve food security and preserve nature in Nias Islands

This study explores the role of spiritual eco-leadership within religious communities and its potential for fostering climate resilience and sustainability. Religious communities, guided by spiritual values such as stewardship, social justice, and care for creation, have a unique position to contribute significantly to addressing climate change. Through qualitative case studies of religious communities engaged in climate-resilient practices, this research identifies key personal qualities of effective eco-leaders, examines the theological foundations driving eco-leadership, and investigates how community structures can support sustainable practices. The findings highlight the importance of qualities such as compassion, integrity, and vision in eco-leaders, which enable them to inspire collective action towards environmental sustainability. Additionally, the study uncovers the centrality of theological principles, particularly those rooted in stewardship and social justice, in guiding eco-leadership within faith-based contexts. The research also discusses the challenges these communities face, including institutional conservatism, resource constraints, and the marginalization of eco-leaders. Strategies for overcoming these barriers are proposed, emphasizing the need for education, advocacy, and interfaith collaboration. The study concludes that spiritual eco-leadership, when supported by strong theological foundations and community structures, can serve as a powerful force in driving climate resilience and promoting sustainability, both locally and globally. By fostering eco-leadership, religious communities can play a transformative role in addressing climate change and enhancing community adaptation to environmental challenges.

One of the national strategic projects (PSN) is the development of Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2), which is a mega project aimed at creating new growth that significantly impacts various aspects, including the economic, social, and cultural rights of the local community.  This research aims to determine the impact of the PIK2 development from the perspective of the economic, social, and cultural rights of the local community, whether this development incorporates aspects of integration and sustainability in accordance with its vision.  The method used is a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The research results indicate that the development of PIK 2 can damage coastal ecosystems and pose challenges related to social justice and community participation in planning and decision-making.  This study concludes that there is a more just and transparent approach to incorporating environmental sustainability at every stage of the PIK 2 development to achieve progress.

The research paper discusses the findings of the literature of previous studies related to accounting digitization to achieve environmental sustainability for the period from 2013 to 2023. The conclusions of the research literature show how the concept of modernity and the importance of digitization in accounting has evolved over the past few years in shedding light on different destinations and topics in the field of decision-making and environmental protection. The findings appears that researchers pointed to the urgent need to link research disciplines that would lead to increased interest in clean energy by involving experts in leading the digital transformation of accounting to legitimize the work of accountants.  This research paper also referred to the results of the literature of studies regarding the interaction between various fields, especially sustainable accounting and accounting information systems, where the role of digital accounting in achieving sustainability, which is an integral part of a network of human and non-human actors that reflects economic activities on the environment. New research must also take into account that technology alone cannot solve environmental issues in isolation from the interactive role with humans who jointly seek solutions. Therefore, automating the work of accountants interested in corporate social responsibility issues through digital accounting can be one of the main pillars of that interaction in order to improve decision-making to protect the environment.

In recognition of the need for sustainable design philosophies and practices that can be incorporated into the design of new products with an environmentally sustainable perspective throughout the life cycle, this research used a scoping review approach to x-ray the utility of the Sustainable Value Framework (SVF) in enhancing the application of reinforced composite products for ecological efficiency. An extensive search was performed using the electronic databases of articles such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. The study selected and extracted data from the literature according to the PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) to map the current literature for gaps in knowledge. The research studies show that SVF promotes the product design by incorporating characteristics such as environmental, economic, and social factors to attain optimal reduction of resources and sustainable uses of the environmental resources as well as improving the quality of the products. The study discussed the principles of sustainable value creation and their work evaluates new solutions of composite material selection, design method and technology for sustainable products. It also discusses policy drivers as well as industry and consumer practices with regards to reuse of surfaces in sustainable design. This study is beneficial to various stakeholders like the policymakers, the professionals in industries and construction, and the scholars.

Agrotechnology plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity through the implementation of modern innovations and technologies. Challenges such as land degradation, climate change, and limited natural resources can be addressed through precision technology, smart irrigation, biotechnology, and agricultural mechanization. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing various studies from 2019 to 2024 that discuss the impact of agrotechnology on agricultural yields. The findings indicate that the application of precision irrigation systems can enhance water use efficiency by up to 40%, while the use of genetically engineered superior crop varieties can increase yields and improve plant resistance to pests and diseases. Additionally, the utilization of digital technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), enables more efficient and data-driven land management. However, major challenges in implementing these technologies include limited farmer access, high investment costs, and low digital literacy among farmers. Therefore, policy support, financial incentives, and farmer training are necessary to ensure the widespread and sustainable adoption of technology. Thus, agrotechnology can serve as a primary solution for increasing agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability.

The maritime industry plays a critical role in global trade but faces growing pressure to integrate environmental sustainability into its operations. This research analyzes the industry using the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework to understand the relationship between market structure, firm behavior, and both economic and environmental performance. The study provides original value by extending the traditional SCP model to include environmental sustainability, addressing a critical gap in previous research. Key research questions include how market concentration, regulatory compliance, corporate environmental responsibility (CER), and technological innovation affect both profitability and sustainability. Using qualitative data from industry professionals and maritime educators, the analysis highlights that proactive regulatory compliance and high CER commitment drive superior economic and environmental outcomes. Firms that invest in green technologies enjoy enhanced performance, while those prioritizing short-term profits struggle with long-term competitiveness. The results offer practical insights for policymakers and industry leaders, emphasizing the need for inclusive market structures and stronger regulatory frameworks to support sustainability across the sector.

PT X is a chemical manufacturing company specializing in the production of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. In addition to waste generated from production processes, PT X also produces domestic wastewater originating from supporting activities such as employee barracks, offices, and laundry facilities. This domestic wastewater contains parameters that can potentially pollute the environment, such as BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, and Total Coliform, some of which exceed the quality standards set by the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 68 of 2016. This study aims to design an effective Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (DWTP) system to process the domestic wastewater of PT X. The proposed DWTP system consists of a collection tank, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), Aerobic Biofilter, and disinfection unit. Each unit is designed to reduce pollutant parameters to meet quality standards. Based on the calculations, this system can handle a wastewater flow rate of 21.91 m³/day with high treatment efficiency for critical parameters. The study results indicate that the proposed DWTP design can reduce environmental pollution, improve wastewater treatment operational efficiency, and comply with applicable regulations. Implementing this system is highly recommended to ensure environmental sustainability and the continued operations of PT X.

This research optimises the production of quality charcoal briquettes using the Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method to meet the need for sustainable alternative energy. The main raw material is coconut shells, which are cleaned, burned in iron drums, and sun-dried to produce quality charcoal. Quality evaluation was conducted on calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and compressive resistance. Findings showed significant improvement in the quality of briquetted charcoal after the application of MFEP, with higher calorific value, lower moisture and ash content, and better compressive resistance. This research supports energy efficiency, reduces emissions, and improves environmental sustainability and community welfare.

Socialization and education about Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) are important to be implemented in MSMEs, especially in the aluminum craft sector, to encourage environmental desire and efficiency. In Tanjung Atap Barat Village, most aluminum craftsmen still use practices that are less environmentally friendly, such as less than optimal waste management and the use of raw materials that are not fully based on recycling. Therefore, a GHRM approach is needed that integrates the principle of desire through increasing the ability, motivation, and opportunities for craftsmen to contribute to preserving the environment. This study aims to understand and analyze the implementation of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) in aluminum craft MSMEs in Tanjung Atap Barat Village, with a focus on preserving human resources that support environmental sustainability. The method used in this study consists of three main stages: socialization, education, and evaluation. The results of this study indicate that the socialization and education of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) carried out on aluminum craftsmen in Tanjung Atap Barat Village with the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) approach successfully introduced GHRM principles such as energy efficiency, use of recycled materials, and waste management.

This article discusses the meaning of philosophy of science in everyday life and its relevance for individuals and society. Using qualitative research methods with a literature review approach, this research examines various sources that explain how the philosophy of science can be applied in real life contexts. Research shows that philosophy of science is not only an academic discipline, but also serves as a guide in decision making, ethical development, and self-understanding. Through the application of philosophical principles, individuals can make better moral choices, improve critical thinking skills, and build healthier interpersonal relationships. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of awareness of environmental desirability as part of the moral responsibility resulting from philosophical thought. Thus, the philosophy of science plays an important role in shaping human perspectives and actions in the complex modern era.

The utilization of natural resources in the current era is an important concern, especially in supporting environmental sustainability. The development of awareness of environmental issues also affects the economic cycle, especially the production process of environmentally friendly goods. The running of environmentally friendly goods production in Indonesia is evidenced by the existence of various product innovations that utilize waste or natural materials, one of which is JEcoware. The existence of JEcoware is also a means of supporting business actors to carry out sustainable product innovations. One of the popular JEcoware product innovations is the utilization of teak leaves and used cardboard. The type of method used is descriptive observation with a qualitative approach. All data for this observation was obtained through literature reviews by analyzing information from various sources, as well as through the analysis of production practices carried out periodically at JEcoware. Based on the results of the discussion, it is known that the utilization of teak leaves is influenced by the season and the availability of materials to produce JEcoware products. The change of seasons also affects the quality of teak leaves due to irregular rainfall. Therefore, seasonal changes significantly impact the quality of raw materials and the JEcoware production process, ultimately influencing the production of high-quality and sustainable products.

Global food demand continues to increase, but over-farming without considering environmental sustainability has led to land degradation. This can result in decreased crop yields. However, this problem can be solved by applying environmentally friendly farming methods using beneficial microbiomes that can improve soil health and increase crop productivity. This research aims to explore the role of the soil microbiome in enhancing crop productivity and crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and supporting soil health, which enables the use of eco-agricultural approaches to solve these problems. This research utilizes the literature review technique, which involves analyzing, summarizing, evaluating and synthesizing documents from various references. This method aims to improve our understanding of how microorganisms promote plant growth in degraded soils. The results show that soil microbes improve soil quality and control plant diseases. Crop production on marginal lands can be sustainably increased with the use of the microbiome. In addition, the microbiome helps sustainable agriculture by reducing our dependence on synthetic chemicals, reducing environmental pollution and supporting food security worldwide, and supporting food security worldwide.  

This research explores the impact of digitalization on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA method. The data collection process began with the identification of relevant scientific articles using the keywords "digitalization," "MSMEs," and "digital transformation," through leading academic databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and JSTOR. The initial search identified 278 articles, of which 35 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. A thorough analysis of these 35 articles revealed that digitalization plays a pivotal role in fostering innovation within the MSME sector, offering benefits such as enhanced operational efficiency, expanded market access, and strengthened social, economic, and environmental sustainability. However, the implementation of digitalization in MSMEs is encumbered by several challenges, including limited resources, uneven digital infrastructure, and cyber security threats. The study underscores the significance of the government's role in establishing regulatory frameworks, offering financial incentives, and fortifying infrastructure to facilitate the sustainable digital transformation of MSMEs. This research provides strategic insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics, offering guidance on the successful adoption of digitalization in the MSME sector.

Green Management has become an important strategy for companies to face environmental challenges while increasing competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Green Management as a strategic approach in increasing the company's competitive advantage. The research method used is a literature review of various relevant previous studies, including the concept of Green Management, its impact on operational efficiency, product innovation, and corporate image. The results of the analysis show that the adoption of Green Management contributes significantly to reducing operational costs through energy efficiency and waste management. In addition, companies that implement sustainable practices succeed in creating added value for consumers, increasing customer loyalty, and strengthening market positions. This study also identifies several challenges, including initial implementation costs and organizational resistance, which can be overcome through government policy support and increasing environmental awareness among stakeholders. Thus, Green Management not only supports environmental sustainability goals but also provides strategic advantages for companies in the long term.

Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice made of a single carbon atom and has extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. These properties make it a very important material for a variety of applications, including energy management and electronics. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the role of graphene in improving battery performance and environmental sustainability. The results show that graphene significantly improves the performance of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries as well as sodium and magnesium-based batteries. In addition, graphene also has great potential for environmental applications such as water purification and pollutant adsorption. However, challenges such as production costs, toxicity, and scalability still need to be overcome for wider adoption.

This study aims to examine the effect of water usage, energy consumption, carbon emissions produced, waste generated, independent Assurance, and environmental expenditures on Return On Equity. (ROE). This study provides information about entities that are socially responsible and whether their financial performance will improve or not after the implementation of corporate social and environmental activities. The independent variables in this study are water usage, energy consumption, carbon emissions produced, waste generated, independent Assurance, and environmental expenditures. ROE in this study is the dependent variable. The secondary data required for the study comes from the sustainability reports of 35 companies in 2023, and then the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is tested using EViews. The results of data management in the study indicate that there is an effect between water usage, waste generated, and environmental expenditures on ROE, thus supporting H1, H4, and H6. This condition is reversed with energy consumption, carbon emissions produced, and independent Assurance, where these three variables do not have an effect on ROE, proving that H2, H3, and H5 are not supported. The implication of this study is that management can achieve sustainable profits by disclosing activities that support environmental sustainability and using independent parties to guarantee the sustainability reports that have been created, thereby gaining more trust from stakeholders, which affects ROE.

This study analyzes the effect of green accounting, carbon emission disclosure, and environmental performance on firm value. The research is motivated by growing awareness of environmental sustainability, climate change concerns, and the demand for corporate transparency and accountability in managing environmental impacts. Firms are expected not only to achieve financial goals but also to actively manage environmental responsibilities to create long-term value for stakeholders. The research sample consists of 64 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2021–2023 that meet the purposive sampling criteria and provide complete sustainability and annual reports. A quantitative approach is used with secondary data from annual and sustainability reports. The independent variables are green accounting (X1), carbon emission disclosure (X2), and environmental performance (X3), while the dependent variable is firm value (Y), measured by Tobin’s Q ratio. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied along with classical assumption testing to ensure reliability, followed by partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The results indicate that green accounting has no significant effect on firm value, implying that adopting green accounting alone may not influence investor perceptions without broader environmental initiatives. Conversely, carbon emission disclosure and environmental performance have a positive and significant effect on firm value, showing that transparent reporting and measurable environmental improvements can strengthen market confidence. The R² value is 4.4%, suggesting other factors also contribute to firm value. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly affect firm value, highlighting the combined importance of environmental responsibility. The findings provide practical insights for managers, investors, and policymakers: implementing sustainability practices, particularly carbon emission disclosure and improved environmental performance, can enhance investor trust, strengthen corporate reputation, and ultimately increase firm value in the competitive market.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality and customer green satisfaction at Madani Hotel Medan. The service quality in question includes aspects such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence, which are integrated with environmentally friendly practices implemented by the hotel. Green satisfaction refers to the level of customer satisfaction that is not only based on conventional services, but also on the hotel's commitment to environmental sustainability. The research method used is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are guests of Madani Hotel Medan. Data were analyzed using a linear regression method to determine the effect of service quality on green satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between service quality and customer green satisfaction. This finding indicates that the implementation of high-quality and environmentally friendly services can increase overall customer satisfaction. This study provides implications for hotel management to continue to improve service quality by paying attention to sustainability aspects in order to meet the expectations of increasingly environmentally conscious customers.