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This study aims to analyze the dynamics of peer pressure as a factor that forms problematic behavior in adolescents. This study uses a literature review method with more than 19 relevant journals. The selected journals followed inclusion criteria that focused on adolescents, peer pressure, and problematic behaviors within a specific time frame. The results of the study showed that peer pressure contributes to problematic behaviors such as aggressive behavior and social violence (bullying, cyberbullying, aggressiveness, disruptive behavior), addictive and health-risking behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption/drinking behavior), violations of academic/school norms (truancy, juvenile delinquency), online/sexual risky behavior (cybersex), and internal psychological problems (decreased self-confidence). The psychosocial dynamics found included the need for acceptance, group conformity, low self-control, and weak family support. These influences can be direct or indirect through the internalization of group values. These findings confirm that problematic behaviors are not formed singularly, but from complex interactions between individual factors and the social environment. Therefore, prevention efforts require a collaborative approach between families, schools, and the community.

This study aims to analyze strategies for optimizing the management of the library of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) of Sumatera Utara Province in carrying out its role as an authoritative center for Islamic literacy and information. As an institution overseeing the Pendidikan Tinggi Kader Ulama (PTKU), the library holds a strategic position but faces challenges in terms of standardization and digital adaptation. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative study examining aspects of collection management, compliance with the National Library Standards (SNP), and the implementation of information technology. The findings indicate that the MUI North Sumatra Library possesses notable strengths in its collection of centuries-old classical kitab kuning manuscripts and unique documents from scholars’ deliberative forums (muzakarah). Optimization efforts include manuscript digitization using the Senayan Library Management System (SLiMS), management training for PTKU students, and the integration of information services through the organization’s official portal. The study concludes that strengthening human resource capacity, ensuring sustainable budget support, and meeting physical facility standards are key factors in transforming the library into an intellectual beacon of Islam in the Media 4.0 era.

Indonesia harbors extraordinary linguistic diversity with over 700 regional languages representing approximately 10% of the world's languages within 1.3% of global land area. However, this diversity faces existential threat from language shift toward Indonesian, urbanization, education policies favoring the national language, and globalization. UNESCO classifies 146 Indonesian languages as endangered, with several dozen facing imminent extinction as last speakers age without intergenerational transmission. This study documents the current vitality status of Indonesian regional languages, analyzes factors driving language endangerment and shift, evaluates existing conservation efforts, and proposes evidence-based strategies for language revitalization and maintenance. A multi-phase approach was employed: vitality assessment of 150 regional languages using UNESCO's Language Vitality and Endangerment framework with surveys involving 2,400 speakers; ethnographic case studies in 12 speech communities; policy analysis; evaluation of 25 revitalization programs; and predictive modeling of language shift trajectories. Of 150 surveyed languages, only 23 (15.3%) classified as safe with robust intergenerational transmission; 48 (32.0%) were vulnerable; 42 (28.0%) definitely endangered; 28 (18.7%) severely endangered; and 9 (6.0%) critically endangered. Key endangerment drivers included Indonesian-only education (92.3% of schools), urban migration (67.8% of youth), negative language attitudes (54.2% of parents), and lack of written traditions (73.4% of languages lacking orthographies). Modeling projected that without intervention, 40% of currently vulnerable languages will become definitely endangered within 20 years. Successful revitalization demands community-owned interventions, mother-tongue-based multilingual education, new digital language domains, and attitude change campaigns. Indonesia's linguistic diversity represents invaluable cultural and scientific heritage requiring urgent, coordinated conservation action.

The phenomenon of digital da'wah has significantly transformed the ways religious knowledge is accessed, interpreted, and disseminated in contemporary society. This study aims to analyze the patterns of actions and perceptions of TikTok and YouTube users toward religious content delivered by Gus Baha within the context of the digital religious space. Using Max Weber’s theory of rationalization as an analytical framework, this research explores how religious authority, knowledge transmission, and user interpretation undergo processes of rationalization on digital platforms.This study employs a qualitative approach using virtual ethnography, content analysis, and in-depth interviews with users of both platforms. Data were collected through observation of uploaded content, analysis of user interactions and comments, and examination of engagement dynamics.The findings indicate that user responses to Gus Baha’s content reflect Weber’s four types of social action. Instrumentally rational actions are evident in the use of short videos as practical and efficient learning tools. Value-oriented rational actions appear in users’ consistent efforts to deepen religious understanding. Affective actions emerge from emotional attachment to Gus Baha’s communicative style, while traditional actions are reflected in the perception of digital da'wah as a continuation of established religious learning traditions. Furthermore, digital rationalization through algorithms, short-video formats, and platform accessibility, shapes how religious knowledge is selected, interpreted, and circulated.This study concludes that digital religious spaces function not only as channels of dissemination but also as arenas for the transformation of religious authority, meaning construction, and religious practice in the digital era.

Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain, is a common health issue among adolescent girls, often disrupting daily activities and quality of life. Effective management of dysmenorrhea is strongly influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls toward this condition. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding the management of menstrual pain among adolescent girls. Various studies indicate that while adequate knowledge about dysmenorrhea is important, the correlation between knowledge and attitude is not always significant. Some research finds that good knowledge does not necessarily translate into a positive attitude towards pain management, as other factors such as stress, anxiety, and reluctance to take action also play a role. However, there are studies that show a positive relationship between increased knowledge and better attitudes toward dysmenorrhea management,  although the strength of this association is very weak. Most adolescents tend to choose non-pharmacological management, such as rest and warm compresses, but many still ignore menstrual pain due to a lack of knowledge and information. Therefore, educational interventions and counseling in schools are essential to improve knowledge and foster positive attitudes in managing dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. These efforts are expected to help adolescent girls manage menstrual pain more effectively and enhance their quality of life.

The phenomenon of homeless individuals and beggars (gepeng) in Jambi City remains a significant and ongoing social issue, indicating that efforts to address poverty and urban social vulnerability have not yet been fully effective. Although the local government, through the Jambi City Social Affairs Office, has implemented a Social Rehabilitation Program aimed at restoring beneficiaries’ social functioning through outreach, social assessment, social guidance, skills training, and family reunification, the presence of gepeng in public spaces continues to fluctuate from 2022 to 2024. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the program’s implementation, particularly the social guidance component, using a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observation, and documentation review, and analyzed using George C. Edward III’s policy implementation theory, which emphasizes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings show that the program has been carried out procedurally and humanely; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to insufficient numbers of social workers, weak and unsustained economic empowerment support, and inadequate post-rehabilitation monitoring. As a result, some beneficiaries return to the streets after completing the program. Therefore, strengthening inter-agency communication, increasing resource capacity, integrating sustainable economic empowerment initiatives, and improving consistent monitoring systems are essential steps to achieve long-term and more sustainable reductions in homelessness in Jambi.

Bullying in school environments is a crucial issue that causes physical and emotional harm to victims and perpetuates cycles of aggression, with peer pressure identified as one of the main predictors. This study aims to address gaps in the literature regarding the specific role of peer pressure in shaping bullying behavior in Indonesian schools through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing 21 research articles published between 2021 and 2026 from Google Scholar. The findings indicate that adolescents with high peer pressure are 3.48 times more likely to engage in bullying, and high peer conformity contributes to 44.4% of bullying cases. However, peer influence is dual-sided—positive interactions based on empathy and mutual respect can reduce bullying behavior. The impacts of bullying include depression, anxiety, and declining academic performance in victims, as well as legal issues and difficulties in interpersonal relationships in perpetrators. The study concludes that collaboration among various stakeholders is essential to manage peer group norms and dynamics as part of culturally contextual bullying prevention efforts in Indonesia.

The rupiah plays a vital role as a symbol of national identity and sovereignty, but awareness among rural communities about its function and importance is often limited. In Kutalimbaru Village, the main challenges identified are low monetary literacy, which results in physical damage to money and a lack of awareness about counterfeit money. Through the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program, community service efforts were carried out with the aim of internalizing the values of “Love, Pride, Understanding (CBP) of the Rupiah.” The approach used was community-based education through interactive workshops and practical demonstrations on money care techniques and an introduction to the security features of the Rupiah. Findings in the field show a transformation in the community's attitude; from being indifferent to being more careful in handling paper money and better understanding the role of the Rupiah in economic stability. This program has succeeded in increasing the financial literacy of citizens while strengthening the spirit of nationalism through appreciation of the national currency. Keywords: community empowerment, micro businesses, tempeh products, entrepreneurship, Sialaman Village.

The goal of this thesis is to increase awareness and give victims a better understanding of the causes of bullying and coping mechanisms by analysing the causes, effects, and efficacy of current anti-bullying interventions at Cendekia Harapan School in Jimbaran, Bali. To strengthen anti-bullying initiatives, it also assesses current solutions and makes culturally appropriate suggestions. Students completed open-ended surveys as part of a qualitative research design to learn more about their individual experiences, opinions, and the success of ongoing programs. To find patterns in bullying behaviours and their impacts, thematic analysis was used. The results showed that bullying is frequently caused by insecurity, a desire for power, and a need to fit in. Bullying victims often experience emotional distress, mental health conditions like anxiety and depression, and academic decline. According to the study, bullying can be influenced by the school environment. While students believe that current initiatives are effective, they also recommend additional interventions like workshops that foster empathy and greater parental involvement. These findings provide useful recommendations for improving school-based anti-bullying initiatives and corroborate theories put forth by Olweus and Adler.

This study examines the implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) at NailedShape, a Bali-based nail art micro-enterprise, as a strategy to foster customer loyalty. NailedShape operates under a home-service and home studio model, primarily using Instagram for promotion and customer engagement. The study utilizes a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through interviews and observations with the owner, customers, and micro-influencers. The research findings show that NailedShape successfully employs IMC techniques, such as visual content, customer testimonials, and collaborations with digital influencers, to capture attention and create strong emotional connections with customers. This integrated approach helps in building a positive brand image and maintaining customer engagement. However, the study also highlights challenges, such as limited resources and frequent changes to social media algorithms, which hinder consistent communication and marketing efforts. Despite these obstacles, the study concludes that a well-executed IMC strategy remains effective in enhancing customer loyalty, reinforcing the importance of an integrated communication approach for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the beauty industry. By utilizing digital platforms effectively, NailedShape can compete in a highly dynamic market. The findings suggest that beauty-based MSMEs can benefit greatly from IMC in the digital era, as it not only enhances brand perception but also helps in building lasting customer relationships.

Background: Malaria transmission in Indonesia exhibits substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity, particularly between stable endemic areas and remote outbreak-prone areas. Although routine surveillance is crucial for malaria control and elimination efforts, its limitations can obscure early warning signals, particularly in geographically isolated areas. Objective: This study aimed to analyze malaria epidemiology by integrating routine surveillance data from endemic primary health care settings with results from high-mortality outbreak investigations in remote highland districts in Indonesia, focusing on temporal trends, spatial clustering, Plasmodium species patterns, diagnostic gaps, and mortality. Methods: A mixed epidemiology approach was used. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of routine malaria surveillance data was conducted for the period 2023–2025 in endemic settings, while a cross-sectoral outbreak investigation was conducted in remote highland districts. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess trends, demographic characteristics, species distribution, spatial heterogeneity, case detection methods, and outbreak-related mortality. Results: Routine surveillance data revealed fluctuations in malaria transmission, with a significant decline in cases in 2024 followed by a sharp increase in 2025. Conversely, outbreak investigations documented high case fatality rates, particularly affecting children and older adults, caused by delayed diagnosis, limited diagnostic capacity, and limited access to timely treatment. Conclusions: These results highlight the dynamic and context-dependent nature of malaria epidemiology in Indonesia. Integrating routine surveillance with outbreak investigations provides a comprehensive understanding of endemic trends and systemic vulnerabilities. Strengthening adaptive surveillance, improving diagnostic capacity, and implementing spatially targeted interventions are crucial for preventing outbreaks and reducing malaria-related mortality, particularly in remote and high-risk areas.

Malaria remains a significant public health problem in several endemic areas in Indonesia. Understanding temporal and epidemiological changes at the local level is crucial for effective malaria control and elimination. This study aims to analyze changes in malaria epidemiological patterns based on routine surveillance data at the Yaro Community Health Center, Indonesia, during the period 2023–2025. This is a retrospective, longitudinal descriptive study using routine malaria surveillance data. Variables analyzed include temporal trends, Plasmodium species distribution, demographic characteristics, spatial distribution, and case-finding strategies. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and proportions. A total of 9,677 malaria examinations were recorded, with 546 confirmed cases. Malaria cases showed a significant increase in 2025. Plasmodium vivax was the most dominant species, with a steadily increasing proportion of mixed infections. Adults aged 15–64 years and men were the most affected groups. Spatial analysis showed regional heterogeneity with persistent hotspots at the village level. Passive case detection remains the primary method, while active surveillance is increasingly contributing to case identification. Malaria epidemiology in the Yaro region exhibits dynamic temporal, demographic, and spatial patterns. Strengthening integrated surveillance and targeted interventions is essential to address persistent transmission and support malaria elimination efforts.

The rapid development of digital technology and its increasing number of users have led to increased use of online games among adolescents. A frequently encountered behavioral problem is aggressive behavior resulting from online gaming. The research method used was a literature review by examining various previous research articles relevant to the research topic. The sources used were scientific journals discussing aggressive behavior due to online gaming in adolescents. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively to obtain an overview of the level of tendency for aggressive behavior to emerge, which is influenced by the intensity of online gaming. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between aggressive behavior and the intensity of online gaming. Therefore, the implication is that guidance and counseling should not only focus on behavioral management but also efforts to detect early and prevent it through assessment, early screening of risky behavior, information services, psychoeducation on digital literacy, play time management, and emotional management. Collaboration between guidance counselors, teachers, and parents is crucial in integrating students' behavioral development sustainably, so that guidance and counseling services become a system that plays a role in reducing the risk of aggressive behavior due to online gaming in adolescents.

The Work Practice Program (KKP) is an academic activity aimed at providing students with real work experience while connecting the theories learned in campus with practical application in the field. This study was conducted at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of Serang City, focusing on analyzing the implementation of partnership facilitation, investment achievements, encountered challenges, and efforts to enhance the effectiveness of investment activities. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through observation and interviews. The results indicate that partnership facilitation has been effective in strengthening cooperation between large businesses and SMEs, as well as supporting regional investment realization. However, some challenges remain, such as limited understanding, data access, and coordination. Efforts to overcome these challenges include improving communication, task comprehension, discipline, and continuous evaluation. This activity plays a crucial role in creating a conducive investment climate, promoting economic growth, and enhancing students’ competencies in facing the workforce.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy of Betet Rice at Toko Cendrawasi Fakfak. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods including field research, interviews with managers and employees, observations on sales data management, and documentation. The data were analyzed using marketing mix analysis and SWOT analysis. The results show that Betet Rice is distributed directly to customers through Toko Cendrawasi Fakfak, which acts as a distributor of the product. Toko Cendrawasi has made efforts to provide significant market access for Betet Rice marketing, with products and prices adjusted to customer desires and purchasing power. The marketing strategy used involves the marketing mix of product, price, promotion, and distribution, which has led to an increase in demand for Betet Rice every year. Based on the SWOT analysis, the marketing strategy implemented includes strengths in strong financial conditions and a fleet of ships, weaknesses in the lack of attention to key marketing elements, opportunities in market analysis and customer segmentation, and threats from increasing competition and globalization of competitors offering similar products.

This study aims to analyze efforts to improve the disciplinary performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Sorong City Regional Secretariat through the approach of apparatus compliance, internal supervision, enforcement of disciplinary sanctions, and organizational work culture. The research uses a mixed methods method, namely a quantitative approach through the dissemination of a Likert scale questionnaire analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation, as well as a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with the Regional Secretary, Head of the Inspectorate, Head of BKPSDM, Head of Organization and Administration, and Head of the People's Welfare Section. The study's results show that organizational work culture and internal supervision are positively related to apparatus compliance. At the same time, the enforcement of disciplinary sanctions plays a supporting role in maintaining the consistency of ASN discipline. Qualitative findings reinforce that leadership examples, employee development, and technology-based monitoring systems are important factors in improving apparatus discipline. The study's implications indicate that improving ASN discipline requires an integrated approach that strengthens the supervision system, fosters employee development, and develops an organizational work culture oriented towards public services. The study's limitation is in the narrow scope of respondents in the Sorong City Regional Secretariat; therefore, further research is recommended to include more regional apparatus and employ more comprehensive statistical analysis to yield deeper results.

The Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesma) plays an important role in empowering the local community's economy. BUMDesma "Bumi Artha Mandiri LKD" in Kemujan Village runs a revolving loan program to meet the capital needs of the community, particularly for micro-business actors. This study aims to describe the structure, procedures, and performance of the accounting system applied to the program, as well as to identify obstacles and efforts for improvement. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection through direct observation, interviews with BUMDesma managers and borrower members, and financial document analysis. The results show that the running accounting system includes modules for member registration, lending, payments, and financial reports with recording procedures in accordance with basic accounting principles. The advantages of this system include high transparency and adequate risk control, but it still faces challenges such as limited technology, management capacity, and availability of accurate data. Planned improvements include the adoption of information technology, continuous training, and enhanced cooperation with the community. The study concludes that the existing accounting system has made a positive contribution, but it needs to be strengthened to support the sustainability of the revolving loan program and the economic empowerment of the village.

Consumers are divided into three categories: initial consumers, middle consumers, and end consumers. These three types of consumers certainly have the right to protection, but end consumers as users need to receive more attention to protection, especially in the buying and selling process. This study uses a sociolegal approach with a purposive sampling method to examine the selling process. In addition, this study also examines how protection for end consumers is implemented in LPG buying and selling activities in Balikpapan Tengah District. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of protection efforts and the impact of not implementing protection properly in Balikpapan Tengah District, a densely populated area. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of consumer protection efforts in the buying and selling of subsidized LPG, as well as providing insight into the consequences that can be received by end consumers and their handling in the future.

This research focuses on examining the relationship between environmental accounting practices and firm value creation, considering the role of profitability as an intermediary mechanism. The study was conducted on companies in the basic and chemical industry subsectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Green Accounting in this study is represented through environmental cost disclosure, while firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), and profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). The analysis used a panel data regression approach, complemented by a mediation test using the Sobel test. Empirical results indicate that the implementation of Green Accounting has not had a significant impact on profitability or firm value. Conversely, profitability has been shown to have a positive and significant relationship with firm value. Furthermore, the mediation test indicates that profitability plays no role in channeling the influence of Green Accounting on firm value. These findings lead to the interpretation that Green Accounting practices in the studied sectors still reflect regulatory compliance and efforts to gain social legitimacy rather than a strategy to increase short-term economic value.

Drug abuse (NAPZA) has become a serious threat among students and poses significant risks to their physical health, psychological well-being, and future development. Therefore, preventive efforts through structured education and mentoring programs are essential. This community service activity aims to describe the process and outcomes of a drug abuse prevention mentoring program conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Bulu, Temanggung. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of four stages: coordination with the school, educational socialization on the dangers of drugs, follow-up activities through discussions and student reflections, and evaluation to measure students’ understanding. The educational sessions were delivered using interactive lectures, question-and-answer methods, and visual learning media to enhance students’ engagement and comprehension. The results indicate an increase in students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the types, impacts, and prevention strategies of drug abuse. Moreover, students demonstrated more positive attitudes and a stronger commitment to avoiding drugs as a form of self-protection for their health and future. This program is expected to serve as a school-based preventive education model to reduce drug abuse among students through collaboration between teachers, schools, and the wider community.