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The low activity of students in biology learning is the main challenge in efforts to improve the quality of science learning in secondary schools. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the Project Based Learning learning model in increasing student activity and learning outcomes in respiratory system materials at SMA Negeri 2 Langowan. This research is a Class Action Research that is carried out in two cycles, each of which includes stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 13 students in grade XI. The instruments used include student activity observation sheets and the final test of the cycle based on description questions. The results showed that in the first cycle, only 38.46% of students achieved learning completeness with an average score of 60. However, after improving the strategy in cycle II through active mentoring, learning motivation, and strengthening group work, completeness increased to 92.30% with an average score of 84.69. These findings indicate that the Project Based Learning learning model is able to build student activeness through contextual, collaborative, and hands-on experience-based learning. The increase in activeness is reflected not only in test results, but also in students' active participation in discussions, group presentations, and project completion. The implications of this study show that Project Based Learning is feasible to be implemented as an innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of student interaction and engagement in biology learning on an ongoing basis.

This research aims to determine the influence of organizational commitment, organizational culture and job satisfaction on the performance of Grand Rocky Bukittinggi hotel employees. The research used is a sampling technique using an associative approach in the form of a causal relationship of quantitative descriptive type. In collecting data, the technique used was distributing questionnaires to 99 respondents whose validity and reliability had been tested using a Likert scale. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The techniques used in analyzing the data are data description, testing analysis requirements through normality, heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity tests assisted by SPSS v.25. The results of this research are that Organizational Commitment is classified in the sufficient category through a respondent achievement level of 3.22%, for Organizational Culture it is classified in the sufficient category through a respondent achievement level of 3.35%, then for Job Satisfaction it is classified in the sufficient category through a respondent achievement level of 3, 13%, and employee performance is in the sufficient category with a respondent achievement level of 3.35%. The contribution of Organizational Commitment (X1), Organizational Culture (X2) Job Satisfaction (X3) and Employee Performance (Y) is 13.5% while the remaining 86.5% is influenced by other factors.

Prison, is an institution whose existence is inseparable from law enforcement in Indonesia. Unlike prisons, Rutan functions as a temporary detention place for suspects or defendants who are undergoing the trial process.  Currently, almost all prisons and prisons in Indonesia are experiencing an overcrowding crisis  with an overcrowding rate. 92%. This condition is like a time bomb ready to explode. Extreme overcrowding in prisons and prisons has various negative impacts. Overcrowding in  correctional facilities and prisons is a serious problem that must be overcome immediately. The impact is not only on the health and safety of residents, but also on the effectiveness of coaching and the state budget. This study aims to find out and discuss the impact  of overcrowding on class IIB state prison inmates in Ruteng Regency. This research is an empirical legal research or empirical juridical research supported  by a statuecause  approach using primary data and secondary data collected using observation, documentation and interview techniques conducted with 33 informants. The data obtained was processed using editing techniques, data classification, data verification and description after which it was analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study showed that (1) Overcrowding in Ruteng Class IIB Prison was caused by several interrelated factors. First, the limited capacity of Ruteng Detention Center. Second, the crime rate has increased in three districts. Third, the penal policy is not yet effective. Fourth, the low legal awareness of the public also plays a role in the increase in crime rates. (2) Overcrowding in Ruteng Class IIB Prison has a significant impact on inmates, especially in fulfilling their rights including the right to inmate health, the right to security, and the right to rehabilitation. Social coaching and reintegration programs cannot run effectively due to limited resources and space.

Women in the village government in Wewiku District, Malaka Regency in 2013, the number of Lamea Village officials is more dominant than Seserai, Lorotolus and Alkani villages. Therefore, the main problem raised in this study is to find out why the number of women in the Lamea Village government structure is more dominant than other villages and how the leadership patterns of female village heads and village officials are in organizing village government in Lamea Village, Wewiku District. The method used in this study is a qualitative description using a descriptive case study method. The results of the study indicate that the reason for the dominance of women in the government structure in Lamea Village is because female leaders have high intelligence, have a vision and mission and are able to communicate the vision and mission well, and have high communication skills. In addition, the myth that women are not able to lead, therefore it is necessary to empower women, fight for gender equality, a balanced division of roles and functions between men and women, feel more comfortable and compatible with women. While in the pattern of female leadership, not everything is running optimally. Other findings from this study are: the concept of listening from ema tetun is hanono, rona malu, loke tilun no neon laran hodi rona sasa maak ema dale mai ita. The approaches used are hamata, kalalan and mon metan. The concept of empathy according to ema tetun is nu'u dar, nu'u kmesak, hanesan, manesak which means feeling the same fate and suffering. The approaches used are haklaran malu, hanoin malu, hadomi malu, sudi hamutu. The concept of the ability to serve according to ema tetun is haliku. The approaches used are tu'an malu, tulun malu, hakneter haktaek. The symbols used are tanasak, kabir, tais feto and tais mane. The concept of commitment to human growth according to ema tetun is neon metin. The approaches used are meno malu and hala'ok. The concept of building humans according to ema tetun is hader renu, foti renu. The approaches used are karian hamutu and hakawak

This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of Indonesian culture in Fiersa Besari's novel Arah Langkah using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. This novel presents the narrative of the journey of the novel's characters who discover the diversity of Indonesian culture through geographical descriptions, customs, and social interactions that occur. Using descriptive qualitative methods and literature studies, the study examines the cultural signs that appear in the text in depth at the level of denotative, connotative, and cultural myth meanings. Barthes' approach allows the disclosure of layers of symbolic and ideological meanings hidden in the novel's cultural representation. The results of the analysis are expected to enrich literary and cultural studies, increase readers' appreciation of Indonesian cultural values, and contribute to the preservation of the nation's cultural identity amidst the flow of globalization. This study also emphasizes the role of the novel as a medium for reflecting socio-cultural life and a means of learning life values through the experiences of characters in the story.

This study aims to obtain an overview of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices at the Fisheries Service of Gorontalo Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that planning is carried out through a recruitment process that includes identifying needs, preparing job descriptions, and the orientation process for new employees. In terms of organization, service digitalization is applied to accelerate administration, increasing HR capacity through training, and involving the community in fisheries policies, which have been proven to increase service efficiency by up to 80%. However, implementation has not been optimal due to limited time, resources, communication constraints, and budget constraints. Work supervision involves leaders, supervisory positions, and other relevant parties, with leaders playing a central role in ensuring employee performance. Motivation is provided by providing opportunities for skill development and rewards for performance. Performance evaluations are carried out periodically to measure the achievement of organizational targets and goals. These findings provide important insights into efforts to improve the quality of human resource management in the public service sector.

 Chronic pain is pain that persistent and will continue beyond the proper healing time, there are two time points used in daily practice, namely 3 months and 6 months after the first injury. Sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive neurons and central underlying the process of transition from acute pain to chronic pain. There are several factors that influence the increasing incidence of postoperative chronic pain including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Untreated acute postoperative pain also increases the risk of increasing chronic postoperative pain. In Asia, the prevalence of chronic pain varies widely, between 7% in Malaysia to 60% in Cambodia. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain in adults is reported to be around 20% in developed countries. The incidence includes all ages with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postoperative chronic pain in outpatients in the surgical polyclinic and obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic at RSU Medan. The type of research used in this study was Observational with a Cross Sectional method approach. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that ages 26-35 years experienced the most chronic pain, namely as much as 29.8% and women experienced more chronic pain compared to men. Based on this study it was found that the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain intensity as many as 36 respondents (63.2%). There were descriptions of characteristics that were mostly 26-35 years old.

This study aims to determine the description of job satisfaction in terms of leadership style. The research informants were 5 ASN from the Regional Civil Service Agency. This type of research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The data collection technique in this study used a semi-structured interview method and previous study literature. The results of the study found a democratic leadership style that could make some ASN feel satisfied. There are several factors that influence it, such as decision making. Therefore, an adaptive, empathetic leadership style that involves employees plays an important role in increasing job satisfaction.

The characteristics and character of an entrepreneur play a significant role in the success of the business being run. Entrepreneurs often have traits such as courage, creativity, and intensity that allow them to experience various challenges in the business world. Not only that, the ability to take calculated risks and adapt to market changes is also a key aspect in their expedition as entrepreneurs. This trait not only influences business decisions but also contributes to their individual and professional growth. Entrepreneurial character is often indicated by an orientation towards achievement and great internal motivation. They tend to have a clear vision and are able to formulate long-term goals for their business. Not only that, the ability to build networks and establish good relationships with various parties, such as customers, partners, and employees, is also an important aspect of an entrepreneur's character. This helps them in generating new opportunities and maintaining business continuity. In the context of economic growth, a description of the characteristics and character of entrepreneurs is very important for encouraging innovation and business development. By identifying these traits, aspiring entrepreneurs can improve themselves and better prepare themselves to face the challenges that exist. In addition, support from areas such as learning and training can also help hone the personality and character needed to succeed in the world of entrepreneurship.

Job analysis serves as a strategic instrument in human resource management (HRM), forming the basis for organizational structure design, job descriptions and specifications, and supporting employee evaluation and development processes. This study employs a literature review approach involving 50 articles, narrowed down to 5 core sources to explore the critical role of job analysis. Findings indicate that job analysis not only enhances employee performance and job satisfaction, but also supports optimal placement based on competencies and personality profiles such as the DISC approach. Job analysis has proven effective in the education sector and holds broader potential for implementation across various industries.

The problem in this study is the ability of the control object of students at Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar which is still relatively low, this is thought to be caused by many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of the control object ability of students at Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar. This type of research is descriptive which aims to reveal how the description of the basic movement skills of the control object in students at Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar during the research period from November to January 2025. The place of this research was at Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar. The population in this study were all students at Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar totaling 159 people. The sampling in this study used the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique, so that the sample in this study amounted to 32 people. The data collection technique was using the 2nd edition of the Test Of Gross Motor Development or TGMD-2. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research that the researcher has conducted, it can be concluded that the Control Object Ability Profile of Students Aged 7-9 Years at State Elementary School 14 Limo Kaum Batusangkar has an average of 16.19 or 31% who have object control abilities or are in the "less" classification.

In ever-evolving era of e-commerce, the Cash on Delivery (COD) Check First feature implemented by Shopee provides a practical solution for consumers who want to ensure security while shopping online. This feature allows buyers to inspect the condition of the product directly before deciding to make a payment. With this feature, consumers can verify that the item received matches the description listed on the platform, thus reducing the risk of fraud or product discrepancies. The transaction security offered through this system is one of the key aspects in increasing consumer trust in e-commerce platforms. This research aims to examine how the COD Check First feature provides additional protection for consumers in e-commerce transactions, particularly concerning the potential risks of fraud or product discrepancies that are common in online trade. This feature gives buyers more control to ensure that the received goods meet their expectations and the product description. Therefore, COD Check First not only facilitates the transaction process but also strengthens consumer protection, making it a relevant mechanism to minimize buyer dissatisfaction in e-commerce, especially in Indonesia.

Physical impairment is a condition of being damaged or disturbed as a result of deformity or obstacles to the bones, muscles and joints in their normal function. This condition can be caused by disease, accident, or can also be caused by a congenital condition that results in total disability. Physical impairment can also be interpreted as a form of abnormality or disability in the muscle, bone, joint and nervous system caused by disease, viruses and accidents that occur before birth, at birth and after birth. The aim of this research is to find out how adult men with disabilities can accept themselves in Manduamas sub-district. This research uses a qualitative description method. The population of this study was 4 adult men with disabilities. In an effort to provide assistance to adult men with physical impairments, researchers provide assistance with problematic aspects, namely, physical aspects, psychological aspects, social aspects and spiritual aspects. In an effort to provide pastoral counseling assistance using the Cilent Center approach to adult men with disabilities who cannot accept themselves, there are several approaches taken by the assistant, namely, listening, reflecting, explaining, and being fully present. From the research results, pastoral counseling with a client-centered approach can help adult men with disabilities accept themselves.

This research aims to describe the role of the receptionist in carrying out their duties and responsibilities at Lanta Nice Beach Resort, Thailand, and to analyze the challenges faced during work, especially during the high season. The receptionist plays a vital role as the resort's frontliner, responsible not only for check-in and check-out services but also for handling reservations, promoting events, managing daily financial administration, and assisting with various other tasks beyond the core job description. Based on direct observation and interviews with the management, it was found that a limited number of staff is one of the main challenges, resulting in a high workload for the receptionist. This study also identifies five key strategies to face these challenges: multitasking ability, effective time management, strong interpersonal communication, mastery of reservation systems, and proactive guest service and event promotion. The findings of this research are expected to provide real insights into the dynamics of working in the hospitality industry, particularly in the front office department of a resort.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by phase B learners in primary schools in the skill of writing description essays. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation and in-depth interviews with 20 learners. The results of the analysis showed that the difficulties in writing description essays resulted from several factors, including a lack of understanding of text structure, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of motivation to learn. In addition, environmental factors such as support from parents and teachers also affect students' writing ability. This research is expected to provide insights for teachers and related parties in improving description essay writing skills so that students can develop optimally.

Suicide is an act committed by individuals against themselves. This study aims to investigate the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in preventing suicide among young people. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study approach, where data is collected through analysis and description of information from various sources, including books and journal articles. The results of the study show that CRE contributes to preventing suicide through the formation of identity and meaning in life. By emphasizing Christian values and biblical knowledge, CRE helps teenagers find meaning in life and strengthen their faith. Through engaging teaching methods, CRE empowers youth to appreciate themselves and face life's challenges with a positive attitude. Additionally, social community support integrated within CRE is vital for the mental health of adolescents, creating a safe and supportive environment. Mental health and spirituality are interrelated, with CRE playing a role in developing spiritual maturity and providing a strong moral foundation. Thus, young people can maintain their mental and spiritual health and find hope amid difficulties.

Chronic pain is pain that persistent and will continue beyond the proper healing time, there are two time points used in daily practice, namely 3 months and 6 months after the first injury. Sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive neurons and central underlying the process of transition from acute pain to chronic pain. There are several factors that influence the increasing incidence of postoperative chronic pain including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Untreated acute postoperative pain also increases the risk of increasing chronic postoperative pain. In Asia, the prevalence of chronic pain varies widely, between 7% in Malaysia to 60% in Cambodia. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain in adults is reported to be around 20% in developed countries. The incidence includes all ages with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postoperative chronic pain in outpatients in the surgical polyclinic and obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic at RSU Medan. The type of research used in this study was Observational with a Cross Sectional method approach. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that ages 26-35 years experienced the most chronic pain, namely as much as 29.8% and women experienced more chronic pain compared to men. Based on this study it was found that the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain intensity as many as 36 respondents (63.2%). There were descriptions of characteristics that were mostly 26-35 years old.

This study aims to analyze the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City in carrying out daily administrative tasks as well as socialization activities with the community. The performance measurement method used refers to the four dimensions of employee performance proposed by Mangkunegara (2004), namely quality of work, discipline in work, initiative, and responsibility. Through observation and interviews, it was found that several obstacles hindered the performance of employees, such as lack of discipline in working hours, mismatch between job descriptions and tasks performed, and low supervision and enforcement of sanctions for violations. Nevertheless, there were good initiatives from some employees and a fairly high level of awareness of their responsibilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended to make improvements in time management, increase supervision and enforcement of discipline, provide training to enhance initiative, and solidify job descriptions to optimize employee performance. It is hoped that with the implementation of these recommendations, the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City can be significantly improved.

This study uses a qualitative method to provide an in-depth description of the strategic role of village funds within the State Budget (APBN) in improving the welfare of rural communities. Village funds allocated by the central government aim to accelerate development, reduce regional disparities, and strengthen economic independence at the village level. This research examines the mechanisms of distribution, management, and utilization of village funds and relates them to welfare indicators such as income, access to basic services, and economic empowerment. The results show that when managed transparently, accountably, and with community participation, village funds can improve quality of life through infrastructure development, better education and health services, and the growth of micro and small enterprises. However, challenges such as weak capacity of village officials, corruption practices, and lack of supervision remain obstacles that must be addressed. Therefore, synergy between central and regional governments and the community is key to the successful implementation of village funds.    

Islam after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW experienced a golden age. The peak of this glory was not seen from the size of its territory, but from the progress of various sectors such as art, culture, building architecture, and education. All of this success was achieved during the Abbasid Dynasty. This dynasty was different from the previous empire, namely the Umayyad, which focused more on expanding the territory of da'wah. In this short and simple article, the development of art, especially architecture, during the Abbasid Dynasty is discussed, which is one indicator of the progress of the Baghdad Caliphate. Architecture is the work of an architect designed to build spaces in a building with certain functions and purposes. The royal palace building is an architectural design that is formed according to the development of the times and contains certain meanings in each of its arrangements. This article aims to explain the architectural style of the Abbasid Caliphate palace, including its types and the influence of other architectural styles in its construction. The method used is a literature study (library research) by collecting data from various relevant literature. The results of this writing are expected to provide a general description of the characteristics of palace architecture during the Abbasid Dynasty.