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This article discusses Education in Indonesia during the Japanese Occupation. The purpose of this paper is to describe the influence of the Japanese occupation on education in Indonesia. This paper is the result of a historical study using heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography steps. During the Indonesian occupation, Japan carried out several educational policies, namely cultivating Japanese culture, reforming the education system, policies on curriculum and policies to Islamic education. So that during the colonial period, Japan had implemented policies in the field of education which had implications for various types and levels of education in Indonesia.

The background of this research is to analyze the character of Sukat using analysis of Sigmund Freud's literary psychology theory, the aim is to find out the causes of the character Sukat experiencing disturbances in his personality, and also to find out the alleged disturbance that occurred to the character Sukat in the performance of the Play Written Later by Bode Riswandi. The method used is a qualitative method. The technique used in this study is data collection techniques. Data collection techniques used are reading techniques and note-taking techniques. From this analysis it is concluded that the character Sukat has a feeling of revenge from a dark past, the reason Sukat did the heinous thing to Dahlia was because of what happened at that time. Sukat's younger sister was sold by her father as a gambling bet and many of her gambling friends felt that her younger sister had committed suicide before leaving school. It was this feeling of revenge that made Sukat dark and his eyes darkened and he thought that every girl should feel what her sister had experienced.

The study titled "The Complex Interplay of Segmental and Suprasegmental Features in English Phonology: An Advanced Study" delves into the intricate relationships between the segmental (phonemes) and suprasegmental (prosody) elements of English phonology. Utilizing a multifaceted methodological approach, including acoustic analysis, perception experiments, corpus studies, and computer simulations, the research reveals how stress, intonation, and rhythm systematically influence the acoustic properties of vowels and consonants. Acoustic data analysis indicates that stressed syllables have higher pitch, greater intensity, and distinct formant frequencies, enhancing their perceptual salience. Perception experiments demonstrate that listeners heavily rely on prosodic cues to interpret meaning and resolve ambiguities in speech. Corpus studies highlight significant regional and contextual variations in the use of suprasegmental features, underscoring the phonological diversity within English dialects. Computer simulations using autosegmental-metrical models provide a theoretical framework that supports the hierarchical nature of phonological representations, where suprasegmental features modulate segmental structures. Interviews with native speakers and experts emphasize the practical importance of integrating segmental and suprasegmental analyses for comprehensive linguistic understanding and effective communication.

This research aims to not only make students skilled in mathematics but also provide provisions for its application in everyday life. Mathematics learning needs to use concrete objects to help students understand mathematical concepts according to the stage of student learning development, namely at the concrete operational stage. Addition and subtraction of numbers is one of the subjects of mathematics. Students often have difficulty learning addition material using saving techniques and subtraction using borrowing techniques. The use of learning media in the form of concrete objects is very helpful in learning the material of adding and subtracting numbers. One of the learning media that can be used is the decanomial bead bar box. This media is a Montessori-based media. This research aims to describe the implementation of decanomial bead bar box media for addition and subtraction of numbers in class II students at SDN Jati 03 and to describe student learning outcomes in the implementation of decanomial bead bar box media for addition and subtraction of numbers in class II students at SDN Jati 03.

Bullying in elementary schools has become an increasingly serious problem in recent years. Bullying behaviors, such as physical, verbal and psychological abuse, can have a significant negative impact on children's development. This study aims to identify the factors that cause bullying in elementary schools and evaluate effective prevention and treatment strategies. The research method used is library research, which is a research method by collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literatures related to the research. The results showed that the factors causing bullying in elementary schools include: lack of supervision and intervention from the school, peer influence, and unfavorable family conditions. To overcome the problem of bullying, a comprehensive effort is needed that involves all elements of the school, family and community. Some recommended strategies are: increasing the capacity of teachers in handling bullying cases, developing anti-bullying programs that are integrated in the school curriculum, and empowering parents and communities to play an active role in preventing and dealing with bullying.

This research aims to find out how classical music influences the level of mathematics anxiety of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. Second, what is the impact of classical music on the mathematics learning achievement of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. The research subjects were class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul with a total of 17 students. The type of research used is quantitative research supported by a qualitative approach. The research instruments used in the research were questionnaires, ability tests, and observations. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the research show that classical music has an effect on reducing the level of mathematics anxiety of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. Then classical music had an impact on improving the mathematics learning achievement of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul.  

This research examines the influence of habitus on the lifestyle and social identity of Jakarta State University students through Pierre Bourdieu's perspective. Habitus, as a set of internal dispositions resulting from interactions with social structures, plays an important role in shaping individuals' mindsets, values and preferences. This research focuses on how factors such as socio-economic background, family education, friendship experiences, and interactions with peers and lecturers influence the formation of students' habitus. Furthermore, it explores how habitus influences lifestyles, including consumption patterns and cultural preferences, as well as social identities that shape students' self-perceptions within the context of a particular social group. Through a qualitative approach, this study aims to understand the relationship between habitus, lifestyle, and social identity of students, as well as the implications of these findings for the development of educational policies in the campus environment.

The 21st century can be said to be a century of change and progress in various fields. This article aims to examine the potential of environmental awareness and concern into 21st century education.  Environmental awareness is the awareness that a person has in protecting the environment, this environmental awareness is reflected through attitudes and responsibilities in protecting the environment. In its application, it is inseparable from various challenges such as the value of good environmental awarness.

Every existing religion has procedures, systems, practices, rituals and rules that must be followed by its adherents. This article describes the opinions of experts regarding religion and Dale Cannon's ideas about the six main ways of being religious as written in his book Six Ways of Being Religious. These six ways can be found in almost every existing religion, the six ways are as follows: The Way of Scared Rite, The Way of Right Action, The Way of Devotion , The Way of Shamanic Meditation, The Way of Mystical Quest, The Way of Reasoned Inquiry.  

One form of understanding the values contained in Pancasila and also implementation by socialization. By giving direction and understanding as well as implementation to students about Pancasila. The activity of writing this journal aims to provide a further understanding of what Pancasila is, what is its function and position and what values are contained in their precepts and how they apply in everyday life. The author conducts a series of socialization to middle, high school students, and students by asking them to what extent they know about Pancasila. Based on the socialization activities it was found that some students understood the importance of Pancasila. Meanwhile, related to the use of media, some students expressed their understanding in understanding Pancasila. This shows that the use of media through socialization activities can increase the understanding of Pancasila. Therefore, it is important for education to be able to develop learning media, especially for Pancasila education.

The quality of human resources is a crucial foundation for improving the standard of living and the welfare of society. One indicator of human resource quality is the average level of education completed, and Indonesia has a low education level. The Blitar Regency Government is committed to addressing this issue by providing educational assistance in accordance with Blitar Regent Regulation Number 149 of 2022. This study aims to understand the process of implementing the educational assistance program policy and the factors influencing it, using the Van Meter and Van Horn model. The research was conducted at the Secretariat of Blitar Regency using a qualitative method through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the program implementation aligns with the policy, although there are obstacles in the variables of resources and inter-organizational communication. The main supporting factors are clear objectives and the commitment of the implementing agents.

E-retribution in Blitar Regency replaces the manual method with electronic payment for market retribution. The use of the E-retribution system is still low, with only 10% of traders. This study aims to determine the policy implementation process, including communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors based on Van Meter and Van Horn's theory. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, with primary data from interviews and observations, and secondary data from relevant documents. The results of this study show that the e-retribution policy has been implemented well, as evidenced by four factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure being fulfilled. The supporting factors for the success of e-retribution are legal foundations and the insufficient revenue needs, while the inhibiting factors are inadequate infrastructure, lack of trader awareness, and outdated data on active traders in the market.

Working students often face various challenges in their studies, such as limited time and fatigue. This study aims to understand the learning strategies of Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) students who are actively working in overcoming learning challenges. This study was conducted using a qualitative method through interviews with 20 UPI students who are actively working. The results of the study show that working students face two main challenges: limited time and fatigue. To overcome these challenges, they use various strategies such as time management, prioritizing tasks, and utilizing assistive tools. This study has implications for universities and working students. For universities, it is important to provide support for working students, such as special attention, tuition fee reductions, and time management and learning strategy training. For working students, the strategies presented in this study can help them achieve success in their studies and work.

The main problem in this research is the lack of vocabulary mastery in class IV students at UPTD SD Negeri 32 Barru Regency. This research aims to determine the relationship between vocabulary mastery and the ability to write narrative essays in class IV UPTD students at SD Negeri 32 Barru Regency. This type of research is correlational research and is a quantitative type of research. The sample in this study was 30 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using student learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique in this research is parametric statistics. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that students' vocabulary mastery and their ability to write narrative essays had a very strong correlation, namely 0.815. rcount = 0.815 and rtable. The results of the analysis show that the value of rcount is greater than rtable (0.815 > 0.361). Based on the results of rcount and rabel, it can be stated that the alternative hypothesis H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected or it can be concluded that based on the achievement of the correlation test significance level Product moment shows that there is a relationship between vocabulary mastery and the ability to write narrative essays in class IV students at UPTD SD Negeri 32 Barru.

Beginning reading difficulties are a common problem faced by elementary school-aged children in the process of learning to read. This article explores various strategies and approaches that can be used to overcome reading difficulties in the early stages of learning. By introducing appropriate interventions, implementing a variety of teaching methods, and providing the right support, elementary school-aged children can develop strong reading skills from an early age.

This research aims to produce an LKPD product with a realistic mathematical approach that is valid, practical and effective for improving students' mathematical communication skills. This research and development is based on the stages of the 4D development model by Thiagarajan which was adapted to 3D including the definition, design and development stages. The subjects in this research were the X-Mipa 1 class of SMAN 2 Kabanjahe, totaling 30 people. Based on the research conducted, the validity of the LKPD obtained an average assessment of 89.47% by material experts and 88.15% by media experts with very valid qualifications. Through a questionnaire on the practicality of LKPD by teachers and students, an average of 90.27% was obtained by teachers and 92.12% by students with very practical qualifications. The implementation of learning by applying LKPD with RME was carried out to see the effectiveness of LKPD in obtaining results, namely achieving classical learning completeness. 86.67%, achievement of learning objectives was achieved in questions 1,2,3,4 and 5 and achievement of efficient learning time, from the effectiveness assessment reference, the LKPD developed was classified as effective. The increase in mathematical communication skills that occurred was an increase in the moderate category with an average gain score of 0.632. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the LKPD with RME that was developed met the qualifications of being valid, practical and effective.

In the era of globalization, technology is developing rapidly, especially in the field of communication media, making the world feel more connected. Internet media, as a rapidly developing communication medium, has penetrated into various levels of society, becoming a necessity in daily activities. Social media networks such as Twitter, Facebook, SMS, BBM, Line, and WhatsApp (WA) have become the main means of delivering various information services. Through this social media network, public communication becomes easier and faster, creating a high level of usage among the public. WhatsApp (WA), as a popular social media service, is used effectively to share information both privately and publicly, not only by teenagers but also by adults. One of them is a WA group which is formed based on needs. For example, the Independent Student Exchange 3 (PMM3) group. Research on code mixing in the use of Indonesian on WhatsApp social media is based on Applied Sociolinguistic Theory.

Researchers often find that there are students' error' in using passive on writing texts. Applying proper grammar in writing recount text is usually a problem for students. The purpose of this study was to clasify the errors and the causes of English Literature students in using passive voice on their recount text writings at Pamulang University. Qualitative descriptive method was used to approach the data. The population in this study are about 200, third semester students of Unpam English Literature Department. Researchers take 20 students to represent the population sample with purposive sampling technique. The instrument is students’ recount texts. Researchers ask students to write down their unique experiences. Researchers collect data, identify data, classify passive voice errors and explain the causes of students’s errors in using passive voice on recount text. Students’ errors are classified into four categories based on the types of errors, they are omission errors, addition errors, misformation errors, and misordering errors. After finishing this research, researchers are expected to enrich lecturer and student knowledge and improve students' ability in useing passive sentences in writing recount text, and to find out the types and the causes of students' errors in using passive sentences in writing recount texts.

This research is entitled "English Teachers' Perceptions of Independent Learning Curriculum Development". This aims to find out and understand teachers' perceptions of the current development of the independent curriculum and also whether there are any obstacles from both teachers and students, as well as what their hopes are for the future curriculum. This study uses a qualitative method. By interviewing several English teachers and there is some data related to the teachers who have been interviewed, I can conclude that the development of the independent curriculum has been quite helpful in several aspects, but teachers cannot give one hundred percent in implementing the independent curriculum at this time because the current curriculum is still just being implemented.  

Interpersonal perception has undergone a significant transformation in the digital era, especially through the influence of social media. The presence of social media has now influenced the way individuals understand, interact, and form interpersonal relationships. The writing in this journal uses descriptive qualitative research methods, namely research conducted to examine an object, a condition, a group of people, or other phenomena with natural or real conditions (without experimental situations) to create a systematic overview or detailed description that is factual and accurate. This research is a study intended to describe and analyze phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions or thoughts of people individually or in groups through observation and literature study so that a complete picture of an event can be presented which is intended to expose and clarify a phenomenon that occurs. From the discussion of interpersonal perceptions that occur due to social media in this digital era, it can be related to several theories of communication psychology, namely informative theory and behaviorism theory.