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Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Power of Two cooperative learning model on students' thinking skills in the Fikih material at MI Nurul Yaqin Donoyudan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that refers to literature observations, observations, and documentation. The Power of Two model is applied by forming small groups of two students who discuss the material being studied before sharing their understanding with other groups. This strategy is designed to encourage active interaction, increase self-confidence, and deepen understanding of the material. During the learning process, researchers observed an increase in collaboration between students and their ability to express opinions and understand Fikih concepts. The results of the study indicate that the application of this model can improve students' thinking skills, both in cognitive and affective aspects, which are marked by an increase in the quality of discussions, understanding of concepts, and active participation in learning activities.

The low learning outcomes of students encourage teachers to try to improve the learning process in the classroom. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes by implementing the Jigsaw method assisted by Canva in fiqh learning in class VI A MI PUI Cicalung. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR), which is carried out in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection methods used in this study are observation, testing, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, which were then presented in narrative and graphic form. The results of the study showed that the application of the Jigsaw method assisted by Canva can improve student learning outcomes in class VI A MI PUI Cicalung. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of student learning outcomes in cycle I, which increased from 58% to 88%, which shows an increase of 30% compared to the pre-cycle conditions. In cycle II, student learning outcomes experienced another significant increase, namely from 88% to 100%, which means there was an increase of 12% compared to cycle I.

This study aims to describe the process of learning the subject of fiqh in class I MI Miftahul Huda Karangturi in the 2022/2023 academic year. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of field research, where researchers directly collect data at the research location. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the fiqh learning process at MI Miftahul Huda Karangturi has been carried out systematically including planning, implementation, and evaluation. However, several obstacles were found in the learning process, such as the dominant use of the lecture method, low class management by teachers, low student interest in learning, limited teaching materials, and minimal use of learning media. The recommended efforts to overcome these obstacles include: the application of varied learning methods, improving teachers' abilities in managing classes and building emotional closeness with students, giving educational sanctions to students who are less focused, using interesting learning media, providing capable learning aids, and utilizing technology to support fiqh learning more optimally.

This research was motivated by the need to assess the effectiveness of lesson plans prepared by class XI biology teachers with reference to the 2013 curriculum. This evaluation aims to understand to what extent the quality of lesson plans includes the expected competencies and to what extent these lesson plans can support an effective learning process. In addition, this study also wanted to evaluate the correlation between the contents of lesson plans and student learning outcomes, with the aim of identifying the extent to which the implementation of lesson plans based on Curriculum 13 had an impact on the level of understanding and academic achievement of students. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Aek Songsongan with the research subject being a biology teacher. Data collected by interview technique. Data analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, data display, and data conclusions. The results showed that the lesson plans based on the 2013 Curriculum have a significant correlation with student learning outcomes in Biology subject so that an organized and structured lesson plan helps enable more focused and efficient learning and encourages the use of innovative and participatory learning methods that involve students more actively.

The rapid development of technology 5.0 requires teachers to have competence in utilizing technology optimally. Teachers are expected to innovate in the learning process, such as developing interactive and interesting teaching materials. Apart from that, there is still a lack of effective learning resources that are ready to use and suit learners’ needs. Moreover, the use of the Merdeka Curriculum requires stakeholders and students to move as dynamically as possible. This certainly hinders the teaching and learning process. Through this activity, teachers are able to create digital teaching materials in the form of e-modules with the help of bookcreator application. The method of this activity is in the form of delivering material, training as well as mentoring, and evaluation. The results of this activity include increasing teachers' skills in creating digital teaching materials. The materials can be used as a learning resource for students. This is in line with the increasing creativity of teachers in utilizing all digital sources as needed as teaching materials

This research aims to produce a learning media, namely S’BUDISA (dikker Sangkapura culture scrapbook), identify the feasibility of the media through validity test and student responses. The ADDIE model is used as a research model which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instruments used are material and media validation and student response questionnaires. S’BUDISA media was tested on class IV UPT SD NEGERI 358 GRESIK students to find out the student’ responses to the media that the researcher had made. The results of the validation test from material expert 1 obtained a score of 86% which was categorized as valid and the validation of the media expert 2 was 86% which was categorized as valid. The score of material expert 1 is 82% which is categorized as valid and material expert 2 validation is 86% which is categorized as valid. The results of the student response questionnaire obtained a score of 95.5% which is categorized as very good. S’BUDISA media can be called feasible after media validation and can be used in the learning process.

This research aims to determine the role of teaching assistance in the fourth generation campus teaching program in increasing student learning motivation, especially for seventh grade students in social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere. Teaching assistance is one part of the Teaching Campus program of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) activities. This activity aims to empower students to help with the learning process in elementary and middle schools in various villages/cities, one of which is at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere which is in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. In this program, students are responsible for assisting the school in the teaching process, assisting with technology adaptation, and assisting with administration. Apart from that, students have a responsibility to improve students' morals and increase students' learning motivation and interest in learning while at school. The results of this research show that the role of teaching assistance plays a very important role in maintaining and growing students' learning motivation, especially in seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere. The results of this program are expected to be able to foster social sensitivity in students to hone their thinking skills. work together with teachers and students across fields of science to solve the problems they face.

Quality education requires a quality learning process. Quality learning is certainly designed in learning activities that use learning methods that are in accordance with the eyes taught by the teacher so as to assist the teacher in giving directions so that students can understand the content delivered by the teacher. In reality, education in Indonesia has decreased the quality of learning in the context of an independent curriculum. There are research findings called learning loss and learning gap devices in this problem. So it is expected that subject teachers must be able to restore the declining level of learning quality.  So researchers use a problem-based learning model. Where this problem-based learning model can solve problems and increase students' knowledge. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of problem-based learning in improving the quality of PPKn learning at SMP Negeri 19 Malang. The method used in this research is qualitative case study method. Data collection techniques based on observation, interviews and document research. The result of this study is the application of the ICT-assisted problem-based learning model showing that a significant change because students are directed to examine problems in learning activities using problem-based teaching methods that have a positive impact on student achievement outcomes. Based on the results of the research, researchers can conclude that the application of ICT-assisted problem-based learning models in class VIII PPKn subjects of SMP Negeri 19 Malang students can solve problems in groups given by teachers.

This article aims to explain and describe the Teaching Campus Program which is one form of implementing the IndependentThis article aims to explain and describe the Teaching Campus Program which is one form of implementing the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) in the form of teaching assistance to empower students in assisting the learning process in elementary schools in various villages/cities, one of which is SDI Bistio which is located in Masebewa, Sikka Regency, NTT. In this program, students involved have the responsibility to assist the school in the teaching process, assist with technology adaptation, and assist school administration. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of students in adapting technology at SDI Bistio, especially in using the Zoom and Google Meet learning applications. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data collection techniques used are interview and observation techniques. Data analysis includes (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The result of this program is an increase in the knowledge of SDI Bistio teachers and students in terms of using the Zoom and Google Meet applications. This activity is limited to training students so long-term follow-up activities are needed to support technology adaptation at SDI Bistio.

Personality recognition is one of the important things for recognizing oneself and other people. This identification is made based on a person's personality traits, based on Kant's personality theory. There are very few teachers who do not understand their students' personalities. During the teaching and learning process, some teachers do not clearly understand students' personalities, so it will be difficult for teachers to deliver learning material that arouses students' interest and thus influences the process of imparting knowledge. Consciousness is inhibited. Therefore, the FuzzyTsukamoto method is used to identify student personalities. The aim of this research is to help teachers group and identify students' personalities so that they can easily determine the right treatment method to develop their talents and interests. The system's input is taken from personality traits relevant to the student. The knowledge base is taken from child clinical psychologists and is built on the principle (IF-THEN). The results of the fuzzy calculation are that the student has a personality that is optimistic, quick-tempered, melancholic, or boring. The results of this method test by carrying out systematic calculations and tests, obtain personality results that are in accordance with the student's personality characteristics. and works fine. Therefore, it may be advisable to help teachers determine how to treat students.

This research was conducted in class IX of Dian Todahe Middle School for the 2021/2022 academic year, with 25 students as subjects. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach to learning the movement of living creatures. This particular form of research is included in classroom action research (CAR) classification. This research examines student learning outcomes by analyzing their test scores before and after their involvement in the learning process, with a particular focus on Biology education, which is related to the movement of living things. Research findings show an increase in student performance during cycle II, which is then accompanied by an increase in student engagement. Of the total number of students, 22 (88%) completed their studies by getting a maximum score of 65. On the other hand, three students (12%) could only complete their studies if they scored below 65. The learning outcomes achieved in cycle II have fulfilled the requirements for completion. Traditionally, there has been a visible improvement in students' understanding of the subject matter.

This research is motivated by the PAI learning process which prioritizes material rather than attitudes. In this case, the teacher has tried to implement the affective domain approach in PAI learning, but in reality there are still problems regarding students' affective domain in PAI learning. This can be seen from the attitude of students who pay less attention to the teacher when explaining the lesson, such as students talking to their classmates about other things, singing in class, and often excusing themselves during the learning process. The aim of this study is to look at the implementation of the Affective Domain in PAI Learning through a teacher approach. The type of research is descriptive-qualitative, the main informant for this research is an Islamic Religious Education Teacher who teaches in class VIII C, and the supporting informants are students in class VIII C. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation and data verification. To test the validity of the data by using data triangulation, namely comparing the results of interviews conducted by key informants with supporting informants and the results of direct observations. The results of this research show that the implementation of the affective domain in PAI learning is through an approach by teachers in the affective domain in Class VIII C of SMPN 3 Tigo Nagari, Pasaman Regency using an experiential approach by teaching knowledge through experience on Sunnah prayer material, the Habituation Approach provides the habit of reading the Al-Qur 'an together before starting learning, the teacher exemplifies the exemplary approach first to the students regarding respect and obedience to parents and teachers before taking the exemplary approach.

This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh based on several problems that the author found in class VIII MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. This study was motivated by the lack of variety in the learning model applied in class, so that students were less active and felt bored in participating in the learning process, learning outcomes were less than optimal, and did not match what was expected. This research aims to find out how fiqh learning is implemented using the discovery learning model and the effectiveness of implementing the discovery learning model on the fiqh learning outcomes of class VIII students at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. This research is quantitative experimental research using a quasi-experimental approach. This research is located at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. The sample in this study consisted of two classes, namely the control class and the experimental class, with sampling using random sampling techniques. The instruments used in this research were observation, learning outcomes tests, and documentation. Based on research results from the N-Gain Score test results, it can be seen that the average score for the experimental class using the discovery learning model is 63.3982 or 63%, which is in the quite effective category. Meanwhile, for the control class whose learning was through lectures, an average of 24.0655 or 24% was obtained, which was included in the ineffective category. This means that there are significant differences in student learning outcomes between classes that use the discovery learning model and classes that do not use the discovery learning model. So, it can be concluded that there is effectiveness in applying the discovery learning model to the Fiqh learning outcomes of Class VIII students at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh.  

This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh based on several problems that the author found in class VIII MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. This study was motivated by the lack of variety in the learning model applied in class, so that students were less active and felt bored in participating in the learning process, learning outcomes were less than optimal, and did not match what was expected. This research aims to find out how fiqh learning is implemented using the discovery learning model and the effectiveness of implementing the discovery learning model on the fiqh learning outcomes of class VIII students at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. This research is quantitative experimental research using a quasi-experimental approach. This research is located at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh. The sample in this study consisted of two classes, namely the control class and the experimental class, with sampling using random sampling techniques. The instruments used in this research were observation, learning outcomes tests, and documentation. Based on research results from the N-Gain Score test results, it can be seen that the average score for the experimental class using the discovery learning model is 63.3982 or 63%, which is in the quite effective category. Meanwhile, for the control class whose learning was through lectures, an average of 24.0655 or 24% was obtained, which was included in the ineffective category. This means that there are significant differences in student learning outcomes between classes that use the discovery learning model and classes that do not use the discovery learning model. So, it can be concluded that there is effectiveness in applying the discovery learning model to the Fiqh learning outcomes of Class VIII students at MTsN 1 Kota Payakumbuh.  

The purpose of this study is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of visual learning media on the learning motivation of Christian Education students of Class VIII SMP N 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is quantitative method with descriptive statistics. The population is all grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 school year who are Protestant Christians as many as 160 students and a sample of 32 people was determined using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 50 items, namely 25 items for variable X and 25 items for variable Y. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence on the use of visual learning media on the learning motivation of Christian Education students of Class VIII SMP N 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency Learning Year 2023/2024: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.500 > rtabel(=0.05,n=32) = 0.349. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 3.165 > ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=30)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="44.19"+0.47X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 25%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcalculate > Ftable=(=0.05,dk numerator k=22,dk denominator=n-2=32-2=30) which is 10.01 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So with this, it is expected that schools or teachers must use and further increase the use of Learning Media in schools because the use of learning media in the learning process affects student learning motivation.

This research aims to understand the planning of educational facilities and infrastructure needs. Knowing the required facilities and infrastructure needs will have a significant impact on the success of the learning process and can contribute appropriately to the achievement of educational goals. The research method used is a literature review method by collecting materials from various sources such as journals, articles, the internet, books, and other sources related to the planning of educational facilities and infrastructure needs. The results of the study show that the steps in planning facilities and infrastructure needs include needs analysis, cost analysis, and priority analysis. The purpose of planning these facilities and infrastructure needs is to ensure the provision of facilities and infrastructure that meet the needs of students and the needs of all staff in educational institutions. This includes various specifications of items, such as consumables, non-consumables, immovable items, and items related to learning activities.      

Learning process This is on the Students School Buddhist Week in South Tangerang, from observation writer results Study from students Still Not yet in accordance with the hopes of educators, because Still problems with understanding, attitudes , values , skills , practice of Dhamma. By theoretical writer use reference from outside and inside as well as from Buddhism Dhamma teachings . Study This use approach quantitative purpose for know the influence of Mindfulness and Intelligence Emotional on Learning Outcomes Student School Buddhist Week in South Tangerang. Study This done at the Vihara or Cetiya in South Tangerang, with subject study is 170 students School Buddhist Week. Research analysis methods. This use help SPSS version 26. Analysis results show that There is influence positive and significant between Mindfulness (X1), Intelligence Emotional (X2) on Learning Outcomes (Y). Regression equation Ŷ 3= 46.605 + 0.534X 1 + 0.112X 2, with score coefficient correlation generated of r y1,2 = 0, 661 , whereas score coefficient determination generated as big as r 2 x1,2 = 0.436 , meaning donation or influence amounting to the remaining 43.6% amounting to 56.4% was contributed by other variables that have connection positive with increasing Learning Outcomes .    

This research is motivated by the implementation of tahfidz learning. The memorization method used is not effective so that learning becomes passive, the use of the method is very important in memorizing the Koran because if you don't use the right method it will be difficult when memorizing the Koran. Using an inappropriate method, of course students will feel bored so they have difficulty memorizing. Using the pledge method, making memorization does not only rely on brain memory, but on repeated reading or the term memorization without memorization. Thus, the use of the tikrar method can be used as a solution to overcome the problems of the tahfidz al-Quran learning process. Methods and participants' abilities to memorize the Koran are two variables in this experimental research. This research is directed to determine the differences in students' ability to remember the surah as-Syam using the tikrar method with the conventional method. At SD Islam Cendekia Bukittinggi, the tikrar method has a significant effect on the ability of fourth grade students to memorize the Al Quran, as shown by the results. This is the only result that can be attributed to its application. which yields sig = 0.000, which is less than significant = 0.05, indicating that the TiRAR method has an effect. The average value or effect of the t-test on the sample class obtained from (O2-O1)-(O4-O3) is 20.79, this shows that the pledge method has an effect on memorizing Al Quran Surah As-Syam.