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This research is a type of experimental research with the One Group Pretest- Posttest research design to see whether there is an effect of the PQRST method on improving reading comprehension skills of V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan. So this study aims to find out: (1) an overview of the application of the PQRST method to improving reading comprehension skills of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan (2) how to improve students' reading comprehension skills class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan after using the PQRST method (3) is there any effect of the PQRST method on improving reading comprehension skills of class students V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan. The population in this study were all students of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan, totaling 19 students. This sample uses a saturated sampling technique with a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, testing and documentation. Research data analysis techniques using descriptive and inferential analysis. The conclusions of this study indicate that: (1) The application of the PQRST method (Preview, Question, Read, Summarize and Test) in the learning process goes very well, (2) Students' reading comprehension skills show an increase after using the PQRST method, (3) There is an effect of applying the PQRST method to improving reading comprehension skills of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan Elementary School Makassar City.

Inclusive education is a process of responding to the diverse needs of all students. Various efforts can be made through changes and modifications in content, approaches, structures and strategies that can accommodate the needs of all students according to their age group. Implementing inclusive education requires schools to make adjustments in terms of curriculum, educational infrastructure and learning systems that are tailored to the individual needs of students, including assessing learning outcomes and determining grade promotion. The diversity of characteristics of students in inclusive schools certainly opens up opportunities for a very varied learning outcomes assessment system in determining grade promotion. The assessment system for learning outcomes for children with special needs has so far been the same as for other students. The assessment system commonly used in determining grade promotion for students in inclusive schools is based on the achievement of mental skills.

Learning strategy refers to an educator planning a series of activities designed to achieve learning goals. It involves the use of various methods, techniques, and approaches to organize the learning process. The strategy must be in accordance with the needs and characteristics of students. In the educational context, learning strategies are the basis for teachers in designing effective and meaningful learning experiences for students. This includes selecting subject matter, determining appropriate strategies, and the required learning media. Digital-based technology in learning in elementary schools is a very useful advancement in the learning and teaching process where there are digital aspects of resource books, assignments, assessments and student attendance books that can be used in the school environment and become preschool infrastructure. And digital technology is a more effective communication tool when designing a more student-oriented environment where teachers can develop creative skills in digital science.

There are still many teachers who carry out learning activities that only pursue the quantity aspect of the material. Teachers usually try to convey all the subject matter even in a limited time, thus ignoring the learning process carried out by students. This is not recommended. Learning should not be limited to emphasizing the fulfillment of the quantity of subject matter but must strive to achieve the quality side. Thus the PGSD Adi Buana lecturer team provided assistance to teachers in Gresik district to optimize their competence in designing and compiling learning hots based on independent learning. The method used in the implementation of this community service is a problem-based approach. The results of training and capacity show an increase in the knowledge of skills and abilities of teachers in designing and compiling learning hots based on independent learning. This is indicated by the learning tools collected by the teacher after the mentoring is complete. Teachers are able to arrange learning activities that are able to activate students, provide learning alternatives for students and optimize the competencies possessed by students.

This research is aimed at finding out and analyzing the role of the Oral Arabic program in developing Arabic language skills for new students of the Arabic Language Education study program at the Indonesian University of Education. This program was held based on the problem of differences in the backgrounds of students, some of whom have not or have never studied Arabic, which hinders these students from understanding the learning in class. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The resource person in this research is one of the new students who is taking part in the Oral Arabic program. From this research, data was obtained regarding the Arabic Oral Program, such as the number of students and educators, the purpose of the program, the teaching materials used, and the obstacles faced during the learning process.

A good organization image is one of the factors for an organization to be able to achieve competitive advantage. To create a good image of an organization, an effective communication process is needed to the public. Online communication media and social media are effective organizational communication tools and can improve the organization's image. This community service activity is packaged in the form of training which aims to improve the skills of SDN 2 Mojosari teachers in mastering online media and social media as a means of organizational communication. Effective organizational communication can create a good image of the organization. This training activity has an impact on increasing the abilities of teachers and changing digital-based organizational communication strategies to improve the organization's image as one of the organization's competitive advantages.Organization image, Social Media, Organization Communication, Competitive Advantage

Training on the Use of Code.org-based Educational Games in Delivering Material in Schools is a community service activity which aims to improve teachers' skills in using video-based learning media. This activity was carried out at SDN Kedungdalem II, attended by 12 teachers. This abstract explains the reasons for choosing this topic, namely to overcome challenges in delivering material in schools and utilizing the potential of technology in the learning process. The method used is interactive training and direct practice in creating and editing educational games for learning. During the training, teachers were provided with knowledge about code.org-based educational game concepts and technical skills to create interesting and effective educational games. The results of the training show an increase in teacher skills in using code.org-based educational games and more active student participation in learning. Teachers report increased student learning motivation and better understanding of concepts after implementing code.org-based educational games in the classroom. The conclusion from this activity is that this training succeeded in providing significant benefits for teachers and students. Using educational games based on code.org can improve the quality of learning and produce a more interactive learning environment

The 2013 curriculum focuses on developing students' knowledge, understanding, abilities, values, attitudes and interests, with the aim of enabling them to apply this knowledge in a practical way. At the same time, it encourages independent learning based on each student's abilities, while providing opportunities for the development of character and important skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature study review. This research aims to determine the differences between the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in various aspects, including characteristics, objectives, competencies, assessment methods and roles. The findings of this research can help the government choose a more effective curriculum for students, thereby optimizing the learning process for their future. Based on the research we conducted, we have drawn conclusions and provided recommendations to the government, emphasizing the need for well-developed policies, thorough outreach, and comprehensive teacher training before implementing curriculum changes. In the end, it is the teacher who will be directly involved with students in the learning process.    

This classroom action research aims to improve reading skills through Jigsaw type cooperative learning for class VI students at SD Inpres, Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. The subjects of this research were 40 grade VI students at SD Inpres Multilevel Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. Academic Year 2023/2024. This PTK consists of 2 cycles, each consisting of 3 meetings. Data collection was carried out using the results of students' work when carrying out actions and observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results achieved were: (1) students' reading ability before the action was held was in the low category with an average score of 4.88 from the highest possible score of 10. (2) Students' reading ability after taking action in the form of Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle I was in the high category with an average score of 8.04 from the highest possible score of 10. (3) Students' reading ability after taking action, in the form of learning by applying models Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle II was in the very high category with an average score of 8.84 from the highest possible score of 10. (4) There was an increase in the percentage of student attendance. (5) Students' interest, attention and motivation in participating in the learning process using the Jigsaw cooperative model has also increased, this can be seen from the increase in student activity in the learning process. The results of this research also show changes on the teacher's side, initially teachers were less creative in using various Jigsaw type cooperative learning strategies, which had a good impact, apparently being able to motivate and increase teacher interest in developing effective learning.    

This classroom action research aims to improve reading skills through Jigsaw type cooperative learning for class VI students at SD Inpres, Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. The subjects of this research were 40 grade VI students at SD Inpres Multilevel Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. Academic Year 2023/2024. This PTK consists of 2 cycles, each consisting of 3 meetings. Data collection was carried out using the results of students' work when carrying out actions and observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results achieved were: (1) students' reading ability before the action was held was in the low category with an average score of 4.88 from the highest possible score of 10. (2) Students' reading ability after taking action in the form of Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle I was in the high category with an average score of 8.04 from the highest possible score of 10. (3) Students' reading ability after taking action, in the form of learning by applying models Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle II was in the very high category with an average score of 8.84 from the highest possible score of 10. (4) There was an increase in the percentage of student attendance. (5) Students' interest, attention and motivation in participating in the learning process using the Jigsaw cooperative model has also increased, this can be seen from the increase in student activity in the learning process. The results of this research also show changes on the teacher's side, initially teachers were less creative in using various Jigsaw type cooperative learning strategies, which had a good impact, apparently being able to motivate and increase teacher interest in developing effective learning.    

Scientific literacy is a 21st century skill that every student must have. However, in fact, in the learning process, misconceptions occur which make it difficult for students to think critically in studying inappropriate material. The research method applies qualitative research. The instruments and data collection techniques used were literature studies. The data analysis applied is descriptive data analysis. The problems that usually occur are in the realm of analysis in science learning, one of which is style material. In this material, misconceptions often occur due to the many types of forces being studied. Apart from that, there are also misconceptions about the principles and applications so that students are confused when learning them. This is a problem for students' critical thinking skills which has an impact on student literacy nationally.

The rapid advancement in information technology has transformed the landscape of accounting, making it increasingly computerized, enhancing efficiency through the automation of routine tasks, enabling real-time access to financial data, and providing more sophisticated data analytics capabilities. However, alongside these benefits, technology also brings challenges related to data security and changing regulations, necessitating accountants to continuously develop their technological skills. Online collaboration between accountants and clients is becoming more common, reflecting the influence of information technology on the evolution of accounting practices. Technological developments also affect Accounting Information Systems (AIS), changing the way data is processed, internal controls are implemented, and financial information is prepared. Despite initial concerns, the advancement of IT ultimately opens up new opportunities, such as computer-based information system audits, computer-based information system consulting, and web trust audits. This is the essence of the impact of information technology on the development of accounting, presenting opportunities and challenges that require adaptation and a strong understanding from accounting professionals in the digital era.

Contextual learning theory emphasizes the importance of the learning environment and real-life situations in the learning process. When applied to the teaching of the Arabic language, this approach focuses on integrating language learning with the cultural, social, and historical contexts of the Arab world. By doing so, it aims to make the learning experience more engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the students. This approach recognizes that language is deeply connected to culture, and therefore, language learning should not be isolated from its cultural context. It advocates for the use of authentic materials, such as literature, music, and films, to provide learners with a holistic understanding of the language and its cultural significance. Furthermore contextual learning theory encourages interactive and communicative language activities that mirror real-life language use, enabling students to develop practical language skills that are applicable to genuine social and cultural settings. In the context of teaching Arabic, this approach can enhance students' motivation and interest in learning the language by making the learning experience more dynamic and immersive. It also supports the development of students' intercultural competence by fostering an understanding of the cultural nuances embedded in the language. In summary, the contextual learning theory as an approach to teaching Arabic language offers a comprehensive and engaging framework that integrates language learning with thecultural, social, and historical contexts of the Arab world. By doing so, it aims to make the learning experience more meaningful, relevant, and captivating for students.

The activity partner is the Arrahmah women's group, a coastal community of Pinggir Papas who processes mangroves into cookies. This processed mangrove product has relatively low marketing where it is only produced when there is an order for an important exhibition or event. Generally, mangrove cookies are sold in bulk or without packaging. Where the packaging used is plastic packaging without labels or product information. One effort that can support the development of the mangrove cookies business is by providing attractive and informative packaging technology so that it can increase product purchasing power. Partners themselves do not yet have the skills to design attractive packaging that can increase product purchasing power. As is the problem with micro businesses, the skills possessed by partners in entrepreneurship and creating product attractiveness are still low. One effort to improve product marketing is by designing attractive packaging and providing entrepreneurial training to partners. The output of this activity is partner empowerment in the form of increasing entrepreneurial skills and increasing product attractiveness through attractive and informative packaging designs. Other outputs from service activities are online mass media publications and article publications in the national journal ISNN.]

Independent Entrepreneurship is one of the Independent Campus Learning (MBKM) programs offered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. This program provides an opportunity for students to add and hone soft skills through learning outside the lecture classroom.The aim of this program is to provide opportunities for students to add and hone soft skills through learning outside the lecture classroom,  Providing in-depth insight into the world of business and economics, understanding business processes, markets, competition, as well as factors that influence business success.The expected results of the independent entrepreneurship program are to stimulate student creativity and innovation, so that students can develop ideas and solutions about business, as well as making prototypes. others as well as increasing sales and so on at affordable prices and manufacturing with minimum possible time.

This research discusses efforts to introduce cognitive learning theory into the 2013 curriculum in the educational environment. Her research focus is on understanding how key principles of cognitive learning theory, including concepts such as information processing, knowledge construction, and the development of higher-order thinking skills, can be integrated into new curriculum structures. Research methods include analysis of official 2013 curriculum documents, interviews with teachers, and observation of classroom learning practices. The results show that although real efforts have been made to adopt the principles of cognitive learning theory, their implementation still faces certain challenges. Limited resources, teacher understanding of cognitive concepts, and adaptation of learning materials are several important factors that influence successful implementation. Therefore, this research provides recommendations for improving teacher training, adapting learning materials, and increasing resource support so that the 2013 curriculum more effectively achieves students' cognitive learning goals.

One of the four Arabic language skills is the ability to write, or what is called maharah al-kitabah. There are four categories of Arabic language skills, namely listening skills (maharah al-istima'), speaking skills (maharah al-kalam), reading skills (maharah al-qira'ah), and writing skills (maharah al-kitabah). Writing is an activity related to the thinking process and the ability to convey ideas through writing. Insya' muwajjah, or structured writing, is one method to improve the ability of maharah al-kitabah with a teaching method that asks students to write perfect sentences or essays with some direction and instructions from the teacher. This research was conducted with the aim of getting an answer to whether one of the insha' muwajjah learning methods could be an alternative for achieving success for a teacher in teaching one of the skills that is included in the most difficult level of other maharah. This research uses analysis that the author quotes from various secondary data, in the form of scientific journals, theses and internet media. From the results that we have collected from various previous sources, it shows that the insha' muwajjah method can be an alternative because the learning carried out starts from easy to difficult stages so that students' understanding can be evenly captured in learning until skills are formed.

During childhood, the development of a child involves several key aspects. Firstly, the physical development aspect encompasses the skeletal and muscular systems, as well as the development of motor skills. Secondly, health and safety become important focuses by providing adequate physical exercise to meet national targets and prevent children's inactivity. The processing of information and intelligence in cognitive development emphasizes repetition, organization, comparison, and the emergence of information. The division of intelligence into emotional and spiritual intelligence provides an additional dimension to understanding child development. Piaget's approach, particularly the concrete operational stage, describes a phase in which children use operations and logical reasoning in concrete situations. Lastly, in cognitive development, language becomes an important tool for communication, both in oral and sign forms.

This research aims to evaluate the impact of student participation in the campus teaching program 6th generation on the learning process carried out at SDN Kalangsemanding in the subjects of Mathematics, Science, Indonesian. The focus of this research is to identify the impact of the contribution of campus teaching program students 6 to the development of students' learning skills at the elementary school level. The research methods used in this study involve direct observation, interviews, and data analysis to measure improvements in learning skills in the classroom, social interactions with teachers and friends, as well as the positive or negative impacts of this program. The results of the research are expected to provide insight into the effectiveness of campus student participation in teaching 6 in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools. Students can feel inspired by seeing younger students who already have the knowledge and skills they want. The presence of campus students teaching at target schools can motivate students to pursue higher education and pursue their dreams. Students who may initially have difficulty connecting with teachers can still find a stronger connection or identification with younger campus teaching students and a less large age difference can create a better and more interesting learning environment. They were very happy with the presence of students at school, until the time for goodbye arrived, they were not willing to let campus students go to their respective campuses to teach.

The influence of the development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) on the world of education, so that both teachers and students are required to always adapt to existing developments. Technology is the result of knowledge originating from the world of education therefore the world of education should utilize technology to increase efficiency in learning. Chemistry among students is still considered material that is difficult to understand. One of its attractions is the abstract nature of chemical material. Chemistry learning does not only include theoretical learning but also includes practical activities. This research was carried out to determine the effect of using a virtual laboratory on students' skills during direct practicum. The method used in this research is a quantitative method that uses a lot of numbers, starting from data collection, interpretation of the data and presentation of the results. A total of 52 students in class XI, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at SMA Negeri 1 Sliyeg. Presenting the results in the form of a representative table will increase the reader's level of understanding and make it easier to access information. Virtual laboratories help students understand the practical process. Based on the results of data analysis obtained from filling out the questionnaire, it was found that 78.8% or the majority of students answered agreeing that the virtual laboratory had an effect on increasing pH testing. This proves that the use of virtual laboratories can be a way out so that when doing direct practicum students do not experience difficulties and the practicum runs more effectively.