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This community service program was initiated in response to the need to strengthen collaboration between parents and schools in fostering character development and noble morals among elementary school students. The main issue addressed was the lack of structured and sustainable educational collaboration between parents and the school in supporting character-building practices. The program aimed to develop a participatory and reflective collaboration model through a systematic parenting initiative. A qualitative participatory approach based on community engagement was employed, consisting of needs assessment, joint discussion and planning, parenting program design, workshops and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), mentoring and monitoring, as well as evaluation and reflection. The results highlight significant improvements in two-way communication between parents and teachers, increased collective awareness of the family’s strategic role in character education, and the establishment of a regular communication forum as a new social structure within the school community. Positive changes were also observed in parenting practices, including the implementation of positive discipline and empathetic communication at home aligned with school values. The emergence of local parent leaders further strengthened program sustainability. Overall, the participatory educational collaboration model proved effective in promoting social transformation and reinforcing sustainable character and moral development among students.

Bullying in secondary schools is a serious issue that affects students’ psychosocial well-being and academic achievement, and significantly disrupts the learning climate and the quality of social relationships among students. This community service activity aimed to implement the Child-Friendly School Program through anti-bullying socialization at SMA N 1 Kersana in order to enhance the understanding and commitment of all school members in creating a safe, inclusive, and sustainable learning environment. The method employed a participatory approach, including needs assessment, interactive socialization sessions, focus group discussions, case simulations, and structured evaluation using pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicated a 23% increase in participants’ understanding based on the comparison of scores before and after the intensive implementation of the program. Furthermore, a “Bullying-Free School” declaration was established along with a plan to strengthen the Violence Prevention and Handling Team as a more systematic sustainability strategy. These findings confirm that participatory-based socialization effectively reinforces the implementation of the Child-Friendly School Program and fosters a safe, inclusive, sustainable, and responsive school culture that supports students’ positive character development.

This study analyzes the economic phenomenon known as the "Purbaya Effect" in the Indonesian capital market during the second half of 2025. This phenomenon is characterized by a significant surge in the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG), which broke the All-Time High (ATH) record 21 times within four months following the appointment of Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa as Minister of Finance. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative market data analysis and qualitative policy review, this research finds that the "Purbaya Effect" is driven by aggressive liquidity injection policies (Rp 200 trillion), institutional trust built during his tenure at LPS, and strong narrative economics. However, this study also identifies significant risks related to exchange rate volatility and potential economic overheating. The findings suggest that while the "Purbaya Effect" successfully restored short-term investor confidence, long-term sustainability depends on the balance between growth acceleration and macroeconomic stability.

Early English mastery is a long-term educational investment that should be supported by instructional approaches aligned with children’s developmental characteristics. This community service program aimed to systematically implement the *English Through Play* approach, enhance English learning interest, and create positive learning experiences for children aged 4–6 years at Samantha English Course. The program was conducted participatorily through preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages over eight weeks. The *English Through Play* approach was applied through various activities, including action songs, flashcard games, storytelling with gestures, and simple role play. Evaluation was carried out descriptively through observation of participation, verbal responses, children’s expressions, and simple oral tests to measure basic vocabulary mastery. The results showed that more than 80% of the children were actively engaged during the learning sessions. Approximately 70–85% demonstrated increased learning interest, as reflected in their enthusiasm, verbal participation, and positive responses to English instructions. In addition, most children were able to recognize and pronounce 5–10 basic vocabulary items based on the learning themes and perform simple self-introductions. The program also produced a play-based learning guide that can be sustainably implemented by the partner institution. In conclusion, the *English Through Play* approach proved effective in enhancing young learners’ interest and participation in early English learning. This model can serve as a practical and replicable alternative for similar non-formal educational institutions.

Smoking behavior among adolescents remains a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and potential long-term effects on physical, psychological, and social health. One key factor influencing adolescent behavior is the family environment. A family approach that incorporates effective communication, parental supervision, role modeling, emotional support, and consistent enforcement of rules is believed to significantly impact the prevention and reduction of smoking behavior in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the effect of a family approach on smoking behavior in adolescents. Adolescents who experience open communication, good supervision, and emotional support from their families tend to exhibit stronger self-control and are more likely to resist peer pressure to smoke. The findings suggest that an optimal family approach is crucial in shaping healthy behavior in adolescents and serves as an effective strategy in smoking prevention efforts. This approach not only helps in reducing smoking behavior but also fosters overall well-being by creating a supportive family environment. In conclusion, family involvement plays an essential role in promoting healthier behaviors in adolescents and preventing smoking, contributing significantly to public health improvement

Government expenditure is a great reason in economic stability and its impact on the balance of payments is dire. In this light, this paper seeks to use the time series analysis method and the ARDL model to investigate the association between the balance of payments of Iraq and the public spending within the 2004-2023 period. The Eviews 13 software was used to analyse it. The findings show that there is a positive association between spending by the people and balance of payment especially at the short run. The latter findings indicate that the efficiency of government expenditure reform is a necessary tool to accomplish the expansion and close the balance of payments deficit. This study highlights the importance of strategic fiscal policies and government spending in achieving a balanced economy and sustainable growth. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and adjustment of public spending to ensure its alignment with national economic objectives. The findings contribute to the understanding of fiscal policy implications in developing economies, especially in the context of Iraq’s economic challenges.  

This study aims to analyze consumer perceptions of consumer reviews on the Shopee e-commerce platform and to understand how these reviews influence trust and purchasing decisions. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design, using in-depth interviews with one informant an active Shopee user and supported by digital observations of the fake review phenomenon. The findings indicate that reviews play a crucial role in shaping consumers’ perceptions and trust toward sellers. The informant perceived honest reviews as those characterized by detailed content, genuine product photos, and a natural writing style. In contrast, reviews that appear overly uniform, exaggerated, or too brief are considered inauthentic and raise doubts. Negative experiences resulting from fake reviews reduce trust in both sellers and the platform. This study highlights the need to improve review verification systems and enhance digital literacy education so that consumers can better distinguish between genuine and fake reviews, thereby fostering a more transparent and trustworthy online shopping environment.

The development of artificial intelligence has revolutionized higher education by increasing the efficiency and personalization of learning, but it has also posed a major challenge in the form of a decline in students' critical thinking skills due to their dependence on technology. Therefore, an in-depth philosophical study through the post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism paradigms is needed to understand its impact on cognitive and epistemological processes. This study aims to analyze how these three paradigms guide the development of critical thinking in the context of AI. It uses a descriptive-analytical method based on secondary data from academic literature such as journals and books that have been critically synthesized. The findings show that post-positivism views AI as a tentative critical realism tool for empirical verification. Critical theory critiques power relations, ideology, and the ethics of technological domination. Constructivism emphasizes the construction of social knowledge through human-centered design that supports creativity and collaboration. The positive impacts of AI include instant feedback and content adaptation, while the negative impacts include social isolation, weak digital literacy, and data privacy. Therefore, the implication is the wise use of AI with the assistance of teaching staff to strengthen reflective analysis, ethical literacy, and paradigm adjustments in accordance with the exact or social sciences to create multidimensional learning in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of Islamic monetary policy in Indonesia in facing digital transformation, particularly through the instruments of Sertifikat Bank Indonesia Syariah (SBIS) and Sukuk Bank Indonesia (SukBI). The digital transformation of the national financial system demands an adaptive monetary policy that remains grounded in the principles of maqashid shariah. In the context of Islamic economics, monetary policy not only functions to regulate the money supply and maintain price stability but also ensures the realization of justice and economic welfare. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using literature-based data collection from official publications of Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and relevant academic references on Islamic monetary policy. The analysis adopts an inductive approach by examining the roles of SBIS and Sukuk BI in supporting the stability of the Islamic financial system and their alignment with maqashid shariah values such as al-‘adl (justice), al-wudhuh (transparency), and ar-rawaj (circulation of wealth). The findings indicate that digitalization has positively impacted the efficiency and transparency of Islamic monetary instruments, where SBIS plays a role in regulating the liquidity of Islamic banks in a non-usurious manner, while Sukuk BI serves as an essential instrument in maintaining national economic stability. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the limited digital infrastructure for Islamic finance and the need to strengthen regulations to ensure that digital monetary systems remain consistent with sharia principles.

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of three main Islamic monetary instruments Sukuk, the Islamic Interbank Money Market (PUAS), and Sharia Repo to strengthen the resilience and stability of Indonesia’s Islamic financial system. Using a descriptive literature review method, this study analyzes relevant academic sources, regulatory frameworks, and policy reports. Sukuk is examined as an asset-based instrument that plays a crucial role in medium- to long-term financing and fiscal management. PUAS is analyzed as a mechanism for short-term liquidity management among Islamic banks based on mudharabah and wakalah contracts. Meanwhile, Sharia Repo is evaluated through the sale and repurchase mechanism of Sharia State Securities (SBSN) to support liquidity stability in Islamic banking. The findings reveal strong synergy among these instruments in managing excess liquidity, controlling inflation, and strengthening the transmission of Bank Indonesia’s monetary policy in compliance with Sharia principles. This study recommends enhancing public literacy, strengthening innovative regulatory frameworks, and developing Islamic financial infrastructure to promote inclusive and sustainable growth in Indonesia’s Islamic financial sector.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the strategic role of freight forwarding and delivery service companies in maintaining the efficiency of supply chains. However, the increasing complexity of delivery processes also raises various operational risks, such as package damage, loss, delivery delays, and distribution errors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in freight forwarding companies operating in Brebes Regency and to assess the effectiveness of the risk management practices applied. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, involving company management, operational staff, couriers, and customer service personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and supported by average risk score analysis. The results show that most aspects of risk management fall into the high and very good categories, with an overall average score of 3.89. This indicates that the company has implemented risk management effectively, particularly in incident evaluation, risk measurement, and cooperation with insurance providers. Nevertheless, improvements are still needed in reducing the frequency of operational risks and enhancing the use of digital technology for risk monitoring to ensure a more comprehensive and sustainable risk management system.

The Islamic insurance industry in Indonesia, including in the city of Medan, continues to face various challenges, one of which is the low level of public participation in using Islamic insurance products. Public decisions to choose Islamic insurance are influenced not only by economic factors but also by non-economic factors, such as the level of religiosity, Islamic financial literacy, and trust in insurance service providers. This study aims to examine in depth the role of religiosity, financial literacy, and trust in influencing public decisions regarding the use of Islamic insurance in Medan City. This research employs a qualitative approach by utilizing secondary data obtained from reports of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), as well as relevant national and international scholarly articles. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of public behavior, perceptions, and preferences. The findings indicate that religiosity plays a role in increasing awareness of the importance of financial products that comply with sharia principles, financial literacy strengthens public understanding of the benefits and mechanisms of Islamic insurance, while trust emerges as the key factor most decisively influencing decision-making. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for formulating strategies to enhance public literacy and trust in Islamic insurance in Medan City.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and finding out about the empowerment of orphans at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung through Islamic philanthropy-based educational funding. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, using a case study method. The data collection process involved observation, interviews, and document review. Data analysis included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, as well as data validation through triangulation. This study revealed that educational funding rooted in Islamic philanthropy at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung includes budget revenues and expenditures with allocations prepared at the beginning of each year. The expenditure period can be tracked through the LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung online system. Distribution efforts include eliminating educational costs for orphans, providing basic necessities, distributing Mushabs for orphaned students who memorize the Qur'an, and supporting orphans. The evaluation of Islamic philanthropy-based education funding at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung involved an analysis that showed that the role of the nadzir (manager) remains limited. All responsibilities and functions of the nadzir, particularly those of branch heads and fundraisers, are aimed at improving management. Furthermore, accountability is a factor taken into account when drafting the budget for the upcoming period.

Supplier selection is a strategic aspect of supply chain management that directly impacts product quality and operational efficiency within a company. PT. XYZ, operating in the fashion industry, is currently facing the challenge of selecting the optimal t-shirt supplier and lacks an appropriate decision-making method. The objective of this research is to provide insights into the best decision-making approach for PT. XYZ by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The determination of suppliers is carried out by considering four main criteria, namely product quality, product price, delivery time, and service. The data obtained were generated from interviews and questionnaires given to the owner of PT. XYZ. The results of the analysis have shown that product quality is the most influential criterion with a weight of 0.716, followed by service (0.113), delivery time (0.093), and product price (0.078). The final result states that supplier C has the highest priority weight, which is 0.763. Therefore, PT. XYZ is recommended to choose supplier C as the best alternative supplier. The results of this study indicate that the AHP method can be used as a systematic and objective decision-making tool for supplier selection.

This study discusses the 17th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Partnership for the Goals, which highlights the importance of global collaboration in achieving shared prosperity. The main focus of this research is on three key instruments of global partnership: external debt, foreign investment, and foreign aid. These instruments play a crucial role in supporting development in developing countries, but they also raise controversies related to economic dependence, global power imbalances, and the effectiveness of aid. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on a literature review of international reports and academic research. The analysis shows that although debt, investment, and foreign aid offer opportunities for technology transfer, economic growth, and poverty reduction, their sustainability largely depends on governance, transparency, and equality among nations. Therefore, global partnerships should be directed toward more inclusive and equitable systems to ensure that global development goals can be achieved sustainably.

The quality of human resources is a fundamental pillar of a country’s development, and education plays a crucial role in shaping this quality. Education not only provides knowledge and skills but also builds attitudes, values, and competencies that enable individuals to contribute effectively to social and economic development. This study aims to examine how education can enhance human growth and improve the overall quality of human resources. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to thirty members of the general public. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to identify community perceptions regarding the importance of education in human development. The results show that the majority of respondents strongly believe that education has a significant positive impact on human growth. Education is perceived as an essential tool for improving critical thinking abilities, increasing productivity, and fostering awareness of the importance of active participation in national development processes. Furthermore, respondents indicated that education contributes to the development of discipline, creativity, and adaptability, which are necessary to face global challenges and technological changes. Education also plays an important role in reducing social inequality by providing equal opportunities for individuals to improve their quality of life. Overall, these findings confirm that improving the quality of education should be a top priority in national development strategies. High-quality education is essential to produce competitive, innovative, and superior human resources that can significantly contribute to sustainable national progress.

The rapid development of digitalization and innovation has become a key driver in improving business processes and the competitiveness of organizations worldwide. This study is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis examining the relationship between digitalization and innovation in business processes, to map the intellectual structure of this field, track the development of its themes, and identify remaining research gaps. This analysis, which utilizes data from Scopus processed using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software, covers publications from 2010 to 2024 and employs co-occurrence, co-authorship, and thematic evolution techniques. The results show a rapid growth in publications since 2016, peaking at over 110 publications in 2024. Eight key thematic clusters stand out: Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence, robotic process automation, blockchain, drivers, and agile business process management. Despite the field's maturity, it still suffers from high fragmentation, strong geographic concentration, and a reliance on cross-sectoral research designs. As a result, longitudinal insights remain limited, and digital transformation failure rates remain high, reaching up to 70%. This research presents the first quantitative and visual roadmap of global knowledge flows in this domain and underscores the need for longitudinal, geographically inclusive, and people-centric research to move beyond single-point understandings to a sustainable, context-sensitive framework that enhances both the theoretical depth and practical success of digital-based business process innovation

Corporate value plays a crucial role in evaluating the success and sustainability of a business entity, influenced by various internal factors such as special connections, transfer pricing practices, and the effective tax rate (ETR). This study aims to examine the impact of these variables on the value of companies in the property and real estate sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and to examine the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a moderating variable. The study's findings reveal that special relationships and less transparent transfer pricing practices generally decrease company value, while efficiency in ETR can increase it. CSR acts as a moderating factor, strengthening the positive relationship between internal variables and company value while reducing the negative risks of unethical practices. This study recommends the implementation of more solid governance and transparency in business activities to increase competitiveness and company value in the Indonesian property and real estate industry.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of small business development strategies in improving the income of traders in traditional markets around Medan City. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews, observations, and documentation involving three traders of fruit, vegetables, and tomatoes. The results show that each trader applies different strategies depending on the characteristics of their commodities and business capacity. Fruit and tomato traders tend to implement quality sorting, price adjustments, and trust-building through honest customer service. Meanwhile, the vegetable trader relies more on traditional approaches such as giving bonuses to customers. Market facilities significantly influence the effectiveness of business strategies, where traders with proper stalls are better able to maintain income stability compared to those using temporary tents in muddy and uncomfortable areas. Seasonal factors also strongly affect income fluctuation as they determine the quality and supply of commodities. This study concludes that small business development strategies in traditional markets are shaped not only by traders’ managerial abilities but also by market infrastructure conditions and external environmental factors. It is recommended that market managers improve market facilities to support the sustainability of small traders’ businesses.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the unemployment rate on economic growth in Riau Islands Province in 2024 using a descriptive–quantitative approach based on official data published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The analysis was conducted through year-on-year and quarter-to-quarter measurements of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), as well as the dynamics of the Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) throughout the year. The findings show that the average economic growth of the province in 2024 reached 5.02 percent, while the unemployment rate decreased from 6.94 percent in February to 6.39 percent in August. Pearson correlation analysis resulted in r = –0.98 (p < 0.05), indicating a very strong negative relationship between unemployment and GRDP growth. Meanwhile, the simple linear regression model produced the equation Ŷ = 5.45 – 0.22X with an R² of 0.96, implying that 96 percent of the variation in economic growth can be explained by changes in the unemployment rate. These findings are consistent with Okun’s Law, suggesting that increased industrial and trade activities in the province contribute to reducing unemployment. The study concludes that strengthening sectoral job creation, improving labor productivity, and enhancing labor market monitoring are crucial to support inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the Riau Islands Province.