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The development of technology and information has given rise to more and more startup businesses popping up. This is also accompanied by the existence of intellectual property as a startup business asset which is very important to be protected by law. Intellectual property can be in the form of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks owned by a startup business. This study aims to find out what legal protection for intellectual property will be in startup businesses, as well as the challenges and obstacles that startup businesses will face to protect their intellectual property. This research is normative with a qualitative approach to several startup business actors and legal policy makers who are involved in the legal protection of intellectual property in startup businesses. The results of the study show that legal protection of intellectual property in startup businesses can be done through registration of copyrights, patents, trademarks, and taking legal action against intellectual property violations. However, startup businesses experience problems in terms of costs and time to register intellectual property rights as well as a lack of legal awareness and knowledge of intellectual property protection. Therefore, there is a need for more intensive outreach and education about intellectual property law protection in startup businesses.

Language politeness is the values of politeness or ethics when speaking that are contained in the social rules of society. Language politeness plays an important role in communication because in communicating speakers not only pronounce the sounds of the language, but also ensures that the speech can be accepted by speech partners. Therefore, research on linguistic politeness is interesting to do, especially linguistic politeness in social media that is widely accessed by the public, one of which is the TikTok channel. This research was conducted to identify the principles of language politeness in 2 minutes 46 seconds video on @iamegamei's TikTok channel. The video criticizes the labeling of Indians as Vrindavan or Prindapan with negative connotations that are often done by Indonesian netizens. This research method uses descriptive qualitative pragmatic method with observing and note-taking techniques. Then the data is analyzed using a pragmatic equivalent method. From the research that has been conducted, it is found that the obedience and violation of language politeness thimbles. However, thimble violations dominate, causing language impoliteness in the TikTok video of @iamegamei's account.    

Speech acts in pragmatic science are divided into several types, one of which is representative speech acts. Speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth of what he says are representative speech acts. Speeches that include speech acts can be found in learning videos. Based on this, this study analyzes the representative speech acts contained in the learning video. The data used in the research is in the form of learning videos in the "Summary of Indonesian Language Materials Class 7 K-13" playlist on the Youtube channel "Edukasi Portal". This study aims to provide exposure and describe various representative speech acts contained in the data source. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. It was found in Chapter 1 ''Description Text'' material, 1 0 data were produced, 1 2 data was found in Chapter 2 ''National Text'', 9 representative speech data were found in Chapter 3 ''Procedural Text'' , and 12 speech data were found. on the material of Chapter 4 ''Text of Observation Results'' and as many as 12 data on the material of Chapter 5 ''People's Poetry''. This research is useful for readers in facilitating understanding of representative speech acts. With the analysis of representative speech acts, it is hoped that readers can fully understand and comprehend representative speech acts. This research is useful for readers in facilitating their understanding of representative speech acts .    

This research is motivated by the use of social media Twitter which attracts its users with informative and popular content. Twitter has succeeded in reaching users from various groups, from officials to the general public. The features in it allow for unlimited communication. This research focuses on analyzing the principles of jokes in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp. The principle of joking is a method that is intended to offend feelings by being friendly or in the form of a basis for making conclusions that are true and false; an intentional violation of the maxims of politeness; and disclosure of taboo things in a speech. In accordance with the focus of the research objectives, pragmatic theory is used and is related to the principle of jokes. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The listening method and note-taking technique were used as data collection methods. As the end of the research objective, results were obtained in the form of utterances in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp which contained utterances with the principle of joking. The research results were obtained from the classification and decomposition based on the type of joking speech, including satire, banter and jokes. The benefit of this research is to find out the principles of jokes contained in the tweets of related Twitter accounts.

A directive speech act is one of the types of speech acts intended by the speaker so that the speech partner takes action according to what is stated in his speech. The main problems in this study are (1) what are the directive speech acts contained in the learning videos on the Indonesian MKU playlist from the UNNES TV channel? And (2) what is the function of the directive speech act contained in the video. This study aims to determine the types of directive speech acts and their functions in learning videos on the Indonesian MKU playlist from the UNNES TV channel. This type of research includes qualitative descriptive research designed through data analysis research with qualitative methods which aims to describe and provide information about the problem under study by collecting data through documentation techniques. The results showed that there were four types of directive speech acts in the Indonesian MKU learning video, namely (1) direct speech acts with imperative mode, asking, soliciting, compulsion, request or request, asking and commanding; (2) Indirect speech acts with the mode of suggesting, asking, and requesting; (3) The literal speech act contains the same meaning and purpose of the speech; (4) Non-literal speech acts contain speech intentions that are different from the meaning or what is conveyed by the speaker to the speech partner. The directive speech act functions contained in the Indonesian MKU learning video include; (1) pleading, (2) asking, (3) suggesting, (4) ordering, and (5) inviting.

This qualitative study examines the effectiveness of logistics education within Indonesian transportation institutes' multimodal transportation programmes. Fifty cadets were analysed, revealing a positive perception of logistics education's importance and its significant impact on student competency and operational efficiency. Themes emerged highlighting cadets' strong understanding and application of logistical principles, leading to tangible improvements in transportation costs, service quality, and work processes. The findings underscore the critical role of logistics education in preparing students for careers in the transportation sector and improving the efficiency and sustainability of transportation systems. Recommendations include curriculum enhancement, professional development for educators, industry engagement, and the integration of technology. By implementing these recommendations, educational institutions can better align their programmes with industry needs and ensure graduates are equipped to address the sector's challenges. This research contributes to the discourse on transportation education, emphasising the importance of logistics education in shaping the future of multimodal transportation in Indonesia and beyond.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 50 cadets enrolled in Indonesian transportation institutes on collaboration between transportation education and industry. The research reveals a high perceived importance of industry-academia collaboration, highlighting its value in providing real-world experience and industry insights. However, challenges such as curriculum misalignment, limited practical training opportunities, and ineffective industry feedback mechanisms hinder effective collaboration. Recommendations include strengthening collaboration through internships and industry projects, regularly reviewing and updating curricula, expanding practical training opportunities, establishing structured industry feedback mechanisms, providing professional development for educators, and promoting lifelong learning. Implementing these recommendations can enhance collaboration, improve education programme relevance, and better prepare students for the transportation sector's demands. This research contributes to the development of a skilled workforce, driving the growth and competitiveness of the transportation industry in Indonesia.

The principle of cooperation is definitely needed in a conversation, because with this principle, speakers and interlocutors can communicate cooperatively. Apart from helping speakers and speech partners achieve common goals in conversation, the maxim of cooperation can also provide a framework for communication to be more efficient and effective, so that it can benefit speakers and speech partners. However, sometimes in a conversation, violations arise from the speaker or speech partner involved and result in a violation of the principle of cooperation. Violations in the principle of cooperation in a speech can cause information defects and give rise to disagreements between the speaker and the speech partner. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of determining and explaining the types of violations of the principle of cooperation in conversations on the content of Lost Youth: "Butchering Cheetahs So that Cheetahs Will Ride in the Afterlife". This research uses pragmatic theoretical methods as well as qualitative descriptive methodological approaches. Collection techniques. The data used is a note-taking technique, namely by watching the video again, then taking notes on conversations that contain violations of the maxim of cooperation. The results of the research show that violations of the principle of cooperation that occur in the content are dominated by violations of the maxim of quantity which is characterized by the discovery of 10 violations of data. , 4 data violations of the maxim of quality, 5 data violations of the maxim of manner, and no violations of the maxim of relevance were found.

This research aims to examine illocutionary speech acts in the text of the speech "Inauguration of Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Tarumanagara University by Tri Harso Karyono" . A descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis method was used as the research method . Data collection is carried out by recording and marking important points which will later be used as analysis material . The research results show that in speech texts, speakers use a lot of speech that leads to illocutionary speech acts. Four types of illocutionary speech acts are found in it. Namely assertive or representative, expressive, directive and declarative illocutionary speech acts . In this research, the function or use of illocutionary speech acts and speaker strategies will be described which makes the current research different from previous research . Even though there is already a lot of research out there that examines illocutionary speech acts , the author hopes that the research carried out this time can provide benefits for the development of pragmatics and broaden readers' horizons . Not only that, it is hoped that this study will also provide benefits to the general public and students majoring in Indonesian.    

Children in conflict with the law (ABH) who enter the detention center still have the right to be protected by law. So that legal protection for ABH is very important to run. that the existence of a child protection must be sought if we want to seek national development that can be satisfactory. Therefore, to strengthen the legal protection of children even if they are already in detention, there are several regulations that apply in the ius constitutum in Indonesia. The regulation according to the doctrine is called Child Law, which is a set of legal regulations governing children. This research is descriptive analysis. Data collection is carried out using documentation studies where all secondary data used in this study are collected using library research. Data processing is carried out to facilitate the analysis of data that has been obtained in accordance with the problems studied. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is a specification of the nature of research to examine between theory and practice on the protection and rights of child prisoners at Lubuk Pakam Correctional Institution. Special coaching institutions are regulated in Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning juvenile courts article 61 paragraph (2), Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System article 82 paragraph (1), and Law Number 23 of 2002 Article 9 paragraph (1) concerning child protection where in the education system provided to juvenile prisoners in accordance with their interests and talents, juvenile prisoners are entitled to obtain their rights such as education just like children who are not in conflict with the law or loss of independence in accordance with their interests and talents, and if there are juvenile prisoners who have abilities from others will get special education.    

Fraudulent acts are currently flourishing following the era and technology advancement. Laws and regulations are made to anticipate this, but the existing laws and regulations seem like unable to combat the crime amid their increase in occurrences. This research aims to: firstly, to identify law enforcement against the e-commerce-based frauds; and secondly, to identify the obstacles in criminal law enforcement against e-commerce- based frauds. This research was conducted by using normative juridical method through literature research by examining secondary data including legislation, research results, scientific journals and references. The research results describe that the e-commerce- based fraudulent acts in principle are similar to the conventional frauds but differ in the evidences or means of action as the latter uses electronic systems (computers, internet, telecommunications equipment). Therefore, the legal enforcement against this kind of frauds is still under the applicability of the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Law No. 19 of 2016 regarding Amendments to the Law No. 11 of 2008 regarding Information and Electronic Transactions. Further, the law enforcement against the fraudulent acts in electronic-based transactions has been prevented at least by the following five factors, the laws and regulations, law enforcers, infra-structure or facilities that support the law enforcement, community and cultural factors.      

Confiscation of assets regulated in criminal acts of corruption is based on Article 18 paragraph (1) of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The form of asset confiscation without punishment as an alternative to providing justice for the state and perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption consists of an asset confiscation system using the Non Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture model and implementing the mandate of UNCAC as the State. The establishment of legal rules regarding confiscation of assets without punishment as an alternative to providing justice for the state and perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption in realizing a welfare state, at least taken in several progressive legal steps, namely improving statutory regulations, strengthening coordination between law enforcement agencies, and accelerating finalize the Asset Recovery Act.

In the rapidly evolving digital age, video content has become one of the dominant and popular forms of communication. However, with the ease of access and dissemination of content, the risk of originality rights infringement has become increasingly high for content creators. This research aims to analyze the preventive measures that content creators can take when their originality rights are violated in video content. The research method involves analyzing the policies and features of major platforms such as YouTube and TikTok, as well as a review of the concept of copyright in applicable laws. The analysis shows that content creators can take effective preventive measures, including copyright registration, the addition of clear watermarks, active monitoring of content usage, and cooperation with platforms. While challenges remain, consistent preventive efforts and copyright awareness can help content creators protect their original works in the dynamic digital realm. This research provides practical guidance for content creators to maintain the integrity of their creativity and encourage a culture that respects originality rights in the digital environment.

This article aims to explore the legal framework relating to the protection of child victims of international abduction, as well as highlighting efforts that can be made to ensure security, welfare and fair solutions for the children involved. This study uses normative juridical legal research methods, namely This was done by examining statutory regulations and international conventions in the field of legal protection for child victims of international child abduction. The method used is library research or literature study. This research uses book sources and other data. This research was also carried out by reviewing and analyzing various kinds of literature. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the only international legal instrument specifically designed to deal with cases of transnational child abduction. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 of the 1980 Hague Convention concerning Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 provides a definition, what is meant by child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with their dignity and human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination.

Research on marketing efficiency analysis of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency aims to determine marketing channels, and analysis of marketing margins, as well as to determine whether the marketing efficiency of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District.This research was conducted in March 2022 in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency with farmers in Air Rambai Village. Data analysis used in this research is marketing channel analysis, marketing margin analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis. This data analysis was used for farmers and the 12 retailer respondents in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency.Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that the marketing channel of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency has two marketing channel patterns where the first marketing channel pattern sells white oyster mushrooms directly to end consumers, and the second marketing channel pattern is farmers sell to traders. retailers and then traders resell to final consumers. The marketing margin in the first marketing channel is Rp. 0, while in the second marketing channel it is Rp. 11,583. and the marketing efficiency of white oyster mushrooms in Air Rambai Village, Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency is said to be efficient.

Research on the role of extension workers in the development of women's farmer groups (KWT) in Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency aims to analyze the role of extension workers in the development of Women Farmers Groups (KWT) in Selupu Rejang District. The research was conducted in January 2022 in Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. Determination of the location is done intentionally (purposive sampling) with the consideration that this location is the center of agriculture in the Rejang Lebong highlands which has many farmer groups, one of which is the Women Farmers Group (KWT). This study has two types of primary data that are processed and analyzed, namely quantitative data and qualitative data. Qualitative data from the questionnaires in this study were collected and the answers were studied which then coded the data to obtain quantitative data. The collected data was statistically processed using SPSS for Windows and Microsoft Excel. Checking the completeness and consistency of the answers on the questionnaire sheets, diaries, and audio recordings was carried out at the stage of studying the answers to the questionnaire. The Microsoft Excel program was used at the data coding stage where all quantitative data obtained from the complete and per variable questionnaire answers were entered into the Microsoft Excel program. The stages in analyzing the data are Validity Test, Reliability Test, Likert Scale Analysis and Hypothesis Testing. The role of extension workers is very important in the development of the Women Farmers Group (KWT). Judging from the three categories, namely the role of the instructor as a mentor with a score of 77% in the high category, it can be said to be growing because KWT has been able to innovate by creating new things in farming activities and can also think that farming activities are not only limited to planting but can also perform processing in order to increase the selling value of agricultural products.

Based on the output of "Test Statistics", it is known that Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) feasible 0.012 is smaller than <0.05, it can be said that there is an average difference between before and before the PPKM Impact, then the key H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In the statistical table, the calculated Z value is -2.527, while the Z table value with an alpha of 5% or 0.05 is 1.96. While the Asymp value. Sig (2 tailed) was obtained 0.012 because Z count < Z table, namely -2.527 < 1.96 or a significance value of 0.012 <0.05 according to the statistical test used, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Based on the output of "Test Statistics", it is known that Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) is feasible 0.011, smaller than <0.05, it can be said that there is an average difference that occurs at the Business Coffee Shop between before and before, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In the statistical table, the calculated Z value is -2.539, while the Z table value with an alpha of 5% or 0.05 is 1.96. While the Asymp value. Sig (2 tailed) is obtained 0.01 because Z count < Z table is -2.539 < 1.96 or

The study of the Social and Economic Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Fruit Traders in Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency, aims to analyze the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fruit traders and analyze the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fruit traders in Curup District. This research was conducted in February - March 2022 in Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency, with the consideration that in Curup District is part of the livelihood as a livelihood and includes quite a lot of fruit traders. The analytical method used in this study is the Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis method, using the SPSS Statistics for windows software as a tool. Processed using excel software. The results showed that the impact of changes in social behavior and maintaining cleanliness that occurred to traders in Curup District, it has been tested that the indicator variables before and before the covid-19 pandemic on changes in attitude and maintaining cleanliness experienced a significant decrease from 0.05, meaning that there was a change between before and before the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic impact has been tested on indicators of changes in income before and before the covid-19 pandemic, the value of which is small from 0.05, which means there is a change, the covid-19 pandemic situation has a negative impact on economic traders causing a decrease in the monthly average

Road maintenance or upkeep is not an easy problem to do because it requires quite a large amount of money. This is what causes the government to appear slow in repairing road damage so that the damaged roads become worse and wider. In reality, so far the government has carried out road maintenance and repairs when the road was in a condition that was in serious disrepair, so it is certain that the costs required will be very large and it can also be ascertained that the losses suffered by road users while the road is damaged, are also very large. big or even worthless. However, in implementing the preservation program, proper management is required so that the preservation program can be carried out effectively and efficiently. The aim of this research is to determine the type of damage found on concrete roads in Maluku Village, Kec. Maritengngae District. Sidrap along 2 km and technical study of concrete road maintenance program in Maluku Village, District. Maritengngae District. Sidrap along 2 km. The results of the research show that the damage on the concrete road in Maluku Village, Kec. Maritengngae District. Sidrap has patch damage, edge damage, cracks, transverse cracks, longitudinal cracks and holes. The most dominant damage is damage to holes and damage to roads on the concrete road in Maluku Village, Kec. Maritengngae District. Sidrap has 2 types of treatment, including Periodic Maintenance and Routine Maintenance Program. And handling the most dominant type of damage from STA 0+000 to 2+000 is a routine maintenance program of 100%.

This community service program aims to empower productive economic businesses for poor communities in Mranggen District. Through various activities, this program focuses on identifying problems faced by economically disadvantaged community groups. The approach implemented includes training, guidance and mentoring in order to develop entrepreneurial skills, as well as identifying relevant business opportunities in the region. Apart from that, this program also seeks to improve existing business management so that it is more efficient and has a positive impact on increasing family income. With this approach, this community service program aims to make a real contribution to reducing poverty levels and improving the welfare of the community in Mranggen District, as well as encouraging sustainable economic development in the region.