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This study aims to analyze the struggle of the main character in achieving superiority in the novel Adiba by Mairisa Elvia. This struggle is rooted in the feelings of inferiority experienced by the main character since childhood. Through the individual psychology approach of Alfred Adler and qualitative descriptive methods, this research reveals the forms of the character's struggle in responding to traumatic experiences, social pressures, and inner conflicts that affect the direction of her life. Data were collected from quotes of narration, dialogue, or actions of the characters in the novel that reflect the effort to overcome feelings of helplessness and achieve meaningful life goals. Data collection techniques were conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking of relevant parts of the text. The data were analyzed using content analysis to unveil the meanings behind actions, dialogues, and narratives related to the dynamics of the character's struggle. The research results show that the struggle towards superiority is demonstrated through hard work, a never-give-up attitude, and a drive to be beneficial to others. The main character not only struggles to overcome personal weaknesses but also shows a transformation of personality through constructive and social achievements. This process reflects an individual's journey in shaping a lifestyle and ultimate goals as compensation for the feelings of inferiority they once experienced. This study concludes that the psychological aspects in literary works can provide a deeper understanding of the motivations and personality dynamics of the characters, as well as enrich literary analysis with an interdisciplinary approach.

Graphology is a science that studies a person's personality and character through handwriting. This activity aims to introduce Sahid University Surakarta students to graphological analysis methods as a tool for understanding themselves and others. This seminar was conducted as part of a community service program, with a target audience of students and the general public. The method used in this service is the lecture method. The resource person also uses lecture and practice methods which are more effective and can be used in the community service process. The results of the activity showed that participants gained new insights into their potential and practical techniques to improve interpersonal understanding.

This study examines efforts to improve fourth-grade students' disciplinary character through the implementation of principal's democratic leadership style and teacher personality competence at SDK Riangwulu, East Flores. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research was conducted over two weeks involving the principal, fourth-grade homeroom teacher, and fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results show that students' disciplinary character is in a good category across four indicators: compliance with school rules, compliance with learning activities, compliance in completing assignments, and neatness in wearing uniforms. The principal's democratic leadership style is implemented through consensus-based policies, high tolerance, creating a family atmosphere, and good communication. Teacher personality competence is reflected in the ability to be a role model, build positive relationships with students, and create authority through personality consistency. The main finding shows a positive synergy between the principal's democratic leadership and teacher personality competence that creates a conducive environment for forming students' disciplinary character. This research contributes theoretically to understanding systemic approaches in character education and provides practical implications for developing character formation strategies at the elementary education level.

Entering the 21st century era, education is required to not only develop cognitive aspects, but also the character and life skills of students. One important ability that needs to be cultivated is empathy as the foundation of healthy and humanist social interaction. This article examines the role of dance appreciation in shaping students' empathy through a literature review approach. Dance appreciation is seen not only as an activity of observing performances, but also as a process of appreciating the meaning, culture, and emotions implied in dance movements. Through this process, learners not only train aesthetic sensitivity, but also develop critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (4C) skills. In addition, dance appreciation can be a safe space for self-reflection, development of social awareness, and the formation of a more empathetic character. Thus, dance has a strategic contribution in answering the challenges of 21st century education, especially in building a cultured young generation and noble personality.

Pregnancy is a physically and mentally challenging phase for a woman. Changes in hormones, physical condition, and demands from the social environment can cause stress and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of mindfulness techniques as a way to cope with stress for pregnant women. This study used a qualitative methodology with a case study approach, involving three participants from a pregnant women's class held at Padangsari Community Health Center. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and case study analysis, then the data were analyzed using thematic and narrative approaches. The findings of this study show that of the three participants, only one managed to apply mindfulness consistently, characterized by understanding and awareness of the changes she was experiencing, acceptance of the emotions that arose, and active engagement in the pregnancy experience. Meanwhile, the other two participants showed limitations in aspects of mindfulness, including self-observation, emotional disclosure, and social support, especially from their spouses. External factors such as the role of the husband as a support system and internal factors related to personality and daily routines influenced how effective the mindfulness application was. This study concludes that the application of mindfulness can help pregnant women manage stress and improve their emotional health, but also requires support from the environment and regular practice.  

This article explores strategic approaches in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) based on the values of the Qur'an and Hadith as a transformative effort to shape students’ character and personality grounded in divine principles. Using the library research method, this study identifies key components in IRE learning, such as the integration of values into learning objectives and materials, the exemplary role of teachers, the development of a spiritually conducive learning environment, and value-oriented evaluation methods. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of IRE learning is highly influenced by the alignment of value content, pedagogical strategies, and educational climate that supports the holistic internalization of Islamic values. By prioritizing humanistic, contextual, and spiritual approaches, Islamic education serves as a vital instrument in forming ideal individuals prepared to face modern challenges with moral integrity and religious commitment.

The main problem in this study lies in the lack of a deep and comprehensive understanding of child development from the perspective of Islamic psychology, especially in the context of education. In fact, understanding the stages of child development is very important to design appropriate educational approaches holistically. This study aims to explain the definition of child development psychology, identify psychological concepts in Islamic teachings that are relevant to child growth, and analyze how the principles of Islamic psychology can be applied in child education. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, which examines various literatures from modern psychology and classical Islamic sources. The results show that Islam provides a strong conceptual foundation in understanding child development, which includes a balance between intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and moral aspects. Educational psychology in Islam also emphasizes the importance of the active role of parents, teachers, and the surrounding environment in shaping children's character and personality. Thus, the integration between modern psychological theories and Islamic values can be a strategic foothold in developing a child education system that is not only academic, but also oriented towards the formation of noble morals and character.

This study aims to understand the essence of the Indonesian human and the personality assumptions of counselors and counselees in the Suryomentaraman counseling approach. This counseling emphasizes local wisdom and Indonesian spirituality rooted in true consciousness values. The research used a literature study method based on primary and secondary recent sources. The results show that the Suryomentaraman approach reconstructs the roles of counselor and counselee as conscious beings within the unity of life, rejecting Western binary dichotomies in counseling. This study’s implication enriches culturally-based counseling practices in Indonesia.

This article aims to explore the psychological values presented in the series Daily Dose of Sunshine. Released in 2023, this medical-themed series addresses mental health issues and portrays the emotional and psychological journeys of its characters. As a series that highlights mental health, it plays a significant role in raising awareness and understanding of mental health problems. The objective of this study is to examine how the series represents psychological concepts related to mental health through the depiction of various psychological disorders. The method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative. This approach is used to observe and describe data found in the Daily Dose of Sunshine series. The data analyzed includes dialogues between characters and scenes containing psychological values. The findings indicate that the series presents several types of mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, delusions, schizophrenia, dissociative amnesia, borderline personality disorder (BPD), pseudodementia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. These disorders are conveyed through dialogues and textual elements within scenes that depict each specific mental illness. Moreover, the series also illustrates other mental health issues such as insomnia, gaslighting, self-harm, and panic attacks.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a crucial stage in shaping children's character and personality. This study aims to identify the characteristics of early childhood and analyze the role of teachers in supporting children's character development through an observational approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with direct observation techniques in one of the Kindergartens in Gorontalo City. The results of the observation show that early childhood has unique characteristics, such as spontaneity, high curiosity, and egocentric tendencies. However, challenges were also found in character development, such as lack of independence and unstable emotions. Teachers have a strategic role in overcoming these challenges through an individual approach, effective communication, and the creation of a conducive learning environment. The strategies implemented include providing examples of positive behavior, routine habits, and play activities that support children's character development. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of the characteristics of early childhood by educators to create an effective and enjoyable learning process, as well as to shape children's characters who are independent and emotionally stable.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to social conflict due to emotional immaturity and the search for self-identity. Amidst the increasing cases of violence and intolerance among adolescents, Christian Religious Education (PAK) has strategic potential in forming peaceful characters and constructive conflict resolution skills. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through an in-depth literature review of various literature and scientific journals from the last five to ten years. The results of the study indicate that PAK plays a role in internalizing the values ​​of love, forgiveness, tolerance, and justice that are relevant to building a culture of peace. In addition, PAK also contributes to forming a healthy social identity among adolescents, strengthening multicultural awareness, and providing skills in resolving conflicts non-violently. The instillation of these values ​​is carried out through a holistic approach that includes cognitive, affective, and practical learning. Christian Religious Education not only forms religious understanding, but also plays a role as a means of social transformation amidst the complex reality of conflict. Thus, PAK can be an important element in efforts to prevent conflict and form a young generation with a peaceful personality.  These findings are expected to be the basis for developing a curriculum and practice of Christian education that is more responsive to the social challenges faced by today's youth.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This study aims to describe the psychological elements of the character Kinan based on the id, ego and superego in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy asf, to describe the form of psychological problems in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf, and to describe the form of conflict defense mechanisms in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf. The research used a qualitative approach. While the method used is the content analysis method. The source of funds in this study is the text of the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf published by RDM Publisher in 2020, the first printing. The data collection technique is a written documentation technique. The data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive technique. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Psychological elements of the Kinan character were found based on the id, ego and superego, namely there is an uncomfortable id, a pain id and an unfulfilled need id, there is an angry ego in the Kinan character and there is that there a high personal standard superego, (2) It was found were 5 psychological problems in the Kinan character, including: mood disorders based on subjective feelings consisting of feelings of sadness, anger and disappointment, there were anxiety disorders, stress disorders, somatoform disorders and personality disorders including: adventitious, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic and narcissistic.

Family education serves as the fundamental basis for shaping a child’s personality and character. As the first and foremost environment in a child’s life, the family plays a crucial role in instilling moral, social, religious, and cultural values that form the foundation of personal development. This study aims to examine the role and function of family education in character formation from an early age. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review. The results show that families who actively carry out their educational role tend to raise children with positive character traits such as discipline, responsibility, and empathy. Family education proves to be a vital foundation before a child enters formal education.   Keywords: family education, child character, parental role, moral values, personality development

This study aims to determine the effect of understanding inclusive education on the readiness to teach children with special needs (ABK) in prospective Indonesian language teachers. The research method used is quantitative research with an associative approach, using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers. A comprehensive understanding of inclusive education is an important foundation in improving the pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies of prospective teachers. However, the survey results show that the ability to plan lessons, readiness to teach, and readiness to create ABK-friendly learning tools are still relatively low. The main challenges faced by prospective teachers are the lack of practical experience, the lack of examples of inclusive open materials, and the continuing stigma against ABK. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the understanding of inclusive education through curriculum integration, field experience, and the development of inclusive teaching materials so that the readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers can be optimally increased.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Keke in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan using the literary psychology approach developed by Sigmund Freud. The main focus of this study lies in the main aspects of personality possessed by humans that have been stated in the psychoanalytic theory approach of Sigmund Freud. These three approaches include the idea of ego and super ego, which in it represent the basic structure in the development of human personality. The results of this analysis indicate that the character Keke has a strong ID which is reflected through the instinctive drive to survive and avoid the suffering that comes from the cancer he has. The aspect of the elder brother's ego is seen from his rational attitude in facing the reality of life, such as in his decision to continue going to school and undergoing chemotherapy for his recovery. While the last aspect, namely the super ego, is stated to be more prominent than other aspects, the super ego aspect possessed by Keke stands out in the form of moral toughness, religious values and social responsibility, for example when he tells his family not to be sad and not to sacrifice all his wealth for the treatment of his illness. These three aspects of personality interact with each other and form a balanced personality between each other even though they are in a bad condition. Through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud, the character of Keke in the novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan, the character of Keke is stated as a character who can inspire and has very high moral values. The analysis of this novel also proves that the psychoanalytic theory owned by Sigmund Freud is very effective in exploring the inner depths of a character and can understand the emotional and spiritual complexity in dealing with the suffering felt by a character in his story.

This article examines the roles and applications of various types of psychological tests in personality assessment, particularly contrasting projective tests with objective tests. Psychological tests are not intended to determine pass or fail outcomes, but rather to gain a deep understanding of an individual’s psychological aspects. Projective tests, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), are utilized to reveal latent personality traits through ambiguous stimuli. In contrast, objective tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) are designed to produce consistent and quantifiable data. This study employed a library research method, reviewing both primary and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive overview. In counseling practice, the choice of psychological test depends on the assessment goals and the client's conditions. The article emphasizes the necessity for professional competence and ethical considerations, including cultural sensitivity and the ability to accurately interpret test results.

Psychological assessment is a crucial component in the practice of guidance and counseling, because it provides an objective foundation for counselors in understanding psychological, emotional, and behavioral conditions. Through the assessment process, counselors can identify client problems more accurately, and design interventions that are appropriate to the client's needs. the article comprehensively discusses psychological assessments in supporting the counseling process, types of assessments that are often used in counseling practice, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and psychometric tests, such as personality tests, intelligence tests, and depression scales. the selection of assessment tools that can be adjusted to the goals and characteristics of the client, can accelerate guidance and counseling to be more focused and meaningful.

Psychological tests are important tools used to uncover various aspects of an individual's personality according to the needs of psychological assessment. One widely used form of psychological testing is the personality test, which is generally divided into two main types: objective and projective. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of both types of tests in uncovering aspects of an individual's personality by comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages. The research method used was a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely through a review of various scientific articles, research journals, and relevant literature sources discussing the use of objective and projective personality tests. The results show that each type of test has distinct characteristics and functions. Objective tests are considered more reliable, efficient, and easy to interpret, while projective tests provide a more in-depth picture of an individual's personality dynamics but require more subjective interpretation. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the ideal conditions and timing for use of both types of tests and presents case studies of the application of each test in the context of psychological assessment.