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This study examines in depth the responsibility of the Pangkalpinang City Government in maintaining environmental cleanliness. Such responsibility is not merely an administrative obligation but a constitutional mandate as stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Every citizen, including the people of Pangkalpinang, has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, while the local government is obliged to ensure the fulfillment of this right. This research analyzes the extent to which the local government has carried out its responsibilities through preventive measures (such as formulating regulations and supervising permits) and enforcement actions (including imposing sanctions and restoring the environment). The findings reveal several obstacles, such as limited budget, weak inter-agency coordination, and low public awareness regarding environmental cleanliness. Therefore, although the legal framework is well established, strong commitment, synergy, and continuous efforts from all stakeholders are required to realize a clean and sustainable Pangkalpinang City.

Digital transformation in hospitals through the Digital Hospital concept (HIMSS EMRAM) aims to improve efficiency and reduce the potential for human error. RS Panti Abdi Dharma Cirebon has initiated the implementation of digital systems since 2015; however, several technical obstacles remain in its execution. Nurses, as the primary care providers, frequently face challenges in using electronic nursing documentation, which can negatively impact the quality of service and the continuity of patient care. This community service activity aims to enhance nurses' proficiency in using digital nursing documentation systems to support the improvement of healthcare quality and patient safety. The activity is conducted through three main steps: 1) Situational analysis and identification of technical constraints via questionnaires; 2) Technical training and coaching regarding the standardized structure of electronic nursing care documentation; 3) Evaluation of results by comparing the results/values of digital document completeness observations. Through this activity, a significant increase in nurses' knowledge and skills in operating the hospital information system is expected. It is also anticipated that there will be an improvement in the completeness of nursing care documentation, thereby minimizing medical risks and strengthening RS Panti Abdi Dharma's position towards national accreditation standards.

The development of information technology has transformed civil dispute resolution mechanisms in Indonesia, most notably through the issuance of Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 3 of 2022 on Electronic Mediation in Courts. Despite the normative framework it provides, the implementation of electronic mediation continues to face persistent challenges, particularly regarding limited digital infrastructure, low digital literacy among disputing parties, and insufficient technical capacity of mediators. More critically, when electronic mediation fails to produce a settlement agreement, the subsequent enforcement of civil court decisions encounters serious normative gaps not yet adequately addressed by existing legal instruments. This study aims to identify and analyze the causes of civil judgment enforcement failures arising in the context of failed electronic mediation under PERMA Number 3 of 2022, and to propose normative solutions for the identified regulatory gaps. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study finds that the primary causes of enforcement failure include the absence of clear legal standards governing electronically signed peace deeds, weak synchronization between PERMA Number 3 of 2022 and civil procedural law on execution, and procedural obstacles in enforcing decisions that originate from electronic proceedings. This study recommends targeted regulatory reform to ensure that peace agreements resulting from electronic mediation carry unambiguous executorial force and that enforcement mechanisms are adapted to accommodate the distinctive characteristics of electronic dispute resolution.

Organized cross-border crimes that deprive human rights, namely the Crime of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO), often use population migration routes as the main entry route. This research seeks to review how criminal law is applied to trafficking perpetrators who take advantage of immigration access, as well as uncover the obstacles that arise when law enforcement is carried out in the area of the Class II Immigration Office of TPI Belawan. This study adopts an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative analysis framework. Information collection was carried out through the review of regulatory documents and in-depth discussions with officials at the Class II Immigration Office of TPI Belawan. The research findings indicate that enforcement efforts against trafficking cases in the Belawan operational area rely on Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking and Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. It was identified that the modes of violation that often occur are falsification of travel documents and the abuse of residence permits to facilitate the sending of illegal migrant workers abroad. Significant obstacles faced include challenges in proving criminal elements, disconnection of the perpetrator network, and lack of synergy between law enforcement agencies in the port area. In closing, improving immigration surveillance capabilities and strengthening partnerships are important means to reduce the threat of human trafficking through the sea route in the Belawan area.

ABSTRACT Family dynamics such as prolonged conflicts, the existence of domestic violence, divorce, and the absence of one parent figure in the family, have become international issues. Children are often victims of parental problems. Parents often vent their emotions to their children in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. There are still many parents who think that educating children with violence is a way to discipline children. In this study, the approach method applied is a normative juridical approach by examining data obtained from books, journals, the internet, laws and regulations, or scientific papers related to this writing. Based on the results of the study, we know that by 2025, Indonesia will have recorded 2,416 cases of violence committed by parents, based on data that occurred during the official SIMFONI-PPA period.  Children have the right to be able to live a prosperous life and be guaranteed their growth and development in the future. But in practice, parents are still very irresponsible for it. In overcoming these problems, the Indonesian government and the international community have made efforts with regulations and institutions related to the protection of children's rights. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study emphasizes the importance of improving the protection of children's rights in family dynamics based on the framework of Indonesian and International Law.   Keywords: family dynamics, protection of children's rights, challenges and obstacles.

Money laundering is a derivative crime that is frequently associated with corruption and has the potential to cause significant losses to state finances. Efforts to recover assets derived from criminal activities constitute an essential aspect of law enforcement aimed at restoring state losses and creating a deterrent effect for perpetrators. This study aims to analyze the authority of public prosecutors in the investigation of money laundering crimes as well as the mechanisms for state asset recovery based on the authority of the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office. The research method employed is normative juridical research using statutory and case approaches. The results of this study indicate that the Attorney General’s Office possesses clear and legally valid authority to conduct investigations into money laundering crimes as regulated under Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering and the Law on the Attorney General’s Office. Prosecutors are authorized to trace, seize, confiscate, and recover assets derived from criminal acts without first proving the predicate offense. This study further emphasizes that although the authority of the Attorney General’s Office has been normatively regulated, in practice, state asset recovery continues to face various obstacles, both in substantive and procedural law, such as inconsistencies in statutory regulations and the suboptimal implementation of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture. Therefore, strengthening regulations and harmonizing legal policies are necessary to ensure that state asset recovery through the handling of money laundering crimes can be carried out more effectively and provide legal certainty.

UMKM Digital transformation in local governance is an important instrument in realizing the principles of good governance, especially in regions with complex geographical challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of e-government implementation at the district level in encouraging community participation in the local development planning process, using a case study of the Fof District Office, Tambrauw Regency. The methods used were descriptive qualitative through field observations, in-depth interviews with district officials and community leaders, and analysis of development documents. The data was analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of e-government in Fef District is in a transition phase. Bureaucratic digitization improves administrative efficiency and transparency of public information. However, its effectiveness in expanding community participation is still low. The main obstacles include limited telecommunications infrastructure in several villages and low community digital literacy. As a result, participation in Musrenbang remains dominated by conventional mechanisms, while digital platforms serve primarily as a means of one-way reporting. This study emphasizes that the success of digital transformation depends on the readiness of infrastructure and community capacity, so a hybrid approach that integrates technology with local wisdom is needed to strengthen participation in regional development.

This research is motivated by the urgency of effective Islamic Education Management (MPI) as a prerequisite for enhancing the role of Islamic Education (PAI) teachers in shaping students’ religious character amid the challenges of digitalization and institutional coordination constraints. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of MPI experienced by PAI teachers, the interaction among stakeholders, and the teachers’ perceptions of its effectiveness at PKPPS Minhajurrosyidin, East Jakarta. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study and phenomenological approach, data were collected through triangulation (interviews, observations, and document studies) and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that MPI is an essential structural mediating variable. The optimization of MPI—particularly in terms of digital facility support and professional training—significantly enhances the effectiveness of PAI teachers as Uswah Hasanah and as facilitators of adaptive and scientific learning. However, the main obstacle lies in the lack of horizontal coordination among teachers in holistically integrating Values-Based Education. The implications of this study emphasize the need for formal managerial policies to ensure collective responsibility in character formation.

Public services are a state obligation to meet the basic needs of the community and have a strong legal basis through various laws and regulations in Indonesia. However, in practice, the implementation of public services still faces various problems such as slow service processes, unclear procedures, lack of transparency in costs and service times, and maladministration. This study aims to analyze the gap between the normative concept of public services and their implementation in practice and to identify factors that influence the low quality of public services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research through analysis of various literature, laws and regulations, and data from public service supervisory agencies. The results show that the main problems in public services in Indonesia are related to the weak implementation of service standards, low transparency and accountability, and suboptimal professionalism of the apparatus. In addition, maladministration practices such as prolonged delays and procedural deviations are still common. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government is one effort to improve service quality, although its implementation still faces obstacles in human resources, infrastructure, and bureaucratic culture. Therefore, strengthening public service governance, increasing transparency, and optimizing oversight are necessary to ensure public services are more effective, accountable, and oriented toward the public interest.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with high economic value. Vaname shrimp production in Indonesia continues to increase. However, obstacles sometimes arise in cultivation activities, such as the emergence of shrimp diseases and poor water quality. High stocking density and shrimp feeding can cause a decline in water quality. In addition, pond water quality is influenced by pond location and the surrounding environment, such as agriculture, settlements, mangroves, and the sea. This causes ponds to have different water qualities. One of the diseases that often attacks shrimp farming is caused by the bacterium Vibrio sp. The abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria is closely related to pond water quality and the environmental conditions around the pond. The methods used were TPC testing and multiple linear regression testing. Based on the results of the study, the abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria in pond A was the highest at 8.3 x 102, and pond C had the lowest at 3.1 x 102. Water quality testing in three different ponds showed safe limits for cultivation, except for nitrite testing. Based on the simple linear regression test, the water quality parameters that significantly affect the abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria are pH, temperature, and nitrite.  

This research aims to analyze the juridical mechanism and implementation of canceling unilateral actions by bankrupt debtors through the actio pauliana lawsuit, providing legal protection for creditors. Debtors often transfer assets before bankruptcy, reducing the value of the bankruptcy estate and harming creditors. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study explores the legal basis of Article 1341 of the Indonesian Civil Code, as elaborated by Articles 41 to 50 of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUKPKPU). The analysis shows that canceling unilateral actions, such as asset transfers, grants, or debt waivers, requires evidence of bad faith and awareness of potential losses by both debtors and third parties. This lawsuit serves as a claw-back provision to retrieve assets that were wrongfully removed from the bankruptcy estate, ensuring the pari passu pro rata parte principle. The main obstacle is proving the subjective element of "knowledge" and the conflict of interest with protecting third parties acting in good faith. In conclusion, strengthening the curator’s role and aligning the interpretation of commercial court judges is crucial to protect creditors' economic rights from manipulative actions by debtors.

Interpersonal communication is the main foundation in the process of communication and interaction in life, including in the context of caregivers and children with disabilities at orphanages, enabling the creation of emotional closeness, also known as bonding. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The results of this study illustrate that the interaction process between caregivers and children with disabilities occurs through interpersonal communication involving the use of verbal and nonverbal communication. In addition, emotional closeness through the communication process does not form immediately, but rather through stages leading to emotional closeness established in the interaction between caregivers and children with disabilities at the Bhakti Luhur Orphanage in Baumata Village. Nevertheless, in the interaction process, there are certainly obstacles that disrupt the effectiveness of communication and interaction, namely limitations in resources, learning challenges in interacting with children with special needs, and communication problems such as miscommunication. However, all of these can be overcome by caregivers who strive to become parental figures for children with disabilities through evaluation processes and intensive approaches with each child.

Kalingara Village still faces various obstacles in financial administration. Problems in general occur such as manual financial records, a long-time report making process, and data storage that is less organized and prone to loss or damage. This condition makes it difficult for village officials, especially the treasurer and village secretary, to search for data, prepare reports, and make decisions based on valid and up-to-date financial data. This research uses software engineering research methods with descriptive and qualitative approaches. This research is focused on the process of designing and developing a web-based information system for village financial administration, which aims to solve real problems in Kalingara village. The design of the Village financial administration information system in presenting information can be used as a reference in the development of the system by the next researcher and facilitate the creation of an information system for the processing of financial administration data in the village.

This study aims to analyze the persuasive communication carried out by Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor in educating waste management among the people of Kupang City and to identify the obstacles faced in the communication process.This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and is based on a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The informants consist of the managers of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor and community members who participate as waste bank customers. Data analysis is conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The theoretical framework applied in this study is Joseph A. DeVito’s persuasive communication theory.The results show that the persuasive communication of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is implemented through several strategies, including direct socialization, waste management education, storytelling approaches, and hands-on practices in waste sorting and management. The communication process is carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation,and evaluation. This persuasive communication has been able to increase public awareness and understanding of the importance of proper waste management, although community participation has not yet been fully optimal. The obstacles encountered include cognitive or perceptual barriers, technical limitations, and a lack of public awareness and consistency in sorting waste.This study concludes that persuasive communication plays an important role in community-based waste management education. Therefore, Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is encouraged to continuously develop innovative and sustainable communication strategies to further enhance community participation in waste management efforts in Kupang City.

The development of the cosmetics industry has had both positive and negative impacts on consumers, particularly in Medan City. The high demand for cosmetics has driven irresponsible business actors to produce and distribute cosmetics without distribution permits from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM). This study aims to analyze the role of BPOM in supervising illegal cosmetics, examine criminal sanction enforcement, and identify obstacles faced by PPNS investigators at BBPOM Medan. A qualitative empirical juridical approach with field research method was used, employing in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The primary informant is the Head of BBPOM Medan. Results show BPOM supervises through pre-market and post-market control, enforcement, and public education. Criminal sanctions under Article 435 of Law No. 17 of 2023 impose up to 12 years imprisonment or Rp5 billion fine. Key obstacles include limited investigator legal expertise, budget constraints, low public participation, fleeing suspects, and files returned by prosecutors. Strengthening investigator capacity, improving inter-agency coordination, and increasing public awareness are urgently needed.

The Uninhabitable House Rehabilitation Program (RTLH) is a government policy aimed at improving the quality of housing for low-income communities while simultaneously supporting the acceleration of the eradication of extreme poverty. Although it has been implemented in various regions, the implementation of the RTLH program has shown varying achievements, thus requiring a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the RTLH Program in Indonesia based on William N. Dunn's six policy evaluation indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of scientific articles discussing the evaluation of the RTLH Program in various regions. The analysis was conducted by reviewing previous research findings based on the six policy evaluation indicators. The results of the study indicate that the RTLH Program is able to improve the quality of community housing and has received a positive response from beneficiaries. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as budget limitations, equal distribution of beneficiaries, and data updates. Therefore, strengthening funding, data collection, and coordination between stakeholders is needed for more optimal and sustainable program implementation.

This study aims to analyze public service innovation through the Sobat Dukcapil Website Program at the Tangerang City Population and Civil Registration Office in improving the quality of population administration services. The study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The analysis was conducted using Everett M. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory, which includes five characteristics of innovation, namely relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. The results show that the Sobat Dukcapil Website has relative advantages in terms of time efficiency, reduced queues, and easy access to online services. This innovation is also considered appropriate for the needs of urban communities and the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) policy. However, there are still obstacles in terms of complexity, particularly related to the digital literacy of the community and technical system disruptions.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

This research was motivated by the low Food Security Index in Serang City, particularly in Unyur Village, which became the target area of the Safe Food Village Program initiated by the Serang BBPOM in 2021. The program aims to increase community independence in achieving sustainable food safety through community empowerment, especially among housewives. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Safe Food Village Program in Unyur Village. The research used a descriptive qualitative method and applied the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation model as the analytical framework. The results indicate that the program implementation has not yet run optimally or sustainably on an independent basis. The main obstacles include poor communication and coordination between village authorities and food safety cadres, limited human resources and lack of financial incentives for cadres, low leadership commitment in integrating the program into village work plans, and budget limitations after BBPOM intervention ended. Nevertheless, the social conditions and community infrastructure in Unyur Village actually have strong potential to support program sustainability if utilized strategically by the village government.

Ship berthing and departure planning is one of the crucial aspects in supporting the operational effectiveness of shipping companies. This study aims to analyze the important role of planners in ship berthing and departure activities in supporting marketing activities at PT. Nusantara Pasifik Sentosa Belawan. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach through observation and documentation study. The findings indicate that well-planned and coordinated ship berthing and departure activities provide a significant contribution to customer satisfaction, delivery punctuality, and the company’s image in the eyes of business partners. Effective planning also helps the company maintain service reliability and improve operational efficiency in port activities. However, several obstacles were identified, including lack of coordination between departments, limited information flow, and schedule disruptions caused by external factors such as weather conditions and port congestion. These challenges can affect the smoothness of operational activities and indirectly influence the company’s marketing performance. Therefore, strategies are required to improve human resource competencies, enhance digital communication systems, and strengthen cross-sector collaboration. With a well-structured planning system, PT.Nusantara Pasifik Sentosa is expected to improve its service quality and increase its competitiveness in the national shipping industry.