Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor

Annisa Rizky Nadya ; Monica Erda Amalia ; Nadia Lutfi Natasya ; Rizha Claudilla Putri
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana 📅 2026 Vol 3, No 1 🔗 DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i1.1539
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the juridical mechanism and implementation of canceling unilateral actions by bankrupt debtors through the actio pauliana lawsuit, providing legal protection for creditors. Debtors often transfer assets before bankruptcy, reducing the value of the bankruptcy estate and harming creditors. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study explores the legal basis of Article 1341 of the Indonesian Civil Code, as elaborated by Articles 41 to 50 of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUKPKPU). The analysis shows that canceling unilateral actions, such as asset transfers, grants, or debt waivers, requires evidence of bad faith and awareness of potential losses by both debtors and third parties. This lawsuit serves as a claw-back provision to retrieve assets that were wrongfully removed from the bankruptcy estate, ensuring the pari passu pro rata parte principle. The main obstacle is proving the subjective element of "knowledge" and the conflict of interest with protecting third parties acting in good faith. In conclusion, strengthening the curator’s role and aligning the interpretation of commercial court judges is crucial to protect creditors' economic rights from manipulative actions by debtors.
Keywords
Actio Pauliana; Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy Estate; Creditor Rights; Unilateral Action
How to Cite

Annisa Rizky Nadya, et al. (2026). Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor. Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.62383/referendum.v3i1.1539

Annisa Rizky Nadya; Monica Erda Amalia; Nadia Lutfi Natasya; Rizha Claudilla Putri, "Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor," Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, vol. 3, no. 1, 2026.

Annisa Rizky Nadya; Monica Erda Amalia; Nadia Lutfi Natasya; Rizha Claudilla Putri. "Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor." Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, vol. 3, no. 1, 2026.

Annisa Rizky Nadya; Monica Erda Amalia; Nadia Lutfi Natasya; Rizha Claudilla Putri. "Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor." Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana 3, no. 1 (2026).

Annisa Rizky Nadya, et al. (2026) 'Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor', Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, 3(1). doi: 10.62383/referendum.v3i1.1539.

Annisa Rizky Nadya; Monica Erda Amalia; Nadia Lutfi Natasya; Rizha Claudilla Putri. Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Tindakan Unilateral Debitur Pailit Melalui Gugatan Actio Pauliana Demi Melindungi Hak-Hak Kreditor. Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana. 2026;3(1).

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