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This study aims to develop a junior high school mathematics e-module based on local culture at the Van der Wijck Fortress complex to enhance students’ mathematical reasoning skills and learning interest. Specifically, the objectives are: (1) to describe the characteristics of the local culture-based e-module that can improve reasoning ability and learning motivation, and (2) to produce a high-quality e-module that meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research employed the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The participants consisted of one teacher, 31 students in the experimental class, and 32 students in the control class at a public junior high school in Kebumen Regency. The instruments used included validation sheets for media and material, competency tests, mathematical reasoning tests, learning interest questionnaires, and practicality assessment forms for teachers and students. The results showed that the e-module possesses characteristics of being self-instructional, self-contained, stand-alone, adaptive, and user-friendly. Product validity was confirmed through expert validation with average scores of 4.26 for media and 4.35 for material (very valid). The validation of instruments obtained average scores ranging from 4.5 to 4.92, categorized as very valid. Practicality was demonstrated through teacher assessments of 92%, student assessments of 85%, and learning implementation of 94% (all very practical). Effectiveness testing using the Multivariate Hotelling’s T² test indicated significant differences between experimental and control classes in competency test scores, mathematical reasoning, and learning interest. Therefore, the local culture-based mathematics e-module is proven valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ mathematical reasoning and learning motivation.

This research aims to: (1) produce mathematics learning media in the form of interactive e-modules with a learning approach.realistic mathematics education (RME) which is oriented towards numerical ability and mathematical growth mindset students and describe their characteristics; (2) describe the quality of the learning e-module which meets the criteria of being valid, practical and effective so that it is suitable for use by junior high school students using the approach realistic mathematics education (RME). The development model used in this development research is the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects consisted of one teacher and 32 seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Pajangan in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, who participated in this research.The results of the study show that the developed e-module has the following main characteristics: (1) using the RME approach in learning strategies; (2) facilitating the improvement of numeracy through learning videos, LKPD, and quizzes; (3) fostering growth mindset through motivational videos, inspirational sentences, discussion spaces, as well as feedback and self-evaluation features; and (4) using test- and questionnaire-based evaluation instruments. Validity tests showed very good results with an average score of 96% from media experts and 98% from material experts. The practicality of the e-module was assessed as very good by teachers (96.19%) and good by students (80.47%), and the implementation of learning reached 96.8%. Effectiveness was proven through MANOVA and t-tests which showed a significant increase in numeracy and mathematical growth mindset after using the e-module. Thus, the RME-based interactive e-module is suitable for use as an innovative mathematics learning medium at the junior high school level.

This study was conducted to develop an edutainment-based learning media product and to assess its feasibility in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness with a focus on understanding mathematical concepts and fostering self-directed learning in social arithmetic topics. The research employed a development approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The instruments used included validation sheets completed by experts, practicality questionnaires filled out by teachers and students, mathematical concept comprehension tests, and self-directed learning questionnaires. Research subjects consisted of two groups: a small-scale trial with 10 seventh-grade students and a large-scale trial with 32 students. The findings revealed that the edutainment learning media developed was appropriate for use, fulfilling all three aspects of feasibility. The validity score for media was 142 out of 230 (medium category), while the material validation reached 110 out of 135 (high category). Practicality assessments showed very high results, with teachers assigning a score of 175 out of 172 indicators and students achieving an average score of 156.8, which placed the media in the very high category. Effectiveness was demonstrated by improved mathematical concept comprehension, where the pretest average of 75.24 increased to 84.38 in the posttest, meeting the minimum high category. Similarly, the self-directed learning questionnaire showed improvement, with average scores rising from 99.97 to 102.91, and the percentage of students attaining very high posttest results increased to 90.63%.

This study aims to describe the ethnomathematics activities carried out by corn farmers in Tegal Arum Village. The approach used is qualitative with an ethnographic method, with data collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation from two farmers who are knowledgeable in traditional corn farming practices. The main focus of this study is to identify the application of basic mathematical concepts, such as counting, measuring, and calculating, in their daily farming activities. The results show that the farmers in Tegal Arum Village apply mathematics in a contextual form, derived from experiences and practices passed down through generations. For example, they calculate the seed requirements, estimate the number of laborers and planting time, and measure the harvest using local units like sacks and handfuls. These activities reflect the relevant application of ethnomathematics, which can be integrated into contextual mathematics learning in schools. The findings indicate that mathematics is not only taught in a formal setting in schools but also naturally develops in the community's daily life, especially through farming activities. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference in the development of a local culture-based curriculum that connects mathematics learning to real-life contexts.

Quality education is the key to improving skills and knowledge for students. However, there are still many challenges faced in improving the quality of education, especially at the primary level. Collaborative Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Lecturers and Teachers in book writing can be one of the strategies to improve the quality of Education. This research aims to be active through collaboration in writing Madrasah Science Competition books between Tarbiyatut Tholabah Islamic Institute Lecturers and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 02 Mazro'atul Ulum teachers. The results of the service showed an increase in the quality of lecturers and teachers in presenting learning and academic materials in order to provide excellent service for students, especially Madrasah Science Competition participants. And the most important thing is the creation of a collaborative book masterpiece entitled Madrasah Science Competition which contains a summary of material from science, social studies, mathematics, Arabic English and religious sciences such as Fiqh, Aqidah, Islamic Culture History and the presentation of sample questions and discussions. Moreover, the project has had a positive impact on the educators involved. It has allowed them to deepen their understanding of the subjects and improve their ability to present complex concepts in an accessible way. The collaborative nature of the project has fostered a supportive learning community, where educators learn from one another's expertise and experiences. The resulting Madrasah Science Competition book is not only a valuable educational resource but also a testament to the power of collaboration in enhancing the quality of education.

This study aims to improve the mathematics achievement of third-grade elementary school students through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model within the framework of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research was conducted at UPT SD Negeri Kutorejo 1 Tuban and involved 27 students over two instructional meetings. The study was carried out in two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques included learning outcome tests, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The findings indicate a notable improvement in students’ average mathematics scores, increasing from 79.47 in the first cycle to 83.91 in the second cycle. This improvement reflects the positive impact of the PBL model on students' conceptual understanding, problem-solving abilities, and active participation during the learning process. Throughout the intervention, students demonstrated increased engagement in group discussions, greater confidence in expressing ideas, and enhanced independence in addressing given problems. The PBL model proved effective in fostering active, collaborative, and meaningful learning. By presenting real-world contextual problems, the model not only enhanced students’ academic performance but also promoted the development of critical thinking, communication, and social skills. These outcomes align with 21st-century educational goals, which emphasize the cultivation of higher-order thinking skills. Theoretically, this study reinforces the effectiveness of PBL as an innovative pedagogical approach for mathematics instruction at the elementary level. It is recommended that educators systematically and consistently implement the PBL model in classroom practice. Future research is encouraged to explore the interaction between individual student characteristics and instructional models, in order to further optimize learning outcomes across various subject areas.

Numeracy is an important skill that elementary school students must have, but in reality it is still relatively low because learning tends to be conventional and less contextual. Numeracy does not only include the ability to count, but also the ability to understand, use, and interpret numbers and data in various daily life contexts. One of the causes of low student numeracy is a learning approach that is less interesting and not related to real situations. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the contextual learning model (Contextual Teaching and Learning/CTL) in improving students' mathematical numeracy skills. The research design used was a one-group pretest-posttest experiment with 23 fifth-grade students of SDN 002 Teluk Bintan as subjects. The instrument in the form of a numeracy test was given before and after the implementation of CTL, then the data were analyzed using prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity) followed by a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in students' numeracy skills. The average pretest score of 24.78 increased to 73.91 in the posttest with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. This increase proves that CTL is effective in helping students master numeracy through a learning process that links mathematical concepts with real experiences. Thus, the contextual learning model can be an alternative learning strategy that is relevant for increasing elementary school students' numeracy, while emphasizing the importance of implementing a more applicable approach in mathematics learning.

This study aims to address the low learning process and outcomes of students in mathematics in grade IV of State Elementary School 138/II Daya Murni. The type of research used is classroom action research (CAR), which is carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects in this study were 13 students, and the implementation was carried out in the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Data were collected through observation, field notes, documentation, and learning outcome tests. Based on the results of the study, the Take and Give Type Cooperative model was proven to be able to improve the learning process and outcomes of students. In the first cycle, the involvement of educators in teaching was recorded at 66.66%, while in the second cycle it increased to 73.33%. Likewise, student involvement in the learning process increased from 46.61% in the first cycle to 69.23% in the second cycle. A significant increase was also seen in the completeness of student learning outcomes. In cycle I, the learning achievement rate reached 76.92%, and in cycle II, it increased to 84.61%. The implementation of the Take and Give Cooperative Model has proven effective in improving the quality of learning, both in terms of process and outcomes. Therefore, this model can be a useful alternative for educators in increasing student engagement and learning outcomes in grade IV.  

This study explores the alignment between science learning practices and children’s cognitive development stages based on Jean Piaget’s theory. Ten academic publications were systematically reviewed to examine how Piaget’s framework can be applied in science education. The findings highlight that integrating cognitive development theory is highly relevant for improving the quality of teaching and learning in schools. At the concrete operational stage (approximately 7–11 years), children learn best through direct experiences, manipulation of real objects, contextual media, and experiments that connect concepts with daily life. These methods help foster curiosity and reinforce conceptual understanding. As learners progress to the formal operational stage (around 11 years and above), they begin to think abstractly, reason logically, and analyze critically. At this level, student-centered approaches, inquiry-based methods, and constructivist learning become more effective in enhancing problem-solving, creativity, and higher-order thinking skills. The review also indicates that adapting instruction to developmental stages supports more meaningful and sustainable learning outcomes. In the Indonesian educational context, this approach can address challenges such as limited classroom facilities, diverse student learning styles, and a curriculum that is often overloaded. By applying Piaget’s insights, teachers can design learning strategies that bridge abstract concepts with concrete understanding, thus increasing student motivation and engagement. In conclusion, aligning science education with Piaget’s cognitive stages is an effective way to improve student performance and ensure long-term academic growth. The study provides valuable input for teachers, researchers, and policymakers in developing innovative, student-centered science and mathematics education.

The Children’s Reading and Learning Corner program is a community service activity implemented by Group 7 of the Community Service Program (KKN) from Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta in Kalibaru Subdistrict, North Jakarta. This program was designed to address the challenge of low reading interest and the limited access to learning facilities among children in the local community. The main target of the activity was children aged 5–8 years, with the objective of increasing reading interest, strengthening basic cognitive skills, and fostering positive learning habits from an early age. The program was carried out through interactive learning methods with a thematic approach, combined with group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, shared reading, and simple practices that encouraged active participation. The learning materials covered Basic Mathematics, Indonesian Language, and General Knowledge, all adjusted to the children’s comprehension levels. In addition, a coloring competition was held to foster creativity, train fine motor skills, and create a fun and engaging learning atmosphere. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in children’s enthusiasm for learning, better understanding of the provided materials, and more active involvement during the sessions. The children also demonstrated increased self-confidence, particularly when asked to read aloud or answer questions in front of their peers. Furthermore, the provision of a bookshelf in the community hall became a strategic step to establish a sustainable reading space that could be used outside of program hours. Overall, the program successfully achieved its intended goals and is considered feasible to be expanded to other areas. Additional support in the form of a wider collection of books, more creative learning media, and consistent community involvement will be key factors in ensuring the sustainability and long-term impact of the program.

This study investigates the role of collaboration between a public elementary school (SD Negeri 1 Pokoh Kidul) and a local tutoring institution in improving academic achievement among third-grade students. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research collected data through semi-structured interviews with a third-grade teacher, non-participant observations, and document analysis over a three-day period. Data were validated using triangulation and member checking, and analyzed thematically with reference to Bronfenbrenner’s mesosystem theory. The results reveal that semi-formal collaboration characterized by curriculum alignment, joint evaluations, and consistent communication positively impacts students’ academic performance, with average score increases of 5–10 points in Mathematics and Indonesian. Students also exhibited greater confidence, participation, and engagement. Parental and community involvement further enhanced these outcomes. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including the absence of formal agreements, limited access for disadvantaged students, and risks of academic burnout due to extended study hours. The study underscores the potential of operationalizing mesosystem interactions in school policy to enhance student learning. Recommendations include formalizing school–tutoring agreements, integrating effective tutoring practices into mainstream curricula, and implementing equity measures such as subsidies and targeted outreach. This research contributes to the limited body of literature on structured school–tutoring collaboration at the elementary level in Indonesia. It offers practical and policy-oriented insights for building sustainable, inclusive educational partnerships that address both academic and holistic student development.

Animated video-based learning has emerged as an innovative pedagogical strategy for enhancing engagement in early primary education. This study explored the use of animated videos to improve learning motivation, participation, and comprehension among first-grade students at SDN 4 Wonoboyo, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with students and teachers, and document analysis. Findings revealed that animated videos created an interactive and enjoyable classroom environment, significantly improving attentiveness, curiosity, and active participation. Students reported greater motivation and deeper comprehension of abstract concepts such as mathematics and language, facilitated by visual and auditory integration. The role of repetition and independent review proved critical in reinforcing retention and supporting self-regulated learning. Teachers highlighted clear pedagogical benefits, including inclusivity across diverse learning styles, though challenges related to limited resources, training, and potential distractions were noted. This study concludes that animated video-based strategies are effective tools for enhancing early primary education, offering both immediate improvements in engagement and long-term implications for fostering autonomy and motivation in learners. The findings contribute to international scholarship on multimedia learning by providing contextual insights from Indonesian classrooms, emphasizing the importance of resource availability, teacher preparedness, and curricular integration for sustainable implementation

Creative thinking skills are fundamental competencies to be nurtured in 21st-century learning, especially within science education. One promising approach to developing these skills is the use of an Etno-STEM integrated E-Module implemented through the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. The Etno-STEM integration seeks to link local wisdom and culture with the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, thereby creating meaningful, contextualized learning experiences. This study aims to investigate the impact of implementing an Etno-STEM integrated E-Module through PjBL on students’ creative thinking skills. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with two classes: an experimental group using the Etno-STEM integrated E-Module and a control group using cooperative learning strategies. Research instruments comprised both test and non-test tools. The test instrument included objective-reasoned questions aligned with four creative thinking indicators—fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration—while the non-test instrument involved structured observation sheets to monitor learning implementation. Data analysis demonstrated that the Etno-STEM integrated E-Module using the PjBL model significantly improved students’ creative thinking skills compared to conventional approaches. This finding highlights the potential of combining local wisdom with innovative instructional models as an effective and culturally responsive strategy for advancing science learning aligned with 21st-century educational demands.

This study investigates the role of collaboration between a public elementary school (SD Negeri 1 Pokoh Kidul) and a local tutoring institution in improving academic achievement among third-grade students. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research collected data through semi-structured interviews with a third-grade teacher, non-participant observations, and document analysis over a three-day period. Data were validated using triangulation and member checking, and analyzed thematically with reference to Bronfenbrenner’s mesosystem theory. The results reveal that semi-formal collaboration characterized by curriculum alignment, joint evaluations, and consistent communication positively impacts students’ academic performance, with average score increases of 5–10 points in Mathematics and Indonesian. Students also exhibited greater confidence, participation, and engagement. Parental and community involvement further enhanced these outcomes. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including the absence of formal agreements, limited access for disadvantaged students, and risks of academic burnout due to extended study hours. The study underscores the potential of operationalizing mesosystem interactions in school policy to enhance student learning. Recommendations include formalizing school–tutoring agreements, integrating effective tutoring practices into mainstream curricula, and implementing equity measures such as subsidies and targeted outreach. This research contributes to the limited body of literature on structured school–tutoring collaboration at the elementary level in Indonesia. It offers practical and policy-oriented insights for building sustainable, inclusive educational partnerships that address both academic and holistic student development

This qualitative descriptive study examines how Project‑Based Learning (PjBL) was planned and enacted in Grade 3 mathematics at SD 1 Pokoh Kidul within the Kurikulum Merdeka framework and explores its effects on student learning as well as implementation challenges. Data came from semi‑structured interviews, non‑participant classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans, worksheets, and assessment rubrics. A thematic analysis was conducted, with triangulation across data sources and member checking to support trustworthiness. Findings indicate that PjBL embedded mathematics in authentic, real‑world contexts and enhanced problem‑solving, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding. Non‑cognitive gains included stronger collaboration, communication, self‑regulation, and confidence. Topic‑specific projects such as designing simple structures for geometry and operating a “classroom restaurant” for fractions helped make abstract ideas tangible and engaging. Integration of educational technology (e.g., augmented‑reality applications and interactive simulations) further supported visualization and participation. Differentiated instruction and scaffolding enabled students with diverse learning needs to contribute meaningfully. Key challenges concerned time management, equitable participation, resource constraints, and designing assessments that capture both process and product. The study recommends targeted professional development, interdisciplinary project design, and alignment with sustainability education principles to strengthen PjBL integration. Overall, the findings suggest that PjBL is a feasible and promising approach for primary mathematics in Indonesia, advancing academic outcomes alongside essential twenty‑first‑century competencies

Modern Islamic boarding schools not only focus on religious education, but are also required to improve the academic quality of students, including in mathematics subjects which are often challenging due to differences in students' learning styles, motivations, and abilities. This study aims to design and implement a Decision Support Sistem (DSS) based on the VIKOR method to analyze students' mathematical understanding and provide recommendations for more adaptive learning strategies. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with data obtained through documentation of students' grades, as well as interviews with mathematics teachers. The VIKOR method is used to evaluate students' understanding based on five main criteria, namely exam scores, report card scores, attendance, attitudes and behavior, and skills, through a process of normalization, weighting, calculation of S, R, and Q scores, and ranking students. The results show that there are five students with the lowest level of mathematical understanding, namely A11, A4, A17, A1, and A12, who have the lowest VIKOR index scores. This low level of understanding is influenced by factors such as learning attitudes, attendance, report card scores, and skills, so they require further attention and guidance from teachers. The application of the VIKOR method in SPK has proven effective in optimizing the analysis of students' mathematics achievements and providing recommendations for more targeted personal learning strategies, thereby helping to improve the quality of education and maximize students' academic potential.

Learning is a dynamic process involving interactions between students, educators, and learning resources in an environment designed to achieve a deep understanding of the material. One of the challenges often faced in education is learning difficulties, especially in subjects considered difficult such as Mathematics and English. Additional tutoring programs outside of class hours are a solution to help students overcome the academic difficulties they face. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a tutoring program in addressing learning difficulties in Kedondong District, with a focus on Mathematics and English. This program involves students experiencing difficulty understanding the subject matter and provides intensive guidance using an interactive approach and the use of technology-based learning media, such as multimedia and educational quizzes, which make learning more engaging. The evaluation results show a significant increase in student understanding of the material, as well as positive changes in student motivation, independence, and self-confidence. This program not only successfully improves academic understanding but also fosters a higher enthusiasm for learning in students. Despite challenges, such as limited resources and differences in student understanding levels, this program is able to create a conducive learning environment. Therefore, it is hoped that this program can be replicated in other regions to improve the quality of education in a sustainable manner, by involving various parties, such as the government, educational institutions, and the community.

This research is a development study that aims to create a product in the form of a learning aid, namely audio-visual media through the GeoGebra Classic application, which is used for 3-dimensional geometric shapes lessons in grade V of YPNU Elementary School Medan. This research was conducted because teachers still do not utilize technology optimally in teaching, especially in mathematics subjects related to spatial shapes. The lack of engaging and interactive teaching methods for complex topics like 3D geometric shapes often leads to reduced student interest and understanding. To improve the mathematics learning process on the topic of spatial shapes, audio-visual media was created with the help of the GeoGebra Classic 5 application. The goal is to provide variations in mathematics learning media and increase student interest in the lesson. The development of this media allows students to visualize 3D geometric shapes more clearly and interactively. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire that included questions to assess the effectiveness of the media from the perspective of educators and students. The results of the evaluation revealed that learning using this media received 93% responses from teachers and 87% from students, which indicates that the media is very effective. The positive feedback from both groups suggests that this audio-visual tool can enhance students' understanding of spatial geometry concepts and improve the overall learning experience. This study offers an innovative approach to teaching mathematics and highlights the importance of integrating technology into the classroom to foster better engagement and learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe the application of the Game Based Learning (GBL) model in improving the learning outcomes of slow learner students in Mathematics in elementary schools. The background of this study is the low learning outcomes of Mathematics in students with special learning needs, especially slow learners, who often have difficulty understanding abstract concepts and are less motivated to learn. The GBL model was chosen because it can provide a fun, interactive learning atmosphere and motivate students to be more actively involved in the learning process. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles with the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SDN 002 Kombeng who were identified as slow learners. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Game Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of slow learner students. This is indicated by an increase in the average value of learning outcomes in each cycle and an increase in student activity and motivation to learn. Thus, the Game Based Learning model can be an alternative effective learning strategy to help slow learner students understand Mathematics concepts in a fun and meaningful way.

Using Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) as a framework, this study will examine the many ways in which MAN 3 Medan students blunder while answering problems involving logarithms and exponentials. A total of thirty-one MIPA class X students served as subjects for this qualitative descriptive study. Essay tests, interviews with math instructors, and records of student work all contributed to the data set. Data analysis involves reducing, presenting, and making conclusions while triangulating sources to ensure the data is legitimate. According to the research, the two most common points of mistake are when people are trying to grasp the issue and when they are trying to convert it. This is because pupils have a hard time grasping the characteristics and fundamental ideas of logarithms and have a habit of rote memorization rather than critical thinking. Other factors that also affect include the lack of utilization of learning media and low student learning motivation. After being given discussion-based learning and interactive media, the post-test results showed an increase in comprehension and a decrease in conceptual errors. This research recommends that teachers should emphasize student-centered learning by strengthening basic concepts and implementing contextual problem-solving strategies.