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This research aims to determine the legal responsibilities of coal companies in fulfilling their achievements due to the export ban. This legal writing is included in the type of normative legal research using a legislative approach including primary legal materials and secondary legal materials collected through document study and analyzed using deductive legal material analysis using the syllogism method. This research examines the implementation of the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 139.K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 regarding the fulfillment and prioritization of domestic coal needs. The failure to fulfill the Domestic Market Obligation then gave rise to an export ban by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources through the issuance of Circular Letter from the Directorate General of Minerals and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Number B-605/MB.05/DJB.B/2021. The export ban then causes coal entrepreneurs to be unable to fulfill agreements with foreign companies. Non-fulfillment of achievements due to changes in Government policy in the form of an export ban is analyzed and categorized as force majeure so that non-performance, compensation or cancellation of the agreement cannot be sued. The legal responsibility that can be carried out by coal entrepreneurs in the event of an export ban is to submit a force majeure situation and prove that their party has been in good faith from the beginning until the agreement is in progress.

The community service program "Village Literacy Movement: Building Reading and Writing Culture in Pangkalan Benteng Village" aims to enhance reading and writing skills and establish a literacy culture within the village community. The primary issue addressed is the low literacy rate, which limits access to information and educational opportunities. The methods used in this program include literacy training and various literacy activities such as group reading, writing competitions, and book discussions. The results show significant improvements in reading and writing skills among children and adults, increased reading interest, and the development of a stronger literacy culture. Community empowerment and the enhancement of local leadership capacity were also achieved through active involvement in the management and implementation of the program. This program demonstrates that a participatory approach and access to quality reading materials can effectively improve literacy and empower communities.

Fine motor skills, which involve movements using the small muscles in the hands and wrists, are essential for everyday tasks such as writing, eating, dressing and playing. These skills develop gradually from birth to adulthood and require practice. Hence, it is expected that through the activity of assembling robots with used goods in early childhood can improve children's fine motor skills, improve hand and eye coordination, dexterity, accuracy, strength, creativity, problem solving, and spatial awareness. This activity was carried out with Darul Ilmi Murni Kindergarten students, starting with coordinating with the teacher, preparing activity materials, and presenting the material while practicing it with students. The results of this activity show that assembling robots from used items is not only fun, but also educational. Children are actively involved in processing simple materials into moving robots, while improving their fine motor skills. This activity can also be an effective and fun way to introduce children to the world of technology and support their essential skills development.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.  

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

Global competitiveness views exports as one of the important aspects in the economic development of a country. Through the independent study program at LaCorre, it aims to create thousands of young exporters to help advance the Indonesian economy. LaCorre provides a forum for students who want to learn, develop, and export products, especially in the fashion sector that is globally competitive by leveraging digital technology. In the independent study program at LaCorre, students are required to engage in a series of learning activities, starting from the preparation of export materials, export lectures, mentoring, Export Roadshow (JJE), and practical work to writing export final works. This aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to be a successful young exporter. The practice of developing a digital-oriented export business plan is the main activity of the independent study program at LaCorre. In this practice, the author collaborated with a team to develop one of the batik products from Indonesian SMEs in order to help facilitate exports and expand the market share of batik products. Overall, the independent study program for one semester went effectively because it had achieved the learning objectives on time.

This journal discusses cognitive development during early childhood. The aim of writing the journal is to find out how cognitive development occurs during early childhood, the advantages of cognitive development during early childhood, as well as language abilities and other cognitive abilities. The method used is literature study, namely by searching for materials and references from books, journals and articles. The results show that the early childhood period is called preoperational, this period starts from the age of 2 to 7 years. Preoperational uses symbols, categorization, and numbers. Other cognitive abilities are life, death, bodily functions, space, weight, numbers, time, social impressions, beauty and cuteness.

The purpose of writing this article is to determine the application of the nearest neighbor classification algorithm in diabetes detection. This nearest neighbor classification algorithm is a classification method often used to classify objects based on available data. This method works by searching for the closest objects in the dataset and classifying the new objects based on the closest object category. The application of the KNN algorithm can be carried out in various fields, such as analyzing the feasibility of credit granting, classifying online news materials or diagnosing diabetes. In this article, the researcher uses a literature review research method assisted by a descriptive analysis approach, to analyze the data and by describing the data that has been previously collected where the author describes data that has been obtained from various literary sources such as journals, data and others. The data obtained will be analyzed and interpreted in accordance with the objective of this research, which is to determine the application of nearest neighbor classification to detect diabetes.

This research aims to develop teaching materials for writing Pantun (a traditional Malay poetry form) using "Canva" assisted image media in the Indonesian language subject. It seeks to analyze the feasibility of developing teaching materials for writing Pantun using "Canva" assisted image media as instructional material for the Indonesian language subject in seventh-grade Junior High School. The development method employed is the research and development method by Borg and Gall, modified by Sugiyono, involving five stages. The developmental stages encompass potential and problem analysis, data collection, developmental product design, validation, and product design revision. The development was validated by two validators: a subject matter expert with a rating reaching 84% falling into the highly feasible category, media expert validation with a rating reaching 81% categorized as highly feasible, and teacher validation with a rating of 90%. Based on the overall feasibility assessments of the presented teaching materials, the development of Teaching Materials for Writing Pantun Using "Canva" Assisted Image Media for seventh-grade holds a highly feasible quality and can be accepted as one of the instructional materials.

With the rapid development of globalization, there are people who have the desire to change their own gender or what is usually called transsexual. Transsexualism can happen to someone due to environmental factors and hormonal factors. This phenomenon raises problems in all legal dimensions, one of which concerns inheritance for transsexuals. In this writing, normative juridical research methods are used because this research examines library materials to find certainty about Minangkabau customs. In Indonesia itself, it still recognizes customs which are the inheritance of customs. As in Minangkabau custom, it is still motivated by the values and norms of the Islamic religion. It is known that the Islamic religion does not accept the existence of transsexuals, so Minangkabau customs also reject these transsexuals. This writing  to find out, explain and analyze transsexual inheritance in Minangkabau customs.

The public's lack of understanding of the benefits of vehicle testing and driving safety can have serious impacts on road safety and the environment. Many vehicle owners do not realize that vehicle testing is not only a legal obligation, but is also a preventive step that can reduce the risk of accidents and extend the service life of the vehicle. Efforts to increase public awareness need serious attention from the government, educational institutions and non-governmental organizations. The aim of this writing is to raise public awareness about motor vehicle testing. The method used in this research is Literature Review. The literature review method is a description of theories, findings and other research materials obtained from reference materials to serve as a basis for research activities. Literature reviews contain reviews, summaries and the author's thoughts about several library sources (articles, books, slides, information from the internet, etc.) about the topic being discussed. The research results show that by exploring the causes and consequences of this lack of awareness, strategic steps can be taken to increase public understanding and compliance with vehicle testing procedures. The government, educational institutions and other related parties need to work together to create a safer and more sustainable environment on Indonesian roads. In this context, education and outreach are the main keys to changing society's paradigm regarding the importance of motor vehicle testing.

The research aims to analyze and describe errors in writing Malay Arabic script, especially in the 2019 edition of the 2019 edition of the book, Enrichment of Riau Malay Culture Teaching Materials for class V of Elementary Schools, with the aim of improving and becoming a guide for correct writing of Malay Arabic script. The limited availability of teaching materials will not be separated from errors. and shortcomings in its presentation. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method using observation techniques and literature study in data collection which was carried out on November 7 2023 by analyzing books. This research resulted in several errors in writing akasara in the 2019 edition of the 2019 edition of the Belayu Riau Culture enrichment teaching material book for class V of elementary schools and showed and explained the correct writing based on the Malay Arabic book guidelines.

Looking at the nature of the Image Streaming strategy, it is hoped that the Image Streaming strategy can be used as an effective and appropriate strategy when used in learning to write narratives in the form of short story texts. This service aims to provide continuous and continuous learning so that it is not just a matter of putting together a complete word but can be put into writing using the right strategy; improving students' skills by implementing appropriate learning strategies, namely the image streaming strategy in the learning process so that students can practice expressing their ideas in written form; find out the extent to which students' abilities have increased in writing skills to compose a complete sentence through the Image streaming strategy. In order to achieve this goal, the service team carried out planning by chronologically chronologically lining up its implementation starting from discussions, providing materials, providing assistance and implementing the Image Streaming strategy, as well as evaluating the results of student activities. Therefore, the final result of this community service is that it can provide motivation and useful information for students to be more active in the teaching and learning process in class.

Workshop on managing e-journals for study programs at AAL using OJS carried out together with the Publica team from the State University of Malang, the AAL PPM team, and the AAL study program journal management team. The materials for this study program's e-journal management workshop include OJS Guide, Aims and Scope, Mendeley, Scientific Publication Ethics, DOAJ: How to Apply, Article Metadata, Layouting & Creating Templates, Editorial Board, Author Guideline, Call for Paper & Author treatment, and Applications for Writing Scientific Articles. The study program management team carried out the application of the workshop materials in the form of preparing several accounts for OJS, namely: author, editor, reviewer, and copyeditor, re-evaluating the objectives and scope of the study program's scientific journals, using the Mendeley application as a bibliography preparation application, using the Turnitin application to check plagiarism as a form of scientific publication ethics, forming a team of editors and reviewers in journals with the composition required in DOAJ, creating journal article templates, applying several related AI and making it easier to prepare scientific articles. Suggestions for strategies to optimize the management of study program e-journals, related to improving the quality of lecturers' research and publications, namely: providing workshops on lecturers' research from expert sources, providing both moral and material support for lecturers' research activities, socializing several AI applications that can make it easier for someone to write research, and appoint and order in the form of an Order (SP) lecturers to carry out research.  

Writing is significantly essential for English as a foreign language and English as a second language. Students’ language learning has constantly been regarded as essential ability contributing to English learning. The purpose of this study was analyze factors contributing to students’ difficulties in paragraph writing course based on the students’ perceptions. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments used were interview and documentation. This study, the participants’ answers were purposive sampling and analyzed descriptively. The participants were 60 students who were taking paragraph writing course in second semester academic year 2022/2023 in English Language Education Program  at IAIN Palangka Raya. The data analysis procedure of the research analysis were data condensation, demonstration, and verifying conclusion. The overall result based on the questionnaire, students found difficulties to use grammar. Based on the findings, there were two factors that caused students’ difficulties in writing. The two factors were internal and external. Internal factors consisted of self-motivation, self-confidence, lack of knowledge and feeling of under pressure External factors consisted of the teacher’s teaching style, classroom atmosphere, materials, and writing aspects. This research hopefully can help lecture in developing appropriate teaching techniques in writing and minimize students' difficulties in paragraph writing course.

This study aims to: 1) develop material for writing descriptive texts using a mind mapping model in Indonesian subjects; 2) analyze the feasibility of writing descriptive text material using the mind mapping model as teaching material in Indonesian language lessons in class VII junior high school. The development method used is the research and development method from Borg and Gall modified by Sugiyono with five stages. The development stages include analyzing potential and problems, collecting data, designing product development, validating, and revising products. The development was validated by two validators, namely material experts with an assessment reaching 86% included in the very feasible category, media expert validation with an assessment reaching 74% included in the feasible category. From the overall feasibility assessment of the teaching materials that have been presented, the descriptive text teaching materials using the Mind Mapping model for class VII have decent quality and can be accepted as one of the teaching materials.

The problem of Indonesian learning at higher education institutes has been encountered by Indonesian language instructors. The lack of animosity of students to learn Indonesian language and lack of variation in learning methods are one of the main problems occurred. These may cause the Indonesian language learning not to meet the expectation of instructors and students. Indonesian language course has an important goal to improve the students’ language skills and to develop a deep affection for the Indonesian language. One of the methods that may be used in order to handle this problem is needs analysis. This method is expected to accommodate students’ needs pertaining to Indonesian language learning in several study programs at De La Salle Catholic University. The findings of this research will be a reference for the syllabus reconstruction process of Indonesian Language course in order to improve the quality of language learning and to achieve the goals of learning. This syllabus reconstruction consists of several components, namely learning objectives, materials, learning method, and assessment. Pertaining to the components, the results of this research showed that (1) the learning objectives of Indonesian Language course in university cannot be limited to writing skills developments, but can be included also with speaking skills; (2) in materials, the scientific genre and spelling also need to be emphasized; (3) students recommend to use the problem-based learning method, especially for grammar error cases; and (4) the assessment of Indonesian language needs to be designed not only in the form of assignments, but also in the form of objectives and/or essays in accordance with the criterion of HOTS.    

This research is based on problems encountered by the author in the field, especially at the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, namely that the Al-Qur'an hadith subject teachers at the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School are quite good. Starting from the beginning of learning which reminds them of memorization by reading it together and memorizing the Al-Qur'an and Hadith at the beginning of each week's learning, it's just that students don't use the best possible time to memorize the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. The aim of this strategy is that it is hoped that it can improve the ability to memorize the Al-Qur'an Hadith of students at MTs Nurul Hidayah. This research is descriptive research and the type of research is field research. The research is located at the Nurul Hidayah Simatorkis Islamic Boarding School. The key informants were Al-Qur'an Hadith teachers and the supporting informants were class IX students at MTs Nurul Hidayah. The data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that teachers in improving the memorization ability of students at MTs Nurul Hidayah use strategies, namely methods and techniques. The methods used by teachers in learning are the takrir method (repeating by rote), the kitabah method (writing) and the sima'i (listening) method and the technique is to use the teacher as an instructor in guiding students so that they can improve their ability to memorize Al-Qur'an Hadith at MTs Nurul Hidayah. And the things that a teacher considers in using strategies are seen from considerations related to the goals to be achieved, seen from considerations related to learning materials or materials, seen from considerations from the student's perspective.

One of the problems faced by MSMEs in Sidorejo hamlet is marketing problems and skills in using technology. MSMEs in Sidorejo hamlet need technology-based business development so they can compete with new online businesses. The purpose of this writing is 1) Identifying the use of marketing media in MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet, Ngestiharjo Village. 2) Describe technology-based business development efforts in MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet, Ngestiharjo Village through digital marketing training. The method used to identify the use of marketing media is observation and interviews. The methods used in technology-based business development efforts are community education and training methods. Materials in efforts to develop technology-based businesses for MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet through digital marketing training include: 1) Cultivating an entrepreneurial spirit and providing inspiration from the success of online businesses, 2) Sharing sessions, 3) Digital marketing training. The identification results show that many MSMEs in Sidorejo Hamlet use simple technology in marketing, which is dominated by WhatsApp and Facebook media. In fact, there are still many MSMEs that run their businesses offline without the help of technology. The evaluation results of digital marketing training activities show that this activity received a positive response, was considered to provide insight and knowledge, and provide inspiration. Almost all business people want to practice this online business in developing their business.