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Pharmacology is the study of drug interactions with living organisms. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of several drug preparations, including Hemilon (methylprednisolone), Lupred (prednisolone), Kamathasone (dexamethasone), neem leaf infusion, and snakehead fish extract, on mice (Mus musculus) induced with inflammation using carrageenan solution via intraplantar injection. Edema volume was observed using a plethysmometer at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-induction. Data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, ANOVA, and Tukey tests via SPSS. Results showed that Hemilon had the highest anti-inflammatory effect, followed by Kamathasone and Lupred, while neem leaf and fish extract showed weaker activity. Statistical tests revealed normal distribution (sig. 0.197 > 0.05), non-homogeneous data (sig. 0.022 < 0.05), and no significant difference between groups (ANOVA sig. 0.366 > 0.05). Despite this, descriptive results confirmed strong anti-inflammatory potential of synthetic drugs. This practicum provides valuable insights into drug mechanisms and emphasizes methodological accuracy in pharmacological testing.

This study aims to describe the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of photosynthesis materials in grade IV elementary schools. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in the study is a non-equivalent control group design. The design of this study involves two classes, the experimental class, namely IV-B, is learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and the control class, namely class IV-C, is learning using the conventional learning model. The sample used was 54 students in grades IV-B and IV-C SD YPI Darussalam. The data collection technique uses a learning outcome test. Based on the results of the study in the Independent Sample T-test which showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05 which means less than 0.05, then H0 and Ha were accepted, which means that there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of photosynthesis materials in grade IV elementary school.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the project based learning model with the respect education approach can improve students' critical thinking skills in the subject of economics for class XI at Sma Negeri 2 Tilamuta. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research design (quasi-experiment) with a sample size of 61 students. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, tests, documentation and research data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially with the t-test. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of students who used the Project Based Learning Model with the Respect Education Approach increased more than students who used the Conventional Learning Model in the Subject of Economics for Class XI at Sma Negeri 2 Tilamuta. This is supported by the independent sample test, the results of the t-test showed a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.021 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of students' critical thinking skills

This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of micro influencer (X1), endorsement (X2), and digital marketing (X3) on purchase decision (Y) at Barley Store Kediri. Data were collected through questionnaires, literature reviews, and documentation, involving 120 respondents. The analysis methods used include Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression, t-test, F-test, and Coefficient of Determination. The regression equation obtained is: Y = 3.946 + 0.329X1 + 0.217X2 + 0.264X3 + e. The t-test results show that micro influencer (t = 2.715, sig. = 0.008), endorsement (t = 2.125, sig. = 0.036), and digital marketing (t = 2.489, sig. = 0.014) each have a significant partial effect on purchase decision. The F-test result (F = 19.182, sig. = 0.000) indicates a significant simultaneous effect of all three variables on purchase decision. Thus, micro influencer, endorsement, and digital marketing all significantly influence consumers’ purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously.

Metacognitive skills in learning are an important indicator that can be measured. Based on the test of metacognitive skills when pre-study obtained the results that the metacognitive skills of learners are still relatively low. One of the learning strategies that can be used to improve the metacognitive skills of learners is a learning strategy oriented self regulated learning (SRL) by utilizing textbooks in the form of supplement books. Therefore, this study aims to describe the feasibility of self-regulated learning (SRL) oriented acid-base material supplement books to improve metacognitive skills of learners. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) according to the Borg and Gall model. Validity Data obtained through validator assessment using validation questionnaire. Practicality Data obtained through the results of the questionnaire responses of students supported by the results of the observation sheet activities of students. Practicality Data were obtained through pretest and posttest of learners metacognitive skills supported by the results of metacognitive inventory questionnaire. The validation results showed that the content and construct validity criteria were declared valid with a median of 5. Practicality is stated to be practical in terms of the results of the questionnaire responses of students who showed a very strong category with the percentage of content criteria, language, presentation and graphics of 94,25%, 90,67%, 95% and 98,3% respectively with the results of the average percentage of observation sheet activity of students at 96,67%. Effectiveness is stated to be effective in terms of Paired Sample t-test results with sig. values 0.05 and N-gain pretest and posttest scores of metacognitive skills in the high category with the results of the metacognitive inventory questionnaire showed a very strong category with an average percentage of 90,8%. The results showed that the book supplement oriented material acid base self regulated learning (SRL) feasible to use as a solution to improve the metacognitive skills of learners.

Sugar level disease or commonly called diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that rarely heals, often affecting health so that the quality of life can decrease. The purpose of writing this study is to find out what demographic relationship factors have an impact on the Quality of Life of Patients with Sugar Mellitus Disease or also known as Diabetes Mellitus at Hospital X. This quantitative research uses a research design on the cross sectional method. The research sample totaling 47 respondents was selected through total sampling techniques. Data was collected through the WHOQol-Bref survey instrument. The data analysis in this study applied the kendal test and the Chi-Square  test to test the relationship between the variables studied. After the research was carried out, a result was obtained that showed demographic factors, namely the age factor to the quality of life had a relationship and as seen from the kendal test with a value of Sig. 0.003 which was below 0.05), other demographic factors there were gender factors that had a relationship with quality of life which was shown through the chi-square test where  the Continuity Correction value sig = 0.022 < 0.05), In addition to demographic factors of age and gender, there are also demographic factors that have a relationship with quality of life, namely the work factor shown in the Chi-square  Test with a value of Continuity Correction sig = 0.008 < 0.05), and there are demographic factors, namely education factors and marital status factors that are not related to the quality of life of people with sugar level disease or diabetes mellitus. For the education factor shown in the kendal test where the sig value = 0.871 > 0.05), and marital status is shown in the Chi-square test based on the Pearson Chi-Square Sig value = 0.594 > 0.05), there are also demographic factors that have a relationship with quality of life, namely the long-suffering factor shown by the Chisquare test with the Pearson Chi-Square Sig value = 0.014 < 0.05). To break the chain of diabetes mellitus, actions are carried out for health workers to be able to anticipate, including periodic socialization to the community about the dangers of diabetes mellitus so that it can help people improve their quality of life by maintaining a healthy diet.

This research aims to determine the influence of Social Media, Price, and Servicescape on Purchase Decisions at Warkop Mie Aceh Hijrah Jaya Medan Amplas. In this research, data collection was conducted using purposive sampling, with a sample of 84 respondents. All analyses in this research were assisted by the SPSS 25.0 software. The data analysis techniques used included classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. Based on the t-test results, it was found that the significance value (Sig.) of Social Media was 0.000 < 0.05 and the t-count value (3.783) > t-table (1.664). Therefore, it can be concluded that the Social Media variable has a positive and significant influence on the Purchase Decision variable. Furthermore, the significance value for the Price variable was 0.000 < 0.05, and the t-count value (5.435) > t-table (1.664). Thus, it can be concluded that the Price variable significantly influences the Purchase Decision variable. Next, the significance value for the Servicescape variable was 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant influence on the Purchase Decision variable. Based on the data, the t-count value was (9.892) > t-table (1.664). Therefore, it can be stated that the Servicescape variable has a positive and significant influence on the Purchase Decision variable.

Produksi padi di Indonesia, termasuk Kabupaten Sidoarjo, menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti alih fungsi lahan, perubahan iklim, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan potensi produksi padi secara spasial di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis spasial untuk menggambarkan sebaran luas baku sawah, tanam, panen, irigasi, dan produktivitas di tingkat kecamatan, serta analisis deskriptif untuk menafsirkan hasil pemetaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah dengan sistem irigasi teknis dan luas baku sawah yang masih terjaga, seperti Kecamatan Tarik, Sukodono, dan Wonoayu, memiliki produktivitas yang relatif tinggi. Pemetaan spasial berbasis SIG terbukti efektif dalam mengidentifikasi wilayah potensial yang mendukung pengelolaan produksi padi secara lebih terarah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemanfaatan SIG sebagai alat strategis dalam perencanaan pertanian dan pengambilan kebijakan yang berbasis data spasial untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo.

  This research is motivated by the importance of disaster education from an early age, particularly in disaster-prone areas such as Indonesia, and the need for innovative learning media to enhance students' preparedness. Therefore, the researcher chose documentary films as a learning medium, as they present objects, concepts, or processes in a concrete and realistic manner. Consequently, documentary films serve not only as a learning resource but also as a means for students to understand appropriate actions for disaster mitigation and adaptation.The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of documentary film as a learning medium on students' cognitive abilities, to examine the effect on students' psychomotor skills, and to assess the extent to which cognitive abilities influence psychomotor skills.The research method used is quantitative with an experimental approach. The subjects of this study were students of class XI-H at SMAN 1 Karangan, Trenggalek. The instruments used included cognitive ability tests, psychomotor project assessments, and reports. Data analysis techniques involved the use of t-tests and regression analysis, calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that the use of documentary film as a learning medium had a positive effect on students' psychomotor abilities. This is supported by the results of a simple linear regression test, which produced a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.015 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ is rejected and H₁ is accepted.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of vlog towards students' speaking skills. the method used quasi-experimental. This study was conducted at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Situbondo. The population was consisted of at least 360 students while the samples were 60 students divided into two classes. 30 students for the experimental class and 30 students for the control class. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The experimental class was taught using vlog and control class without using vlog. Initially, before treatment, the experimental class's average score of 57.6 and the controlled class's score of 58.66. on the other hand, after following treatments that the experimental class received instruction via video blog had average was 67.73, and their gained score was 10.13., outperformed the control class that did not receive video blog instruction with students' average score being 64.26 and their gained score being 5.6. Besides, the paired t-test indicates that the experimental class scored average was 67.73 higher than the controlled class was 64.27. with a Sig. (2-tailed) (p) of 0.001 and a Sig. Alpha (α) of 0.05. In short, p < (α). It indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Overall, the results indicate that the use of video blogs has a moderate impact on the students’ speaking skill at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Situbondo.

The technological growth at the present time is so rapid, one form of technological advancement is an online game. An online game is a game played online using the internet. Young people who play the online game feel that playing an online game will reduce the load of thought gained from the environment. If a youth is dependent on playing  online games it will be bad for the teen. So it requires the role of the people around him to monitor and direct the youth away from the negative effects of online gaming. This study aims to determine the relationship between online game addiction and verbal aggression behavior in adolescents in Lubuk Basung District. This study uses quantitative methods with the research design used is correlational test research.The population in this study are teenagers who like to play PUBG online games. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total of 103 adolescents who played pubg mobile online games. In collecting data using an online game addiction scale with a verbal aggression scale. The results of data analysis obtained a correlation of sig = 0.137 (sig <0.05). These results show that there is a significant relationship between online game addiction and verbal aggression behavior  

The use of various instructional media plays a significant role in the teaching process, as it can stimulate students' interest and encourage active participation in learning activities. By utilizing a variety of educational tools, children can enhance the efficiency of their learning in relation to the material delivered by the teacher. Teachers are expected to select the most effective teaching models, instructional media, and strategies to improve students' understanding. The use of instructional aids such as fraction clocks can serve as an innovative resource for teachers in presenting learning materials. Through the implementation of such media, teachers can expand the scope of media utilization in the educational process. The use of fraction clocks aims to inspire and improve students’ learning outcomes in the field of mathematics. The study employs a quantitative approach. This quasi-experimental study applies a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. 50 students participated in the study. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the students’ pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, inferential statistics, including normality tests and hypothesis testing, are used to support further interpretation. The findings revealed that for the pretest, students had an average score of 51.92, indicating a moderate level of achievement, with a percentage of 62%. And the students’ postest scores increased to 66.92, indicating a higher level of achievement, with a percentage of 69% based on a sample of 26 students. The Paired Sample T-test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is lower than the predetermined significance level of 5% or 0.05. This indicates the rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. It can be concluded that the use of fraction clock as an instructional medium has positive effect on students’ learning outcomes and enhances their understanding of fraction concepts.

This study aims to determine the effect of the team quiz learning model on student learning motivation in social studies class VII at MTsN 2 Tulungagung. This study uses an associative type quantitative research approach. This study sets four problem formulations where the motivation variable is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The sample used in this study consisted of 32 class B students and 32 class C students. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that the team quiz learning model had a significant effect on student attention with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.003<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on the relevance of student learning with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.023<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student confidence with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student satisfaction with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.030<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that the team quiz learning model has a significant effect on learning motivation which is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and student satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze the influence of workload on employee performance, the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance, and work discipline on employee performance. The unit of analysis of the research is PD. Karya Bearing Motor Bekasi, Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, with a total of 25 respondents. This study uses a descriptive method through a quantitative approach with the help of SPSS version 27. The results of the study show that the value of sig. The workload variable is 0.741 > 0.05, the workload variable has no effect on employee performance. The value of sig. Of the job satisfaction variables, which are 0.868 > 0.05, the job satisfaction variable has no effect on employee performance. The value of sig. From the work discipline variables, which are 0.989 > 0.05, the work discipline variable has no effect on employee performance. Then simultaneously the variables of workload, job satisfaction, and work discipline have no effect on the performance of PD employees. Karya Bearing Motor.

Since tax revenues are declining annually, it is evident that Indonesian taxpayer compliance is still at a low level. The declining number of taxpayers in KPP Pratama Sleman Regency each year is another indicator of taxpayer compliance and the negative attitude of private taxpayers. The goal of this study is to determine the relative importance of tax penalties, taxpayer knowledge, taxpayer awareness, and taxpayer attitudes. Quantitative approaches are used in this study. The sample in this study consisted of a few KPP Sleman personnel, while the population consisted of 50 respondents, who were KPP Sleman taxpayer consumers. Random sampling was the sampling method employed in this study. Multiple regression is the data analysis method employed, and the analysis's findings indicate that Taxpayer Knowledge of Taxpayer Compliance is attained at t = 9.338 > -4.911ttable with a sig level of 0.00 < sig.α (0.05), meaning that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. As a result, H1—the research hypothesis that "Taxpayer Knowledge has a considerable effect on Taxpayer Compliance"—is accepted. Taxpayer Compliance (Y) obtained t = 4.377> 14.855 from ttable with a sig value. The influence of taxpayer attitudes on taxpayer compliance is obtained t = 9.338 > 4.337ttable with a sig level. = 0.00< sig.α (0.05), and H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The influence of taxpayer knowledge on taxpayer compliance is obtained t = 9.338 > 13.104ttable with a sig level. = 0.00< sig.α (0.05). H0 if 0.00 < sig.α (0.05  

Preeclampsia is a complex illness that can cause health issues and even death for both the mother and the fetus. The three signs of preeclampsia include elevated blood pressure (up to 140/90 mmHg), proteinuria (high protein in the urine), and edema. Preeclampsia is linked to a number of characteristics, including as parity, age, education, occupation, history of hypertension, multiple pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the variables linked to the prevalence of preeclampsia in Tidore Regional Hospital patients who are pregnant or giving birth. This study employs a case control methodology and a descriptive analytical approach. Up to 132 respondents, comprising 66 case groups and 66 control groups, were sampled by accidental sampling. Medical records of moms who had preeclampsia were used as secondary data. A p-value of 0.001 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between parity and the incidence of preeclampsia; a p-value of 0.001 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between employment and the incidence of preeclampsia; a p-value of 0.000 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between the incidence of preeclampsia and a history of diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. preeclampsia at Tidore Regional Hospital with a p-value of 0.042 (Sig. <0.05).

Children are the precious successors of the nation, so parents are expected to educate, protect and nurture their children to have a creative, intelligent, healthy and productive future. Aspects of development that can be affected by stunting can be clearly seen in aspects of children's cognitive and socio-emotional development. In this study, sampling of early childhood aged 24-59 months in the Alak Health Centre Area, Kupang City. Quantitative Research Method with cross sectional method research design with the results there is a significant effect of stunting on socio-emotional development because the sig value. Fisher's Exact Test 0.000 <0.05 and there is a significant effect of stunting on children's cognitive development because the sig value. Fisher's Exact Test 0.000 <0.05. In this study there is a significant influence on socio-emotional and cognitive development in children who experience stunting conditions.

This study aims to determine the Influence of Service Attributes, Power, Attraction and Excellence on Consumer Satisfaction at CV Eko Auto Service Workshop in Harjosari II Village, Medan Amplas District. In this study, the data collection technique used the random sampling method, the sample used was 65 respondents. All analyses in this study were assisted by the SPSS 25.0 program. The data analysis technique was carried out through classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. Based on the t-test that has been carried out, the results obtained were that the Sig. value of the Service Attribute variable was obtained at 0.001 <0.05 and the t count value (2.716)> t table (1.670). So it can be concluded that the Service Attribute variable has a positive and significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. Furthermore, the Sig. value of the Attractiveness variable obtained was 0.004 <0.05 and the t count value (3.154)> t table (1.670). So it can be concluded that the Attractiveness variable has a significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. Furthermore, the Sig. value of the Excellence variable obtained is 0.000 <0.05 which has a significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable. From these data, the calculated t value is (10.882)> t table (1.670). So it can be stated that the Excellence variable has a positive and significant effect on the Consumer Satisfaction variable.

This study aims to analyze the impact of shipping costs and prices on the behavior of consumers using Grab services in Medan City. The research employs a quantitative approach through a survey by distributing questionnaires to 99 respondents who have utilized Grab services (GrabFood or GrabExpress) in the last six months. Data analysis is conducted using validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) with the assistance of SPSS version 25 software. The results indicate that shipping costs have a positive but insignificant effect on consumer behavior (sig. 0.172 > 0.05), while price has a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior (sig. 0.000 < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence consumer behavior with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination shows that 50.8% of consumer behavior is influenced by shipping costs and prices, while the remaining percentage is affected by other variables outside the model. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Grab maintain competitive pricing and continue to innovate its services to attract more consumers.    

This study aimed to determine the effect of talking stick learning model on students' self-confidence in geography class X SMAN 1 Srengat Blitar. This study used a quantitative approach of quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. The sample in this study was selected using purposive sampling technique with 34 students in the control class and 34 students in the experimental class. The data in this study were obtained through the results of students' self-confidence questionnaire scores which were analyzed by the Independent Sample T-test and Effect size test. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the talking stick learning model has an effect on student confidence as evidenced by the acquisition of a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05. This study shows that the implementation of the talking stick model can increase students' active participation in learning which can then increase students' self-confidence.