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Lobster is one of Indonesia's marine resources that has high economic value and is very important for the country's economy, but excessive lobster fishing and smuggling of lobster seeds have caused a decrease in the productivity of marine resources and significant state losses, so effective law enforcement efforts are needed to protect Indonesia's marine resources from these illegal acts. The problem in this study is how the law is enforced by the West Tanjung Jabung Police against the crime of smuggling lobster seeds (Study of Case Register Decision Number: 144 / Pid.Sus / 2023 / Pn Klt ), and what factors are the causes. The research method used is normative juridical, a type of legal research that focuses on the analysis and interpretation of legal norms that apply in a legal system. The study shows that the three defendants in the crime of smuggling lobster seeds were sentenced to 2 years in prison and a fine of IDR 5,000,000 based on Article 27 number 26 Article 92 of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The factors causing this crime include internal factors (economic and education) and external factors (politics, environment, and lack of security). Suggestions from the study are: Reviewing the lobster seed export policy. Improving coordination between law enforcement officers and community participation. Improving the capacity and competence of law enforcement personnel.  

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.

This journal was written with the aim of discussing Paul's theology of God's salvation, monergism and synergism. Reviewing Paul's theology of God's true salvation will lead people to a fundamental understanding and strengthen one's hold on being a Christian. There is an understanding that salvation is a human effort and God's work (Synerism). Basically, salvation is the work of God in freeing man from sin. For by the grace of God salvation is wrought, that is, by the sacrifice and redemption of His Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ. So through this writing, man must hold fast that salvation is a gift from God, not a human effort. This writing method uses a qualitative method through library search, through text sources, such as academic journals, books, papers, and other related literature available in the library.

This study aims to analyze the ability of elementary school teachers in compiling digital student learning outcome reports, and to identify the factors that influence it. This study was conducted through a library research method by reviewing various scientific articles, books, and empirical reports related to the use of technology in elementary education. The results of the study indicate that teachers' ability in digital reporting is influenced by age, educational background, teaching experience, and involvement in ICT training. The use of reporting applications such as Microsoft Excel, e-Rapor, and Learning Management System (LMS) is still limited, especially in advanced features that actually greatly support reporting efficiency. The main obstacles faced by teachers include lack of ongoing training, limited infrastructure, administrative burden, and mental attitude towards technology. As an improvement strategy, this study recommends tiered technical training, technical guidance at the school level, strengthening learning communities such as KKG and MGMP, and integration of ICT training in the Continuous Professional Development (PKB) program. This research is expected to be the basis for making policies that are more adaptive to the needs of teachers in the digital era.

Marketing communication is a tool or medium used by a company or business person to increase the number of visitors. The aim of this research is to explain the marketing communication strategies to enhance sales at PT. Bintang Mas Mitra Amanah. This research utilizes qualitative methods. The data obtained comes from three informants. The data sources used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. In this research, data analysis is performed using qualitative methods, starting with reviewing all available data from various sources, namely interviews, observations recorded in notes, and personal documentation, including photographs. The stages in the data analysis process include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions or verification. The results obtained from this study indicate that marketing communication strategies play a crucial role in the business world, especially in the field of social media. PT. Bintang Mas Mitra Amanah has a significant amount of sales derived from social media. In conclusion, social media plays an important role in the business world.

Biochemical pathways are the complex pathways of chemical reactions vital to maintain cellular homeostasis, control metabolism and modulate responses to physiological stimuli. Recent developments in the omics technologies, gene editing tools, and systems biology have significantly deepened our understanding of these pathways, changing the scientific paradigm from linear reactions to complex and interrelated regulatory networks. This review examines the changing face of metabolic and signaling pathways including but not limited to glycolysis, TCA cycle, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT and their role in health and disease. Particular attention is paid to pathway analysis innovations, including CRISPR/Cas9, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and computational modelling and their revolutionary effect on discovery of new drug targets and pathway specific therapeutics. In reviewing the most recent advances in cancer metabolism, immune signaling, and cross-pathway interactions, this paper emphasizes the translational promise of pathway-centric research for personalized medicine, especially in oncology, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. The review attempts to bridge basic biochemical research with clinical applications, and provides a window into the manner in which pathway-based interventions are influencing the future of precision therapeutics.

Debt-receivable problems are classic problems in economic activities that if not resolved properly can result in legal uncertainty and losses to the parties involved. One of the legal instruments provided in the Indonesian legal system to resolve these disputes is through the bankruptcy mechanism. This study aims to review the legal provisions regarding bankruptcy as regulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation as a solution to resolving debt-receivable problems. The method used in this study is the normative legal approach, by reviewing statutory provisions, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results of the study indicate that although normatively the bankruptcy mechanism has a clear legal structure, its implementation in the field still faces obstacles in terms of process efficiency, protection of creditor and debtor rights, and supervision of curators. Therefore, policy updates and optimization of the function of judicial institutions are needed to increase public trust in this mechanism.

The purpose of the study was to determine the Deming quality assurance system model and its application in education. This study uses a library research type. Literature research as a research conducted by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of the study indicate that the quality assurance system model according to Deming emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction and continuous improvement through 14 famous points. Deming also stated that the majority of production failures are caused by managers, so improving the quality of managers is the key to improving overall quality. The PDCA ( Plan, Do, Check, Action ) management function developed by Deming is the basis for managing continuous quality improvement and is the basis for the development of Total Quality Management (TQM).

The issue arises from Article 15 paragraph (2) letter f of the Notary Position Law (UUJN), which grants notaries the authority to draw up deeds related to land affairs but fails to clearly define the scope of that authority. This creates conflict with Article 2 of Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016, which stipulates that PPATs have the authority to draw up authentic deeds regarding certain legal acts in land affairs. This study employs a normative juridical method by reviewing statutory regulations and legal literature to analyze the issue. The results show that this overlapping authority leads to legal uncertainty and potential conflict between professional functions. In practice, although notaries are normatively granted authority in land-related matters, their implementation remains limited, as deeds drawn up by notaries cannot serve as a legal basis for land registration unless the notary is also appointed as a PPAT. Therefore, a legal reform is necessary, either through a revision of the UUJN or the establishment of implementing regulations that clarify each official’s authority. By doing so, legal certainty can be achieved, and inter-professional disputes can be minimized.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes by reviewing 15 national journal articles published between 2018 and 2024. The results show that PBL significantly enhances students’ abilities in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, with improvements ranging from 7.1% to 83.3%. PBL encourages students to think critically, participate more actively in learning, and develop problem-solving skills through real and relevant situations. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited teacher training, inadequate facilities, and difficulties in shifting from conventional methods to this new approach. Based on the analysis, three main factors determine the success of PBL: appropriate learning design, the teacher’s ability to guide the PBL process, and the availability of supporting learning resources. The most significant positive impacts are seen among fifth-grade students and in schools located in the Java region. In conclusion, PBL is highly effective when supported by proper teacher training and adaptation to field conditions. Therefore, further teacher development programs and additional research on the long-term effects of implementing this model are strongly recommended.

The geomorphological condition of Fakfak Regency is dominated by limestone. It makes ground water difficult to access. The clean water crisis in Fakfak Regency requires people to look for alternative sources of clean water such as rainwater. However, during the dry season, people will have great difficulty with clean water. Cloudfisher or fog catcher is a technique for collecting fog that have condensed into water. Cloudfisher's ability to catch fog or dew and produce water varies depending on the situation with an average of around 2 liters – 10 liters/m2/day. The ability of this technology to produce water depends on the net material used, the size of the net, the direction and model of the net, and the location of the net placement. In this research, the potential cloudfisher to produce water in Fakfak Regency will be examined, with the ultimate aim of seeing how effectively this technology is applied in Fakfak Regency in terms of the amount of water produced. The method used in this research is a field study by reviewing locations in Fakfak Regency with the altitude, fog conditions, temperature and humidity that are most suitable for the application of cloudfisher technology. The fog catcher was installed using a standard research model using 65% and 85% cover nets. Each fog catcher material was installed for 1 month and the amount of water captured by the tool was checked every morning at 06.30 am. The location of the fog catcher is based on several factors including altitude, air humidity, fog frequency, temperature and wind speed. The average water volume obtained in the 65% cover net was 59.6 ml while in the 85% cover net it was 26.24 ml. Factors that influence the amount of water obtained are net material, net cover, fishing area, equipment placement, and weather. The fog catcher (cloudfisher) in Fakfak Regency has the potential to be used but still requires further research regarding the design and materials used so that more water can be obtained and can be used by local communities as an alternative source of clean water

The implementation of ballast water management is a very important strategic step in preventing marine environmental pollution, because ship ballast water often becomes a route for the spread of invasive alien species that have the potential to disrupt the balance of the ecosistem, harm the maritime economic sector, and endanger human health. This study focuses on ballast water management practices on the MT Timur Laut Mas 2 ship, with the aim of assessing how the procedures are implemented in order to prevent the entry of alien species, reviewing the implementation of both international and national regulations, and evaluating the performance of the Ballast Water Management Sistem (BWMS) technology applied. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on a case study, with data collection through interviews with ship crews and company management, direct observation on board the ship, technical documentation, and a review of supporting literature. The results of the study show that the implementation of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) regulations on ships has been realized through the preparation of a Ballast Water Management Plan, detailed recording in the Ballast Water Record Book, and the use of a BWMS that relies on filtration technology and ultraviolet radiation. However, the implementation still encounters obstacles in the form of limited crew understanding of system operation, variations in water quality along the shipping route that affect filtration effectiveness, and technical obstacles in equipment maintenance. Therefore, a combination of compliance with international regulations, improving crew competency through continuous training, and optimizing sistem operations are key factors in strengthening the effectiveness of ballast water management. These findings confirm that the application of modern technology in accordance with regulatory requirements can enhance marine ecosistem protection while ensuring the sustainability of the maritime industry, thus positively contributing to environmental sustainability and the stability.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and employee loyalty in an industrial environment. Job satisfaction is measured based on several factors, such as compensation, work environment, opportunities for development, and recognition of performance, all of which have a significant effect on employee loyalty. The method used is a literature study with a quantitative descriptive approach, reviewing various theories and previous research findings related to the two variables. The results of the study indicate that high job satisfaction is directly related to higher levels of employee loyalty, which is reflected in positive attitudes towards the company, long-term commitment, and reduced turnover rates. Therefore, companies in the industrial sector are advised to focus on improving employee job satisfaction in order to strengthen loyalty and support the long-term success of the organization.

This study is a literature review that aims to identify and analyze the application of GeoGebra applications in learning geometric transformations at the high school level. Geometric transformation is a material that requires high spatial visualization skills, so learning media are needed that are able to present concepts in a concrete and interactive way. GeoGebra, as a dynamic mathematics application, is considered capable of facilitating student understanding through direct visualization of transformation processes such as translation, reflection, rotation, and dilation. The study was conducted by reviewing 11 relevant scientific articles, published in the last five to ten years, and meeting certain inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis show that the application of GeoGebra in learning has a positive impact, both cognitively, affectively, and technically. GeoGebra is able to improve students' understanding of concepts, learning motivation, and learning outcomes. The implementation strategy includes the development of e-modules, digital teaching materials, problem-based learning, and application usage training. Overall, GeoGebra has proven to be valid, practical, and effective in supporting more interesting and meaningful learning of geometric transformations.

Technological advances that continue to develop have changed the way people carry out various activities, including online buying and selling transactions. Various e-commerce platforms are here to meet the Indonesian market, including Tiktok which in the form of a social tool that people like. The lesson wants to observe the satisfaction of Tiktok Shop users from UI/UX through the Naïve Bayes algorithm. This lesson uses the CRISP-DM method. There are stages of reviewing reports, efforts, models, readiness, appearance and reviews. 60 test data processed in Rapid Miner obtained results with a user interface accuracy level of 88.33% and a user experience accuracy level of 76.67%. This shows that the user interface and user experience are factors that influence the level of satisfaction of Tiktok Shop users.

This study aims to present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Intellectual Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), and Spiritual Quotient (SQ) in an academic context, particularly focusing on the role of lecturers. Using bibliometric methods. The data for this study came from 300 English-language scientific articles published in 2023 from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The analysis was carried out using keyword co-occurrence techniques, overlay visualization, density visualization, and author collaboration networks. The findings show that there is a strong focus on developing conceptual frameworks and reviewing literature related to IQ, EQ, and SQ, indicating an effort to understand the integration of these three intelligences as the foundation for human resource development in higher education. However, several keywords were also found to be thematically irrelevant, suggesting challenges in data filtering or uniqueness of terminology between disciplines. Collaborative networks between authors tend to be fragmented, indicating the potential for fostering broader collaboration. The implications of this study theoretically reinforce the need for the integration of IQ, EQ, and SQ in understanding holistic intelligence, while practically encouraging higher education institutions to design lecturer development programs that balance these three aspects of intelligence to form superior character and performance

The death penalty is one of the means of protecting society and the state in the form of prevention and action. Indonesia is one of the countries that still maintains and recognizes the legitimacy of the death penalty as a punishment for perpetrators of criminal acts. The death penalty is closely related to human rights because the death penalty is the most severe punishment because perpetrators of criminal acts will lose the right to life which is a priceless right. Therefore, there is a conflict between the imposition of the death penalty on perpetrators of criminal acts and human rights. This paper aims to determine the provisions regarding the death penalty and the protection of human rights. The type of research taken in this study is normative legal research that contains relevant issues. Normative legal research is research that is conducted by reviewing applicable laws and regulations or applying them to legal problems. Several laws and regulations in Indonesia still maintain the threat of the death penalty, although the death penalty has been criticized by human rights activists. Therefore, there is a compromise (criminal policy) in the Criminal Code, namely using the death penalty as an alternative punishment rather than the main punishment and only applies to very serious crimes.

This study aims to identify the description of Commitment and Marital life Satisfaction. This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method, in order to answer research questions in a structured manner, by referring to the PRISMA 2020 model by reviewing 100 articles with keywords, namely (1) marriage commitment, (2) marriage satisfaction, and (3) commitment and marital life satisfaction. This research used the EndNote X9 application to obtain 5 articles from the Google Scholar database with the help of Harzing Publish or Perish (PoP). The results of this study show that commitment and marital life satisfaction are interrelated in maintaining marital harmony. Commitment, demonstrated through responsibility, support, and long-term orientation, is the foundation of marital stability. Couples with high commitment are better able to deal with challenges such as age difference or long distance thanks to open communication and effective conflict resolution. Factors such as religion, social support and the presence of children also affect satisfaction. Religious values strengthen relationship resilience, while unfulfilled expectations for children can decrease satisfaction.

This study explores the role of halal certificates in increasing consumer confidence in food industry products in Indonesia. In a Muslim society and a global market that is increasingly aware of religious ethics and values, halal certificates are not only proof of halalness, but also serve as a signal of quality, safety and integrity of the producer. This research uses a qualitative approach through a literature study, by reviewing scientific articles, books, official reports, and relevant documents related to halal and consumer behavior. The results of the analysis show that halal certificates have three main roles: (1) as a credibility signal to reduce information asymmetry between producers and consumers; (2) as an instrument to reduce risk perceptions of ingredients, processes, and production ethics; and (3) as a brand communication medium that builds emotional attachment and social value. Consumers, especially millennials and Gen Z, demand halalness accompanied by transparency and education in the certification process. Halal certificates also strengthen product competitiveness in the global market, reflecting a religious lifestyle while being modern and sustainable. Therefore, industry players need to make halal certification a comprehensive brand strategy, while regulators such as BPJPH must continue to improve the transparency and effectiveness of the system.

Teachers are under increasing pressure to deliver personalized, standards-aligned instruction while managing time constraints and rising workloads. Traditional lesson planning often limits creativity and adaptability due to its complexity and repetitive demands. In response, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to support instructional planning. This study highlights how AI enhances teacher efficiency, simplifies administrative tasks, and supports differentiated, data-driven instruction. However, these benefits require thoughtful and responsible integration. AI adoption must include safeguards for data privacy, ensure algorithmic transparency so teachers understand the basis of system recommendations, and actively mitigate systemic bias that may disadvantage certain learner groups. Most importantly, teachers should remain actively involved in reviewing and adapting AI-generated content to preserve professional judgment and uphold pedagogical integrity.