Publication Search

The problem of household waste in Kalanganyar Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency, is increasing along with population growth, while residents' knowledge about waste sorting is still minimal and processing facilities are limited. This community service program aims to increase awareness and cleanliving behavior through education and mentoring on household waste processing based on the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). This activity adopts an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach that focuses on mapping and utilizing local potential, such as health cadres, youth organizations, the spirit of mutual cooperation, and the availability of potential land. The implementation methods include appreciative inquiry, focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews with the Head of the Sopo Nyongko TPS and community leaders, participatory observation, and practical mentoring for housewives, youth organizations, and TPS managers on February 9. The results of the activity showed an increase in residents' understanding of PHBS and waste management, indicated by the enthusiasm of participants during the educational session. The program also successfully activated local agents of change: youth groups began implementing inorganic waste recycling, and health cadres designed a home-based waste sorting system.

Literasi membaca merupakan kompetensi dasar yang penting dalam mendukung perkembangan akademik murid sekolah dasar, namun kemampuan membaca pemahaman, khususnya pada tingkat kalimat sederhana, masih menjadi permasalahan di berbagai satuan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peningkatan gerakan literasi membaca pemahaman melalui buku cerita dalam meningkatkan keterampilan membaca kalimat sederhana pada murid kelas III SD Inpres Anduam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain pra-eksperimen tipe one-group pretest–posttest. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 9 murid kelas III yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes keterampilan membaca kalimat sederhana sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji paired samples t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan kemampuan membaca murid, ditandai dengan kenaikan skor rata-rata dari 58,22 pada pretest menjadi 78,56 pada posttest (p < 0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa gerakan literasi membaca pemahaman berbasis buku cerita efektif dalam membantu murid memahami struktur dan makna kalimat sederhana. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan gerakan literasi membaca pemahaman secara berkelanjutan sebagai strategi pembelajaran membaca di sekolah dasar.

In the digital era, teachers are required to be creative in integrating technology with learning to make the learning process more engaging and effective. This study explores how the Wordwall application can bridge the gap between Islamic Religious Education (PAI) material, which is rich in moral values, and Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK), which emphasizes the importance of physical health. This application provides interactive games that allow students to learn while playing, so that they not only understand religious teachings and physical skills but also experience a fun learning experience. Through various types of games such as puzzles and quizzes, students can more easily remember the lesson material and apply that knowledge in their daily lives. In addition, the use of Wordwall encourages active student participation in each learning session. This strengthens their engagement in the learning process and increases motivation to learn. The research findings show that Wordwall can transform the classroom atmosphere to be more lively, interactive, and collaborative, creating an environment that supports active and enjoyable learning for students.

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata Bahasa Inggris dasar pada siswa SD Inpres 2 Wagom melalui penerapan metode Total Physical Response (TPR). Berdasarkan analisis situasi, kemampuan siswa dalam memahami dan menguasai kosakata Bahasa Inggris masih tergolong rendah. Metode TPR dipilih karena mengintegrasikan gerakan fisik dengan proses pembelajaran, sehingga memudahkan siswa dalam memahami dan mengingat kosakata secara lebih efektif serta menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan. Pelaksanaan pelatihan menggunakan metode ceramah dan praktik meliputi pengenalan kosakata dasar, seperti perintah (commands) dan bagian tubuh (parts of the body), yang dipadukan dengan aktivitas fisik. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa siswa menjadi lebih aktif, antusias, dan responsif terhadap instruksi dalam Bahasa Inggris dan juga adanya peningkatan penguasaan kosakata siswa dari kategori sedang (±50%) sebelum pelatihan menjadi tinggi (82%) setelah penerapan metode Total Physical Response (TPR). Evaluasi kegiatan melalui kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 89% siswa merasa metodemTPR memudahkan mereka dalam mengingat kosakata, dan 91% siswa menyatakan puas serta antusias mengikuti kegiatan ini. Secara keseluruhan, metode TPR terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata Bahasa Inggris dasar sekaligus menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang menyenangkan bagi siswa sekolah

Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning is undergoing significant changes in the Digital 5.0 era with the utilization of technology as the main support. This study explores the challenges in Christian learning and explores technological solutions that can improve student engagement and material comprehension. Through the literature study, the main challenges identified include the limitations of traditional learning resources and the lack of attractiveness of the materials. Solutions are proposed by integrating E-Learning, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and mobile applications in the curriculum. Teacher training and support from the community and church are key in implementing this approach. Continuous evaluation and problem solving are the focus to ensure success and sustainability. The results show that technology contributes significantly to creating an interactive and relevant learning environment, building a solid foundation for increased student engagement and understanding of Christian teachings. By stepping with technology, this article presents a foundation for enhancing Christian Religious Education learning amidst the dynamics of the digital world

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that must be mastered by first-grade elementary school students as a foundation for understanding various subjects. However, in practice, many students still experience difficulties in early reading, such as recognizing letters, combining syllables, and understanding simple words. One alternative method that can be used to address this issue is the storytelling method in learning activities. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the storytelling method in improving the reading ability of first-grade elementary school students. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature study method. Data were collected from various sources, including scientific journals, books, and relevant previous studies published within the last five years. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation, while data analysis used content analysis by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing findings from different sources. The results of the study indicate that the storytelling method is effective in improving students’ early reading skills. This method enhances students’ reading interest, enriches their vocabulary, and helps them recognize letters and words more easily in an enjoyable learning environment. In addition, storytelling creates an interactive classroom atmosphere and increases student engagement in the learning process. In conclusion, the storytelling method is an effective and relevant instructional strategy to improve the reading ability of first-grade elementary school students. Therefore, it is recommended as an innovative approach to support the development of early literacy skills.

This research purposes to improve the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik regarding local culture for the 2024/2025 academic year. The methodology used is classroom action research. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests to assess students’ critical thinking skills and observations to assess student and teacher activities. The data analysis used included calculating the average scores from the tests and the results of the observations. The sample used in this research comprised of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik during the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of the research indicate that the average score on the critical thinking skills test increased from 50.36 in the pre-action phase to 67.14 in Cycle I, and reached 86.43 in Cycle II. The findings of the teacher activity observations displayed an increase from 3.89 in Cycle I to 4.00 in Cycle II. The average results of student activity observations also increased from 68.21 in Cycle I to 86.43 in Cycle II. These results lead to the conclusion that the contextual approach proved effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills regarding local cultural material.

Low-rank coal generally has a high moisture content, which results in a low calorific value and suboptimal quality for utilization as an energy source. One method that can be applied to improve coal quality is the Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) process, which functions to reduce moisture content and increase fixed carbon value. This study aims to analyze the effect of heating time and the ratio of used oil composition on improving coal quality based on proximate parameters. The research method includes collecting coal samples from four locations in Samarinda and its surrounding areas, namely SMAN 1 Samarinda, Bhineka Street, Palaran Stadium, and Tani Bakti Village. The samples were analyzed using proximate analysis, including inherent moisture (IM), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC), both before and after the UBC process. The upgrading process was carried out with variations in heating time and used oil composition as a coating medium to enhance coal stability and prevent moisture reabsorption. The final results of the upgrading process showed the best values of inherent moisture at 13.64%, ash content at 4.66%, volatile matter at 55.06%, and fixed carbon at 44.94%. The results indicate that the UBC process is capable of reducing inherent moisture and increasing fixed carbon, thereby improving coal quality. Variations in heating time and used oil composition have a significant effect on changes in proximate parameters. Longer heating time and an appropriate ratio of used oil composition result in a more optimal improvement in coal quality.

Kemampuan baca tulis Al-Qur’an (BTQ) merupakan kompetensi dasar dalam pendidikan Islam yang perlu dikembangkan secara sistematis sejak usia dini. Namun, dalam praktik pembelajaran di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPQ), masih ditemukan permasalahan berupa rendahnya kemampuan membaca, menulis huruf hijaiyah, serta ketidakseimbangan antara aspek tajwid, makhraj, dan kefasihan bacaan santri. Kondisi ini menunjukkan perlunya inovasi metode pembelajaran yang lebih efektif dan terstruktur. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan BTQ santri melalui pendampingan berbasis integrasi metode imla’ dan talaqqi di TPQ Nurul Huda Sentani Jayapura. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain library research yang didukung oleh data lapangan kegiatan pengabdian. Proses pelaksanaan dilakukan secara partisipatif dan aplikatif melalui tahapan pembelajaran membaca (talaqqi), menulis (imla’), serta penguatan melalui muroja’ah terjadwal. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan santri pada berbagai aspek. Pada aspek kelancaran membaca dan hafalan, lima santri memperoleh nilai 5, empat santri nilai 4, dan enam santri nilai 3. Pada aspek tajwid, empat santri mencapai nilai 5, enam santri nilai 4, dan lima santri nilai 3. Sementara itu, pada aspek kefasihan bacaan, sembilan santri mencapai nilai 5. Secara umum, penerapan metode imla’ dan talaqqi memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca, menulis huruf hijaiyah, serta ketepatan makhraj dan tajwid santri. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi metode imla’ dan talaqqi efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan BTQ santri, serta berdampak positif terhadap motivasi, kedisiplinan, dan keterlibatan aktif dalam pembelajaran. Model ini dapat menjadi alternatif strategi pembelajaran BTQ di TPQ, khususnya di wilayah dengan keterbatasan sumber belajar.  

Transformasi digital menuntut tenaga pendidik menjadi fasilitator yang adaptif terhadap teknologi. Menghadapi tuntutan tersebut, guru di SMPIP Nihadul Qulub mengalami hambatan kompetensi dalam menciptakan media pembelajaran berbasis digital. Selain itu, kurangnya sumber referensi praktis yang dapat diakses secara mandiri membuat guru kesulitan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi digitalnya di tengah padatnya aktivitas mengajar. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi digital melalui pelatihan Canva guna merancang media interaktif berbasis web. Diikuti sebanyak 20 guru, kegiatan pengabdian berupa pelatihan ini dilaksanakan secara langsung dan luar jaringan (luring) di SMPIP Nihadul Qulub, Ungaran. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian meliputi perencanaan, analisis kebutuhan mitra, implementasi workshop praktik langsung, serta evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan, di mana 90% guru berhasil mempublikasikan modul ajar interaktif dalam format situs web tanpa keahlian pemrograman. Pelatihan ini terbukti efektif meningkatkan peran guru menjadi desainer pengalaman belajar yang kreatif, sejalan dengan tuntutan pendidikan abad ke-21.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model dakwah keagamaan yang bertujuan memberdayakan nilai-nilai dan norma-norma adat masyarakat Sai Batin di Lampung, dengan mengintegrasikan tradisi budaya lokal dengan ajaran agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif, menganalisis sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk dokumen resmi terkait kegiatan dakwah keagamaan, laporan masyarakat, dan literatur tentang integrasi nilai-nilai adat dengan ajaran agama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model dakwah keagamaan di masyarakat Sai Batin di Lampung berhasil mengintegrasikan ajaran agama dengan nilai-nilai adat setempat, sehingga meningkatkan pemahaman dan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap ajaran agama berdasarkan norma-norma adat. Metode dakwah partisipatif terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat, memfasilitasi diskusi, dan memperkuat pemahaman ajaran agama. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya dan pemahaman sebagian anggota masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai adat dalam dakwah keagamaan. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi nilai-nilai adat dalam dakwah keagamaan sangat penting untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dan memastikan pelestarian tradisi lokal sambil tetap berpegang pada ajaran agama. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan model dakwah keagamaan yang menghormati nilai-nilai lokal, memberikan wawasan untuk program serupa di komunitas lain. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk fokus pada peningkatan alokasi sumber daya dan perluasan penggunaan teknologi untuk memperluas jangkauan dan dampak dakwah keagamaan

The development of digital technology has encouraged micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in the culinary sector, to adapt by utilizing online applications as a strategy to increase competitiveness. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and capabilities of business owners at Kedai Jajanan Zahira in Surabaya in utilizing online applications as a marketing and sales tool. The method used in this study is Participatory Action Research (PAR), an approach that actively involves business actors in every stage of the process. These stages include problem identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and direct observation to obtain a realistic picture of business conditions. The results of the activity showed an increase in business owners' understanding of the importance of digitalization, improved skills in using food delivery applications and social media, and increased market reach and interaction with consumers. In addition, the use of online applications also contributed to increased operational efficiency, such as more systematic order management and transaction recording. Overall, mentoring in the use of online applications has proven effective in increasing the competitiveness of culinary businesses. This activity has a positive impact not only on increasing sales, but also on business sustainability through increased digital literacy and the ability to adapt to technological developments. Therefore, ongoing mentoring is needed so that business actors can consistently optimize the use of digital technology in developing their businesses.

Piutang pelanggan Indihome yang tidak tertagih merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang berdampak langsung terhadap arus kas dan stabilitas keuangan perusahaan. Laporan Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tata cara penagihan piutang pelanggan Indihome di Telkomsel Branch Jambi, mengidentifikasi media komunikasi yang digunakan pada setiap tahapan penagihan, serta mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi. Metode penulisan yang digunakan pada laporan ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan pada divisi BCR (Billing Collection Retention) Indihome Telkomsel Branch Jambi. Hasil pembahasan menunjukan bahwa penagihan dilakukan secara bertahap mulai dari pendataan pelanggan menunggak, pengiriman informasi tagihan, pengingat setelah jatuh tempo, penagihan via media komunikasi, pemberian surat peringatan, penagihan oleh tim CTB (Caring Territory Base), hingga isolir sementara layanan. Media komunikasi yang digunakan meliputi telepon, WhatsApp, dan email, dengan telepon dan WhatsApp sebagai media yang paling efektif. Kendala utama yang ditemui yaitu nomor pelanggan tidak aktif, pelanggan tidak merespon, serta penundaan pembayaran akibat kendala ekonomi. Pembaruan data pelanggan secara berkala dan peningkatan intensitas follow-up diperlukan untuk meminimalkan risiko piutang tak tertagih.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh digital marketing dan literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja keuangan UMKM dengan keunggulan bersaing sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan survei kepada 200 pelaku UMKM yang telah memanfaatkan kanal pemasaran digital. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sedangkan data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil pengujian ilustratif menunjukkan bahwa digital marketing berpengaruh positif terhadap keunggulan bersaing dan kinerja keuangan UMKM. Literasi keuangan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap keunggulan bersaing dan kinerja keuangan. Keunggulan bersaing terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja keuangan serta memediasi secara parsial hubungan digital marketing dan literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja keuangan UMKM. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kinerja keuangan UMKM tidak hanya ditentukan oleh intensitas promosi digital, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan pelaku usaha dalam mengelola informasi keuangan, menentukan harga, mengendalikan biaya, dan membangun nilai unik yang sulit ditiru pesaing. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bagi pelaku UMKM untuk mengintegrasikan strategi pemasaran digital dengan penguatan literasi keuangan agar keunggulan bersaing dapat dikonversi menjadi peningkatan penjualan, profitabilitas, dan arus kas.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya kinerja karyawan dalam mendukung pencapaian tujuan organisasi, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, khususnya motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Istana Mitra Furnindo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain kausalitas. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 35 karyawan dengan teknik sampling jenuh, sehingga seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan motivasi kerja serta perbaikan lingkungan kerja dapat mendorong peningkatan kinerja karyawan secara optimal. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja melalui pemberian penghargaan dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif guna mendukung produktivitas dan efektivitas kerja karyawan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran akuntansi keberlanjutan dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) serta memperkuat transparansi korporasi. Mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode studi literatur dari jurnal ilmiah, buku, serta laporan keberlanjutan PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa akuntansi keberlanjutan secara signifikan meningkatkan performa ESG pada dimensi lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola, sekaligus mempertajam transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta kepercayaan stakeholders. Meskipun demikian, tantangan utama meliputi kurangnya standar pelaporan yang seragam dan kesulitan pengukuran data non-keuangan. Secara keseluruhan, akuntansi keberlanjutan menjadi instrumen strategis untuk mendukung peningkatan kinerja ESG dan keberlanjutan bisnis berkelanjutan.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the religious understanding of students through reading the book at the Ar Rohman TPQ, Candinegoro Village, Wonoayu, Sidoarjo. The context of this activity is the limited skills of students in reading and understanding the contents of the book in depth, so that a more interactive and effective learning method is needed so that students are not only able to read, but also understand and practice religious values ​​in everyday life. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which involves active participation between the activity implementer, TPQ administrators, and students, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The activity was carried out through reading the book together, explaining the material, as well as question and answer sessions and direct practice that were adjusted to the level of understanding of the students to be more communicative and easy to understand. The results of the activity showed that the reading the book went well and received a positive response from students, marked by an increase in reading ability and understanding of the contents of the book, activeness, enthusiasm, and courage in practice and discussion. Furthermore, this activity contributes to character development, including discipline, responsibility, patience, and self-confidence. Therefore, it is effective in enhancing religious understanding while simultaneously shaping the character of students and deserves continued development.

The development of a student's personality, particularly during classroom interaction, is heavily influenced by their level of self-confidence. A lack of self-assurance often leads to public speaking anxiety, which subsequently restricts student engagement and diminishes academic performance. This phenomenon is frequently identified among tenth-grade Vocational High School (SMK) students who are navigating a period of environmental transition. This research focuses on enhancing the self-confidence of Grade X SMK students struggling with speech-related anxiety through the implementation of group guidance services utilizing role-playing methods. The study follows a Guidance and Counseling Action Research (GCAR) design conducted over two cycles, consisting of preparatory, executive, monitoring, and evaluative phases. The participants were tenth-grade students with low self-confidence profiles as determined by questionnaires and field observations. Data were analyzed using a descriptive quantitative approach to compare performance levels before and after the intervention. The results demonstrate that group guidance integrated with role-playing is an effective strategy for optimizing student self-confidence, as shown by the consistent upward trend in scores throughout the cycles. These findings suggest that this technique serves as a strategic instrument for school counselors to mitigate social anxiety among students. 

Kinerja pegawai merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan organisasi, namun dalam praktiknya masih terdapat variasi kinerja yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis dan kondisi kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi kerja, kesejahteraan kerja, dan semangat kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada CV Berkah Sarana Anugerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif, dengan populasi sebanyak 30 pegawai yang seluruhnya dijadikan sampel melalui teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Likert, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja, kesejahteraan kerja, dan semangat kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja pegawai tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan teknis, tetapi juga oleh faktor psikologis dan kondisi kerja yang mendukung. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya peran organisasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi, kesejahteraan, dan semangat kerja pegawai guna mencapai kinerja yang optimal dan berkelanjutan.

This study aims to analyze the role of the school committee in improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education at Karya Bhakti Private Junior High School. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the committee’s involvement in educational activities. The research subjects consisted of the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and school committee members. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions systematically. The findings revealed that the school committee has performed its roles as an advisory, supporting, controlling, and mediating body. The committee contributes to program planning, supports religious activities, supervises implementation, and facilitates communication between the school and the community. However, these roles have not been carried out optimally due to limited participation and weak coordination among stakeholders. As a result, although the school committee plays an important role in enhancing the quality of Islamic Religious Education, improvements are still needed to increase its effectiveness. Strengthening collaboration, improving coordination, and increasing active participation from all members are essential to maximize the contribution of the school committee in supporting educational quality.