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The artisanal shipping industry in Indonesia, particularly in Batam and Tanjungpinang, has experienced significant stagnation and decline due to the aging fleet and fleet extinction. The background of this study is based on the importance of the artisanal shipping industry in supporting the local and national maritime economy, as well as the major challenges facing the sector in maintaining efficient and sustainable operations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the juridical factors that cause the non-development of the people's shipping industry in the area, as well as identify legal measures that can support the development of this industry.  The research method applied combines normative and empirical approaches through case studies in Batam and Tanjungpinang. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with boat owners, fishermen, government officials, and maritime law experts, as well as analysis of relevant documents. The research integrates John Austin's positive law theory, Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, and systems theory to analyze interactions within the maritime legal system. The results show that burdensome regulations, lack of access to financing, declining competitiveness, as well as environmental impacts and socio-economic factors are the main causes of the underdevelopment of the community shipping industry. Strict regulations and high operational costs make it difficult for small boat owners to comply with regulations, while limited access to financing hinders fleet rejuvenation and upgrades. An aging and inefficient fleet lowers the industry's competitiveness, and environmental pollution from old vessels worsens operating conditions. Suggestions include revising regulations to simplify and reduce administrative burdens, providing accessible financing and subsidy schemes, improving port infrastructure, and training and certification programs for ship owners and crew. In addition, international cooperation is also needed to adopt technology and best practices in the shipping industry. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to support the development of the small-scale shipping industry in Batam and Tanjungpinang, improve competitiveness, and make a greater contribution to Indonesia's maritime economy.    

Maritime law enforcement in Indonesian waters, especially in the Riau Islands, is a complex challenge considering the breadth of the territory and the variety of maritime threats faced. The Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) has an important role in maintaining security and enforcing the law in Indonesian waters. This study aims to analyze the role and authority of BAKAMLA RI in enforcing maritime law and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of its duties in the waters of the Riau Islands. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case approach to collect empirical data. The data was obtained through literature studies, analysis of legal documents, and interviews with BAKAMLA RI personnel and related agencies. The analysis was carried out using John Rawls' theory of justice, Lawrence M. Friedman's theory of legal system, and Sudikno Mertokusumo's theory of legal certainty to understand the obstacles and find solutions to improve the effectiveness of maritime law enforcement. The results of the study show that maritime law enforcement by BAKAMLA RI in the Natuna Riau Islands has not been optimal. The main obstacles faced include limited resources, the complexity of maritime crimes, and ineffective inter- agency coordination. Despite having a strong legal foundation, BAKAMLA RI effectiveness in carrying out its duties still needs to be improved through greater budget support, the procurement of advanced technology, and personnel training and capacity building programs. Based on these findings, it is recommended that BAKAMLA RI strengthen coordination with related agencies through the establishment of a joint command center and information system integration. The government needs to provide adequate budget support and strengthen the regulatory framework to support maritime law enforcement. The public is also expected to increase awareness and active participation in maintaining maritime security. With these steps, it is hoped that the effectiveness of maritime law enforcement by BAKAMLA RI can be improved, so that the security and sovereignty of Indonesian waters, especially in the Riau Islands, can be better maintained  

The background of this research is the importance of the Visum et Repertum (VeR) examination in identifying victims and determining the cause of death, especially in cases of unidentified corpses that are often found in the Riau Islands area. Proper and accurate VeR checks are vital to support the criminal investigation process, provide justice for victims and their families, and maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The research method used is normative juridical with an empirical juridical approach at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with forensic doctors, police investigators, and analysis of VeR documents and reports. The data obtained were analyzed using positive law theory from John Austin, legal system theory from Lawrence M. Friedman, and evidentiary law theory. The results showed that although the VeR examination at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital was generally effective, although there were several obstacles that affected the quality and speed of the examination, such as limited resources, medical personnel skills, and the condition of the corpses that were often decomposed. Suggested efforts to overcome these obstacles include improving forensic medical facilities and equipment, ongoing training for medical personnel, implementing standard protocols, and increasing cooperation between related agencies. Suggestions include the need for governments to invest more in forensic infrastructure, the importance of public education on missing persons reporting, and the need for increased collaboration and integrated training for investigators and forensic experts. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that the effectiveness of VeR examinations can be improved, thereby supporting criminal investigations in a more efficient and fair manner.

Metaphysical is a literary genre that combines philosophical ideas with emotional depth and deep analyses of nature. One of the famous authors in this genre is John Donne, who is known for his profound themes, distinctive style, and skillful use of conceit in his poetry. This paper aims to explore the influence of John Donne's work on metaphysical poetry and assess the contribution and striking elements of metaphysics in his selected poems by examining Donne's use of conceit. The research aims to examine how John Donne influenced the poetry of metaphysics and explore the assessment of his literary endeavors as well as metaphysical elements. The research has uncovered new perspectives from a metaphysical standpoint on religion, the universe, love, and death.    

The study examines the theological meaning of the symbols of water, wine, and blood in the Gospel of John and their interrelation within the perspective of Catholic theology. Grounded in John’s distinctive use of symbolism as a medium of revelation, the study treats these three symbols not as isolated narrative elements but as an integrated theological sequence. The study employs a qualitative method, utilizing a literature-based approach and biblical-theological exegesis of key texts. The findings indicate that water signifies the renewal of life originating from divine grace and is closely associated with Baptism; wine expresses joy and abundance within the new covenant, finding its resonance in the Eucharist; while blood marks the culmination of divine love manifested in Christ’s redemptive sacrifice. Together, these symbols form a progressive dynamic of revelation: from renewal, to communion, and ultimately to redemption. In the light of sacramental theology, these symbols not only reveal the identity of Jesus as the incarnate Word but also mediate a concrete experience of faith within the life of the Church. Thus, the Gospel of John demonstrates that God’s salvific work unfolds in an integral and continuous manner, remaining relevant for the contemporary practice of Christian faith.  

"Yuni" is a film that tells about a teenage girl who has big goal to continue her education to the university level. Yuni faces various inner problems that arise from herself and her environment related to myths and engagement. The film "Yuni" underwent a change in character traits which can be seen in the 5-act story structure. The purpose of this research is to find out the changes in the characters based on the 5-act story structure proposed by John Yorke. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method using various theories and references to analyze changes in the character of the main character based on the five-act story structure. The theory used is the three-dimensional character theory proposed by Lajos Egri and the 5-act story structure theory proposed by John Yorke. From the research that has been done Yuni's character has changed in character in the form of a three-dimensional character that can be seen from the beginning and the end. The change in character can be completed with five rounds which include exposition, complication, climax, fall and disaster in the story in the film "Yuni". This concludes theme of the film “Yuni”, namely a woman who chooses freedom to achieve her dreams and fights against the myths of marriage in her environment.

Pengelolaan energi listrik yang tepat merupakan faktor penting dalam mengelola konsumsi energi listrik secara lebih efisien, konsep yang sangat penting di fasilitas-fasilitas seperti Gedung Teknik Elektro Universitas Merdeka Malang. Penelitian ini menggabungkan penggunaan energi listrik yang dipantau dengan bantuan sistem SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) melalui komunikasi Modbus-LoRa WAN. SCADA adalah sistem integratif dan waktu nyata untuk pemantauan dan pengendalian, Modbus cocok untuk kolaborasi yang andal, sementara LoRaWAN unggul dalam menyediakan sistem nirkabel jarak jauh. Sistem ini terdiri dari sensor energi listrik, unit kontrol, dan peralatan komunikasi yang semuanya digunakan untuk memantau, memproses, dan menyampaikan informasi terkait penggunaan listrik. Makalah ini juga mengungkapkan hasil implementasi di Gedung Teknik Elektro UNMER, di mana sistem yang diidentifikasi dapat menyediakan informasi waktu nyata tentang konsumsi energi listrik. Implementasi ini sebaiknya digunakan sebagai referensi untuk mencapai cara yang lebih cerdas dan berkelanjutan dalam mengelola energi di gedung-gedung lainnya.

The background to this Community Service Activity (PkM) is: First, there is a need among congregation members for speakers/lecturers/who can speak Javanese so that the participants better understand the material for faith formation, in the context of commemorating Good Friday and Easter.  Second, there is a need to refresh the commitment of congregation members in their faith in Jesus Christ.  Third, there is a need for a correct understanding of Good Friday and Easter for the general public, so that they get the correct information about this.  The aim of this Community Service activity is as follows: First, so that the message of the lecture about the coming of Jesus who gives life and abundance (John 10:10b) can be captured or understood more clearly by the recipients of this PkM service, because it is delivered in Javanese .  Second, to explain the material for community service through faith formation lectures.  Third, to determine respondents' satisfaction as participants in this community service activity.  The results of this devotion are: First, faith formation material with the theme "Christ came to give life and abundance" including that Jesus is the door to guaranteeing safety and security, Jesus came to give life and abundance and Jesus guides the lost sheep.  The level of satisfaction of the participants with the material and its delivery is at the level of hight (85,11%).

Data transmission efficiency is crucial in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where limited battery life and signal reliability are significant concerns. This research explores various machine learning algorithms aimed at optimizing data transmission in WSNs, focusing on reducing energy consumption and enhancing network stability. Simulation results indicate marked improvements in efficiency, making WSNs more viable for long-term deployment across diverse environments.

This article entitled “Social Justice According to Jhon Rawls and the Pastoral Counselor’s Responsibility for the Marginalized” aims to describe the role of pastoral counseling in its responsibility to the marginalized using Jhon Rawls’ theory of social justice. This research uses literature research using descriptive analysis method. The data in this article is collected from various sources such as books and journals. And the result of this research is the importance of the church in caring for the marginalized and also the application of pastoral counseling within the church in order to assist the marginalized and apply the theory of social justice.

This study examines the impact of environmental taxation on corporate financial performance across ASEAN countries. Environmental taxation has become an essential policy instrument for addressing environmental concerns and promoting sustainable development. However, its implications for corporate financial performance remain debated. Using panel data from various sectors in ASEAN countries, this research investigates the relationship between environmental tax policies and key financial indicators, including profitability, return on assets, and market value. The findings reveal that environmental taxation can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the industry, tax structure, and corporate adaptability. Companies that invest in green innovation and sustainable practices tend to experience improved financial performance in the long run, suggesting that environmental taxation can act as a catalyst for corporate sustainability. The study provides insights for policymakers and business leaders on balancing environmental goals with economic competitiveness in the ASEAN region.

This study aims to analyze the role of Social Studies (IPS) in transmitting citizenship values to high school students. In the context of globalization and rapid social changes, citizenship education through IPS is considered essential for strengthening national identity and instilling democratic values and social responsibility. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The research sample consists of 10 IPS teachers and 20 high school students in city X, selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation in the form of descriptive narratives, tables, or diagrams, and conclusion drawing with data triangulation. The results show that 78% of students who study IPS have a better understanding of their rights and obligations as citizens compared to students who do not study IPS. Interviewed teachers stated that IPS not only teaches history and geography but also the values of democracy, tolerance, and social justice. This study confirms that IPS is a crucial tool in building knowledgeable and active citizens. These findings support the citizenship education theories of John Dewey, Albert Bandura, and the constructivist theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Overall, IPS is effective in shaping the character and citizenship identity of students, preparing them to become positive agents of change in society  

The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of agenda setting in the formation of Salamrejo Village Regulation Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Anniversary of Salamrejo Village, Kapanewon Sentolo , Kulon Progo Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive method, namely an effort to collect, compile and interpret existing data and then analyze the data. The research concluded that the agenda setting process began with a more " jagongan " discussion between the Village Head, community leaders, Village Consultative Body, Salamrejo District Community Empowerment Institution, Family Welfare Empowerment and Karang Taruna , followed by meetings, team formation and subsequent literature studies. make a decree called the Salamrejo District Anniversary Village Regulation which is used as a guideline in carrying out activities so that the Government Work Plan (RKP) in the use of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDES) can be accounted for.

This article discusses the concept of educational philosophy, explains the relationship between philosophy and educational theory, as well as the relationship between philosophy, education and culture. Educational philosophy is seen as a structured thinking process that uses philosophy as a guide in organizing, aligning, and integrating steps in education. The article also details definitions from several experts, such as Al-Syaibany, John Dewey, and Imam Barnadib, who describe educational philosophy as a philosophical analysis of education. In relation to educational theory, the article explains that educational philosophy conveys its philosophical principles to educational theory, often facing challenges that require contributions from educational philosophy. In addition, the article outlines the relationship between philosophy and culture, where culture is considered as a manifestation of human nature, and philosophy as a systematic and universal method of thinking that includes every soul. Finally, the article presents a view on the relationship between education and culture, describing education as a philosophical activity that aims to explain, harmonize, assess and change the educational process by considering cultural issues. Education is considered to have a dual responsibility, namely developing individual potential and preserving cultural values, which are sustainable and provide mutual support.  

In everyday conversation the word “criticism” usually has an unfavorable or negative meaning.  This word is often associated with a negative or bad assessment of something. But this can also have a positive impact. For example, art, literature, music, etc. In this case, criticism is a type of interpretation that seeks to systematically emphasize the properties of something. When applied to the Bible, this approach is often understood as a passive effort.  However, this textual critical approach is a systematic effort to understand the Bible by examining its form, content, and context, studying it, explaining it, and exploiting the benefits of understanding it from everyone’s point of view. Regarding the Gospel of John, there are several things you need to know about his theology. Jesus had several titles that need to be looked at and studied to know their true meaning. The author uses qualitative methods to examine the history in which Jesus faced the Jews and the Roman empire. As well as the teachings that Jesus gave to His disciples. 

The big five personalities, such as conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion, displayed by each character in the movie Sing. It provides insight into how to achieve goals and dreams despite numerous challenges in life, which makes it interesting to investigate. This objective of this research is to investigate the Big Five Personality of the characters in the movie Sing. This study takes a mixed-methods approach, combining descriptive qualitative analysis and content analysis, where scenes and speech from the movie were analyzed to discover and categorize the characters' personality qualities. The research findings on the Big Five personality traits in the movie Sing stated that extraversion  reaches at 12.5%, while neuroticism, agreeableness and openness to experience each getting at 18.75%, and conscientiousness at 31.25%. The analysis of the Big Five Personality types in the movie finds a variety of characters embodying distinct features. Buster Moon exemplifies Extraversion, reaching at 12.5% of the attributes and showing a moderate level of friendliness and outgoing personality. Meena and Buster Moon both exhibit Neuroticism, reaching at 18.75% of their characters and emphasizing emotional depth and sensitivity. Rosita and Buster Moon embody Agreeableness to the same percentage as Neuroticism and openness to experience, stressing compassion and empathy throughout their interactions. Johny, Meena, and Buster Moon stand out in Conscientiousness, getting at 31.25% and demonstrating organizational and dependability. Johny and Buster Moon also have an Openness to Experience of 18.75%, indicating a willingness to explore new ideas and engage in creative efforts. Overall, this extensive analysis provides valuable insight into the diverse personalities shown in the movie Sing, expanding our understanding of how the Big Five Personality impact the characters' behaviors and interactions in the movie

This research aims to analyze the influence of marketing via social media and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) on consumer purchase intentions for Grab-Food services in Medan City. The research design used was quantitative, with a purposive sampling technique involving 100 respondents who were active users of social media and Grab-Food services in Medan City. Data was collected through a questionnaire using a 5 point Likert scale and analyzed using statistical methods. The research results show that social media has an influence on consumer purchasing intentions, but this influence is not partially significant with a significance value of 0.061 > 0.05. On the other hand, E-WOM has a significant influence on consumer purchase intentions with t count 6.743 > t table 2.052. Joint analysis between social media and E-WOM shows that these two variables simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer purchase intentions, with an F test value of Fcount 57.135 > Ftable 3.091.

According to the definition of American Heritage (2007), design is: "Composing or noting; create," and "formulate a plan." Creative mug design is an activity in making one of the merchendise in terms of supporting a branding activity. SMK Pangeran Antasari is the first school to have a Visual Communication Design (DKV) department in Deli Serdang. Therefore, we took the initiative to provide training that can add insight into the design of students at SMK Pangeran Antasari, especially in the DKV department. Through this training, it can also increase students' creativity and foster an interest in entrepreneurial spirit in them. This training is theoretical and practical directly by involving students to design with the size of the mug given and also do their respective mug press with good guidance. The results of this training were able to design and then apply the design to the coated ceramic mug media that had been provided.

This research aims to explain the concept of progressivism in exhibition management in the Fine Arts Education study program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The type of research used is qualitative-explanatory research, which provides an explanation of why fine arts education study programs use progressivism as a concept in exhibition management. This research uses a qualitative-explanatory method with a library research approach, namely providing an explanation by identifying several relevant literature, then filtering it based on the relevance and quality of the literature found. As a library research, the primary research data is in the form of John Dewey's progressivist philosophical thoughts in his primary work "Democracy and Education". Secondary data is in the form of a literature study of John Dewey's progressivist thoughts written in e-journals. The researcher documented the thoughts of educational progressivism according to John Dewey and then presented them descriptively.

This research describes the application of collaborative learning in Indonesian language courses at universities, identifies its benefits, and identifies the challenges faced in its implementation. This research also aims to formulate solutions that can overcome these challenges, thereby strengthening the effectiveness and success of collaborative learning in the context of teaching Indonesian in higher education. Based on the results and discussion, the conclusion that can be drawn is that collaborative learning has a strong theoretical basis from social constructivism, constructivism, social learning, and cooperative theory (Vygotsky, Piaget, Bandura, Johnson & Johnson). The implementation of collaborative learning provides significant benefits for students and lecturers, including increased motivation, material knowledge, engagement, and better interpersonal relationships. Effective implementation strategies include clarifying learning objectives, forming effective groups, providing structured assignments, facilitating interaction, and providing fair assessments. Further training and provision is needed for students and lecturers in implementing collaborative learning effectively. The development of assessment instruments that are more detailed and sensitive to individual contributions in the group can increase the objectivity of the assessment. Further research is needed to identify more efficient strategies for overcoming challenges in collaborative learning. Stronger support from universities in providing the training and resources needed to optimize the implementation of collaborative learning models