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Education serves as an institutional mechanism that can accelerate the development of a nation's character. Factors influencing the decline of the Indonesian nation are the result of mental and moral decline, which occurs in both the older and younger generations, including within the government and among the wider community. These factors have resulted in the Indonesian nation experiencing setbacks in various positions in the world. To overcome this problem, the Indonesian nation needs to develop and build a life by instilling positive values ​​​​to develop good character and be able to compete with other countries in the era of globalization. Character education offers a great opportunity to implement the process of fostering and developing human beings, with education based on noble morals, namely Islamic education that integrates faith, sharia, and morals in a learning system that is based on Islamic morals and influences self-improvement. One of the advantages of Al-Islam for humanity is the creation of a comprehensive and consistent method for developing mentality, producing generations, building society and culture, and upholding the principles of glory and civilization. Child educators must continue to seek more effective methods, seeking informative educational rules in preparing children mentally and morally, scientifically, spiritually, and socially, so that children can reach perfect maturity.

This research aims to reinterpret the vision of the Protestant Batak Christian Huria (HKBP) "to be a blessing to the world" from the perspective of diakonia. This research uses a literature method with a qualitative approach through the study of theological literature, history, and church documents. The results of the study show that diakonia is the main entrance to the gospel message in the Land of Batak that brings social, educational, and health transformation to the community. However, in its development, HKBP's diakonic practice tends to be centered on church institutions and has not fully involved the active participation of congregation members. In addition, there is a tendency for service that is charitable without sustainable empowerment. Therefore, it is necessary to reinterpret the vision of HKBP by emphasizing the formation of a diaconal congregation, where all members of the congregation should be equipped and encouraged to be involved in the service of love in the community. Thus, diakonia is not only a program of the church, but a real and transformative practice of living of faith, so that the church truly becomes a blessing to the world. Furthermore, strengthening congregational capacity through contextual theological education and the development of local needs-based ministries is an important strategy in realizing a responsive and inclusive church. This approach is expected to be able to encourage the sustainability of diakonia services which not only has a short-term impact, but also builds independence and community welfare holistically.

The development of information technology has driven significant changes in contracting practices, including the emergence of electronic contracts as a form of agreement in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, validity requirements, constituent elements, and legal status of electronic contracts under the Law of ITE, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019, and the general principles of agreement in the Civil Code. The research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative analytical approach through a literature review of legislation and relevant legal doctrine. The study’s findings indicate that electronic contracts fundamentally possess the same validity as conventional written contracts, provided they satisfy the validity requirements of Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the technical provisions set forth in the implementing regulations of the UU ITE. These provisions include the use of reliable electronic systems, adherence to the principles of prudence and good faith, and the provision of clear electronic information. Electronic contracts must also contain the essentialia, naturalia, and accidentalia elements as regulated in Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, and they are subject to additional rules applicable to electronic transactions under Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019. The implications of this study underscore the importance of raising electronic system security standards, providing legal education for participants in digital transactions, and strengthening regulations on digital proof and evidentiary rules so that electronic contracts can deliver optimal legal certainty.

This study explores the role of Christian religious education teachers in shaping students’ character within the school setting. Employing a literature review method, the research analyzes secondary sources that discuss character formation theories grounded in Biblical principles and Christian education approaches. Key values examined include love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion, which are integrated into the learning process. The findings reveal that Christian religious education teachers hold a crucial position as educators, mentors, and role models, responsible for guiding students in internalizing these values. Character development is fostered not only through formal lessons but also through teachers’ personal example, the incorporation of Biblical teachings into classroom activities, and the encouragement of practical faith expressions in daily life. This holistic approach ensures that students not only understand Christian moral principles cognitively but also embody them in behavior and interactions with others. The study emphasizes that effective character formation relies on consistent modeling of values by teachers, meaningful integration of religious teachings into pedagogy, and opportunities for students to practice faith-based actions, thereby strengthening both moral awareness and ethical conduct.

This study examines Christian ethics in responding to the moral crisis of young people in the digital era. The development of social media, algorithmic culture, and the attention economy has shaped how young people construct identity, manage desire, build relationships, and make moral decisions. The central issue explored in this study is not merely digital misconduct, such as hoaxes, cyberbullying, pornography, self-display culture, and social media addiction, but the fracture of Christian self-awareness that separates faith from everyday digital practices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method through library research and theological-ethical analysis. The data were analyzed through thematic reduction, categorization of digital moral issues, and interpretation based on Christian ethical principles. The findings show that the digital moral crisis must be understood as a problem of identity, desire formation, and character development. Therefore, this study constructs a model of digital Christian ethics consisting of digital moral literacy, digital character discipline, digital discipleship community, and digital witness. The implication is that families, churches, and Christian educational institutions must develop systematic, contextual, and transformative digital ethics formation.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a strategic role in instilling foundational faith and moral values in children from an early age. Through the VAK learning style ( Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic). In the context of modern education, PAK functions not only as a medium for delivering biblical teachings but also as a framework for character formation that aligns with children’s developmental needs. This study aims to analyze the role of PAK as a means of shaping faith and moral values, as well as to describe how PAK learning practices strengthen children’s spiritual growth through modeling, habituation, and learning interactions relevant to their daily lives. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach, with data collected through literature studies, limited observations, and reflections on field experiences. The findings indicate that contextually designed PAK learning significantly influences children’s ways of thinking, behaving, and acting. The integration of school, family, and church further reinforces the impact of PAK as a spiritual foundation and moral guide in everyday life. This study emphasizes that PAK is not merely the transmission of religious content but a process of value internalization that directs children toward a life of faith, strong character, and responsibility.

The globalization era presents considerable challenges to the development of Islamic identity among university students. Technological progress, intercultural interaction, and exposure to various ideologies significantly affect students’ values and moral orientations. This study aims to analyze the Aqidah Akhlak paradigm as a framework for reinforcing students’ Islamic identity within the global context. This research applies a qualitative method through library research by examining classical and contemporary Islamic educational literature as well as relevant scholarly works. The findings demonstrate that the Aqidah Akhlak paradigm, which combines solid theological belief (aqidah) with moral character development (akhlak), plays an essential role in cultivating spiritual strength, ethical consciousness, and social responsibility. The reinforcement of Islamic identity is not limited to religious rituals, but also includes the internalization of faith-based values and the consistent application of moral principles in academic and social environments. Therefore, a contextual and integrated approach to Aqidah Akhlak education is necessary to develop intellectually competent and ethically grounded Muslim students in the era of globalization.

The development of science, technology, and the arts (IPTEKS) presents both challenges and opportunities, particularly for young Christians in the Faculty of Languages and Arts. This study explores the role of Christian faith in shaping how young Christians engage with IPTEKS, focusing on the integration of faith-based values in artistic creation, scientific application, and technological use. Using qualitative descriptive methods, the research involved interviews, observations, and documentation from Christian students in various art and education programs. The findings suggest that Christian faith provides a moral, ethical, and spiritual foundation for the responsible use of IPTEKS. In the arts, faith motivates students to create works that serve as ministry and testimony. In science, it encourages knowledge application for service and glorifying God. In technology, faith serves as a moral filter for the positive use of digital media. Key scriptures, including Proverbs 1:7, Colossians 3:23-24, and Romans 12:2, reinforce that IPTEKS should be utilized to honor God and serve others. This study highlights the need for faith development in academic settings, ensuring that young Christians engage with IPTEKS wisely, ethically, and in alignment with Christian values.

The phenomenon of introduction through social media has become very common in this digital era. Social media offers ease and efficiency in introducing individuals to others, allowing them to meet, interact, and build relationships in a different way than traditional methods. However, the introduction of a partner through social media also brings its own challenges, emotional manipulation, and limitations in understanding the partner in depth. In the context of Catholic marriage, this phenomenon poses a serious challenge to canonical law. Canon law strictly regulates marriage in order to remain faithful to the Church's teaching of lifelong union and openness to procreation. However, the introduction of a couple through social media can affect the validity of the agreement, psychological readiness, and understanding of the nature of marriage. The Church needs to meet these challenges with a new pastoral approach, including the development of specific guidelines for the companionship of couples who start relationships through social media. This approach includes strengthening more intensive and comprehensive pastoral mentoring, utilizing social media as a tool for education and counseling and reminding couples of the importance of transparency and honesty in relationships. Thus, the Church faces the challenge of ensuring the psychological readiness of both parties and helping couples to understand more deeply about the marital commitments they make and to maintain the values of the sacrament of marriage in an ever-evolving digital world.

This article examines Ahmad Muhamad Mustain Nasoha’s thought on Islamic nationalism as the basis of patriotism. Nasoha emphasizes that nationalism does not contradict Islamic teachings; in fact, the values of faith, morality, and brotherhood in Islam can strengthen national consciousness. According to him, love for the homeland is not merely a slogan or rhetoric, but a manifestation of faith and a Muslim’s social responsibility that requires active involvement in preserving unity, upholding justice, and contributing to national development. This article highlights the historical, philosophical, sociological, political, educational, and theological aspects of Islamic nationalism, including the contributions of Islamic scholars and organizations in shaping national identity as well as in the formulation of Pancasila as the state’s foundation in harmony with Islamic values. Furthermore, the article discusses the relevance of Islamic nationalism in addressing contemporary challenges, such as Indonesia’s plural society, globalization, radicalism, and digital disinformation. Nasoha stresses the importance of harmonizing Islamic values with Pancasila, so that Islamic nationalism can serve as both social cohesion and an ethical guideline for citizens. The implementation of Islamic nationalism can be carried out through education, legal reinforcement, moral development, and concrete social contributions, enabling Muslims to preserve their religious identity while actively participating in national life. Through this comprehensive study, the article asserts that Ahmad Muhamad Mustain Nasoha’s ideas significantly contribute to the development of a moderate, inclusive nationalism grounded in Islamic values. His thought offers a strategic framework to cultivate patriotic young Muslims without compromising religious identity.  while strengthening Indonesia’s national integrity in the face of contemporary challenges.

Parenting plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality and religious values ​​from an early age. This study aims to examine the concept of parenting from an Islamic perspective, particularly according to the views of Imam Al-Ghazali, a prominent Islamic scholar and thinker. The method used was a literature review with a descriptive analytical and historical approach. The results show that Islamic parenting, according to Al-Ghazali, is based on the principles of monotheism, faith, and noble morals derived from the Quran and Sunnah. Al-Ghazali viewed children as a trust from Allah, born in a state of fitrah (purity) and as potential beings who are the hope of the community. Educating children must be done from an early age because childhood is a golden period that is very decisive in character formation. The parenting methods recommended by Al-Ghazali include: (1) the habituation method to shape character through continuous practice; (2) the role model method, where parents serve as direct role models for children; (3) the storytelling method to instill moral values; (4) the advice method with a compassionate approach; and (5) reward and punishment methods applied wisely. Al Ghazali's parenting concept emphasizes the importance of parents' role in creating a conducive environment for children's spiritual, moral, and social development, which not only impacts worldly life but also the afterlife. This research contributes to the idea of ​​the urgency of implementing Islamic teachings in educating and raising children in the digital era, which is full of various challenges.

Islamic education learning models in campus environments often face challenges in integrating critical thinking with religious character building. Dogmatic and lecturer-centered learning makes students less involved in discovering contextual religious meaning. This study aims to explore the development of an Islamic value-based Guided Inquiry learning model in Islamic education courses. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with an adaptation of the Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel model using the 4D approach (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), as well as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed methods) through tests, questionnaires, observations, interviews, and reflective journals. Quantitative analysis used a mean difference test. The results showed that the developed model consisted of eight phases, namely Open, Immerse, Explore, Identify, Gather, Create, Share, and Evaluate, which were integrated with Islamic values, such as faith, honesty, responsibility, and tolerance. Expert validation showed high feasibility, namely 93.33%. The implementation in the student classroom showed the feasibility of the model syntax with an average observation score of 87.4%, with the Open and Share phases being the most consistent. Empirically, the developed model was effectively implemented in PAI learning with an increase in the average score in meeting I from 58.24 to 73.23, in meeting II from 66.17 to 84.5, and in meeting III, the average score increased from 55.34 to 81.78. The developed model had a very strong impact on shaping student behavior, as shown by the questionnaire results with a score of 93.48%. Supporting factors included the learning environment (with an influence score of 4.55), lecturers and teaching methods (influence score of 4.78), students (influence score of 4.19), and curriculum and material factors (score of 4.37). This means that these factors were identified as factors influencing the development of the learning model.

This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education in fostering students’ character who are faithful, knowledgeable, and globally competitive. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA protocol to trace, screen, and synthesize relevant literature from reputable databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) within the 2015–2025 timeframe. Out of 142 identified articles, 38 met the thematic and methodological eligibility criteria. The findings indicate that the integration of the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education creates a hybrid educational model that balances global academic achievement with spiritual and moral development. The Cambridge Curriculum provides a framework for 21st-century competencies, while Islamic Education embeds values, manners, and moral accountability. This synergy requires a paradigm shift among teachers, pedagogical innovation, and curriculum policies centered on character formation. The study concludes that character development based on the integration of global curriculum and Islamic values is a strategic pathway to cultivating an excellent and adaptive Muslim generation ready to face global challenges.

The Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara at MDTA Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Muttaqin, in Tanjung Rejo Village, Medan Sunggal District, was held from September 1–13, 2025, as a form of student dedication to strengthening religious education in the community. This program focuses on the development of Quranic reading and fiqh of congregational prayer, aiming to foster students' love for worship and deepen their understanding of Islamic teachings. The methods used include a participatory approach through Quran learning activities, practicing wudu, congregational prayer, and teaching the exemplary stories of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad Saw. In addition to religious guidance, social activities such as group exercise, mutual cooperation, and the commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday were also conducted to build harmonious relationships between students and the local community. The results of the activities show an improvement in students' religious abilities in Quranic reading and congregational prayer, as well as a deeper spiritual awareness. This KKN program is a concrete example of the synergy between education, da'wah, and community service in building students' character and faith in the MDTA Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Muttaqin environment.

This research examines the paradox of Christian leader integrity in facing political polarization and group identity in Toraja society. The background of the problem is a contradictive phenomenon where Christian communities strongly emphasize ethical character of leaders, yet strong group identification can blind them to ethical inconsistencies of supported leaders, especially in the dynamics of regional and presidential elections that divide churches. This research aims to analyze the paradox of Christian leader integrity, identify psychological, theological, and sociological factors causing ethical blindness, and formulate leadership principles that can maintain integrity amid political pressure. Using qualitative descriptive methods based on literature study, this research collects data from leadership theology literature, group identity psychology, and empirical studies on political practices in Toraja Christian communities. Research findings show that the integrity paradox manifests in local political dynamics where ethical standards become loose when leaders come from the same identity group. Factors causing ethical blindness include in-group bias and cognitive dissonance (psychological), sacred-secular dualism and permissive interpretation (theological), as well as clan structure and conformity pressure (sociological). The formulated leadership principles include commitment to biblical standards, theology-based political education, transformative prophetic role, accountability systems, contextual leadership, and building mature faith communities. The implication is that this research provides theoretical contributions to the development of contextual leadership theology and practical recommendations for church leaders in navigating the complexity of identity politics. Research recommendations include developing theology-based political education programs in churches, building leadership accountability systems, and further empirical research to validate the conceptual framework that has been built.

The goal of Islamic education focuses not only on improving cognitive abilities, but also on the formation of a complete human being (insan kamil) who integrates knowledge, attitudes, spirituality, and life skills based on Islamic values. This article aims to examine the relevance of Bloom's Taxonomy in the context of Islamic education, particularly its application to Islamic values ​​in educational institutions. This research uses a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach through analysis of classical and contemporary literature. The results show that the three main domains in Bloom's Taxonomy—cognitive, affective, and psychomotor—are aligned with the goals of Islamic education. The cognitive domain, as implied in Q.S. Al-'Alaq: 1–5, emphasizes the importance of reading, understanding, and critical thinking as forms of intellectual development. The affective domain is related to the formation of noble character, sincerity, and self-control (Q.S. Al-Syu'ara: 88–89), which serve as the moral foundation of students. Meanwhile, the psychomotor domain emphasizes the application of Islamic values ​​in real behavior through worship, discipline, and social responsibility. The integration of these three domains reflects a holistic approach to Islamic education that balances intellectual, spiritual, and moral aspects. Thus, Bloom's Taxonomy can be used as an integrative learning model that enriches the Islamic education process and strengthens its role in character and civilization formation. Consequently, Islamic educators need to develop learning strategies that not only measure cognitive abilities but also foster students' religious attitudes and skills, leading to individuals of faith, knowledge, and noble character.

This research begins with the complexity of challenges faced by Christian families in the modern era, such as issues of communication, loyalty, and role imbalance. The aim is to examine the theological meaning of marriage as a divine institution in Christianity, focusing on the core values ​​of love, loyalty, and responsibility. Furthermore, this research formulates implementative strategies to create a harmonious and strong Christian family. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing various biblical sources, books, and journals on Christian marriage. Data were analyzed by selecting, grouping, and summarizing the contents of the readings using a theological relational model, where love and loyalty are the foundation that gives rise to responsibility. The results show that Christian marriage is the embodiment of God's plan, a reflection of Christ's love, and the foundation for a harmonious family. Implementative strategies in modern life include: building communication based on love, maintaining loyalty in the digital age, implementing servant leadership and equal partnerships, making the family a community of faith, and managing conflict with forgiveness. This research is expected to strengthen Christian family life in the modern era through a deeper understanding of the theological meaning of marriage and the application of relevant practical strategies. Academically, this research contributes to the development of practical theology.

This study examines the influence of Islamic education policy on the development of students' religious character at MAS Laboratory IAIN SU Medan. The background of this study lies in the importance of Islamic educational institutions in shaping not only students' intellectual capacity but also their spiritual and moral identity. The study also examines how educational policies relate to curriculum, learning processes, institutional culture, and teacher roles contr To get data from teachers, students, and school administrators, a qualitative descriptive approach was used, which included observations, interviews, and documentation. The results show that students' development of religious character is significantly impacted by the adoption of Islamic education policies. Key elements that support students' faith, self-discipline, and moral principles include teacher modeling, consistent religious practices in school activities, and integrated learning between religious and general courses. Nevertheless, issues like uneven policy implementation and low teacher proficiency continue to impede the best possible results. According to the study, maintaining and enhancing kids' religious character formation in Islamic educational contexts requires professional teacher development, continuous policy execution, and close community, parent, and school involvement.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) research in Indonesia has undergone significant developments, but its future direction and relevance are still crucial questions. This article aims to map the PAK research landscape and identify key challenges and opportunities through a literature review of publications in national and international journals, theses, and dissertations. The analysis is focused on three aspects: dominant themes, methodology, and contextual relevance. The findings show the dominance of conventional themes such as teaching methods, curriculum, and the role of teachers, with a qualitative approach limited to case studies, making generalizations difficult. Contemporary issues such as religious pluralism, digital media, Generation Z spirituality, integration of faith and knowledge, and inclusive approaches in multicultural contexts are still underexplored. This article proposes the reorientation of PAK research through an interdisciplinary approach (theology with psychology, sociology, media studies), methodological strengthening (longitudinal and mixed-methods studies), and emphasis on Indonesia's socio-cultural reality as a starting point. With this strategy, PAK's research is expected to be able to expand its theoretical contribution while answering practical challenges in shaping the character and spirituality of students in the era of modernity.

Education plays a crucial role in shaping the personality, morals, and spiritual values of students. In the Islamic perspective, education is not solely focused on the mastery of knowledge but also includes the cultivation of noble character, the strengthening of faith, and the enhancement of religiosity as a form of devotion to Allah Swt. Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren), as traditional Islamic educational institutions, have a strategic role in instilling these values through religious activities, the teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning), and the habituation of virtuous behavior. Pesantren serve not only as centers of learning but also as institutions for character formation and spiritual development. However, the forces of globalization and modernization bring new challenges in the form of cultural, technological, and informational influences that often conflict with Islamic values. Therefore, pesantren are required to develop adaptive, innovative, and relevant educational strategies that align with contemporary needs without losing their Islamic identity. One effective approach is the implementation of Islamic counseling, a process of psychological and spiritual guidance grounded in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Through this counseling, students are expected to strengthen their faith, enhance their religiosity, and develop moral resilience in facing the dynamics of modern life based on strong Islamic values.