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Ular Tangga learning media is a fun learning tool. The use of this learning media is carried out through a learning concept combined with play. Based on the preliminary study conducted on fifth-grade students at SD N 2 Tanjung, it was found that teachers did not use learning media in students' numeracy learning. This study aims to determine the extent to which Ular Tangga media is effective in improving students' numeracy skills at SD N 2 Tanjung. This research uses a qualitative research design with a case study approach. The population in this study is fifth-grade students at SD N 2 Tanjung. The participant determination technique used in this study is purposive sampling technique with a total of 13 students participating. The results of this study indicate that the application of the Ular Tangga media is effectively used. This can be seen from the interview results and the pretest results when using conventional methods, where only 25% of students obtained results above the predetermined minimum passing grade. After the post-test, there was a significant improvement, with 88,44% of students achieving scores above the minimum passing grade.

Code switching and code mixing often occur in different conversations in society, code switching and code mixing can occur at all levels of society, a person's social status cannot prevent code switching or code mixing from occurring, this is often called multilingualism. This qualitative descriptive research was conducted in the fourth grade learning process at the Simalungun Protestant Christian Church Elementary School with the aims of 1) describing the types of code switching applied by teachers in the learning process; 2) describe the types of code mixing carried out by teachers in the learning process; 3) describe the factors that cause teachers and students to exchange codes; and 4) describe the factors that cause teachers and students to mix code.The methods used are observation and interviews. The results of this research indicate that in the fourth grade Simalungun Protestant Christian Church Elementary School, code switching occurred in the form of internal code switching. Internal code changes include code changes from Indonesia to Simalungun and Simalungun code changes to Indonesia. The form of coding codes in the Simalungun Regency Christian Church Elementary School class IV consists of additional word codes, phrase codes and sentence codes. The factors causing code mixing are (1) explaining something, (2) creating familiarity, and (3) situations and conditions

This research was created to discuss further how educators provide appropriate stimuli so that the learning process of elementary school students can run more effectively according to behavioristic learning theory. This article aims to find out and explain behavioristic learning theory, its characteristics and application in learning, especially for elementary school students. This article uses literature studies to search for and find answers to problems through data from library reviews from various sources and media, both books and e-journals. The results show that behavioristic theory plays a very important role in the learning process in which it is applied, educators are required to design learning and provide appropriate stimuli which will then be responded to actively by students in the learning process in order to realize effective, structured learning and establish interaction and discussion of information.

This learning media aims to develop and improve elementary school students' learning. This media is a development media that uses meta analysis methods. One of the problems in education is the minimum media facilities and infrastructure, so teachers are required to be creative in improving the quality of learning in the classroom, such as developing learning media in the classroom. An interesting learning media that can overcome students' boredom in learning activities is game-based learning activities, such as the application of the snakes and ladders game media. Children at the elementary level have a tendency to play. A fun and relaxed situation will help children to increase their interest in learning. The development of learning media in the form of the snakes and ladders game has the impact of providing discourse about alternative teaching media for elementary level. It is hoped that the use of this learning media can improve the quality of teaching and learning activities at the basic level.

The background to this research is the low level of dance skills of students in class IV of Mugarsari Elementary School, Tasikmalaya City. This research aims to determine and analyze the planning, implementation and improvement of students' dance skills using the demonstration method. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with the object of this research being 29 students. The PTK model used is the PTK research method according to Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of planning, action, observation and reflection in each cycle. The discussion of this research uses the demonstration method in the dance learning process by carrying out tests at the end of each cycle. Data collection techniques in this research are by means of observation, tests and documentation. The results of the research concluded that learning dance using the demonstration method was able to improve students' skills in learning dance. This increase before using the demonstration method (Pre-action) obtained an average score of 79.7% with a completeness percentage of 22.7% in the "less" category. After using the demonstration method in cycle I obtained an average score of 76.13 with a completeness percentage of 59. 09% "good" category. Then in cycle II obtained an average score of 83.63 with a percentage of 86.36% in the "good" category. So that the use of the demonstration method can improve students' skills in learning dance.

The role of computers in the process of teaching and learning activities is very developed. Teachers in schools adapt to using computers as media for deliver learning materials. Javanese script contained in Javanese language subjects is one of the subjects taught to grade 4 elementary school students.The method used in this study is based on interactive media by combining teaching materials, and technological advances. The visual display will contain Javanese script material equipped with images, animations, and audio.Perancangan Media Interaktif “Mengenal Aksara Jawa” is a learning media that adapt students need in this era, so they can easy to receive, absorb, and understand the material.    

The purpose of this activity is to improving environmental literacy in elementary schools. Environmental science literacy is a combination of science concepts and the development of positive attitudes towards nature. This activity was carried out at SDI Watujara, involving students in grades IV, V, V. The method used in this service activity is in the form of situation analysis, socialization approach, problem identification, determining work objectives, implementing activities and evaluating the results of activities. The results of the activity showed an increase in the understanding of SDI Watujara students regarding the conceptions related to the theme of environmental love. The results of this service provide a basis for implementing similar programs in other schools and show the potential of PKM programs in facilitating the development of science literacy and environmental awareness among students. The conclusion of this research is expected to motivate relevant parties to integrate science literacy programs on environmental love at the elementary level to achieve a broader positive impact.

Learning motivation plays a crucial role in improving students' understanding and engagement with the subject matter. Contextual learning approach is considered as a method that can motivate students by linking learning with the context of their daily lives. This study aims to investigate the effect of contextual learning approach on Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning motivation in elementary schools. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature approach, primary and secondary data obtained from studies that have been published in journals that have high credibility sinta 2 and 5, which discuss the effect of contextual learning approaches on learning motivation for Islamic religious education in elementary schools. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out and the data is grouped according to its type, and finally draws conclusions as expected. The results showed that students who received learning with a contextual approach had a significant increase in learning motivation compared to the control group. In addition, the comprehension score of PAI material also increased significantly in the experimental group. This shows that the contextual learning approach can positively contribute to students' learning motivation and understanding of PAI materials. This research makes an important contribution to the development of PAI learning methods in elementary schools. The practical implication is that PAI teachers can consider the use of contextual learning approach in designing and implementing learning strategies in order to increase students' motivation and understanding of Islamic Religious Education.  

Literacy is a complex skill possessed by an individual to utilize potential and abilities in processing and understanding information through activities such as reading, writing, speaking, calculating, and problem-solving. With literacy skills, one can apply their knowledge and experiences as references for the future. As responsible citizens, the skills of cultural and citizenship literacy become crucial aspects that must be mastered by elementary school students. This is considering the students' character in discerning and selecting the noble cultural values of the nation as a basis for their attitudes, actions, and behaviors amidst the diversity of society, nation, and state. This research was conducted at SD Lab School FIP UMJ using the SWOT analysis method. The research results indicate that cultural and citizenship literacy has been implemented at SD Lab School FIP UMJ and plays a significant role in enhancing the cultural and citizenship values of students.

This research aims to find out how ecopedagogy is implemented in elementary school learning to increase environmental awareness and student involvement. This article was prepared using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. Searches were carried out using Google Schooler. In the initial stage of the journal search, 235 journal articles were obtained with a time limit, namely from 2014 to 2023. The procedure for searching and selecting articles in this study used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews & meta-analyses (PRISMA). Ecopedagogy discusses three main areas, namely technical ecoliteracy , critical ecoliteracy, and cultural ecoliteracy. The implementation of ecopedagogical integration in elementary school management which aims to instill environmental character values ​​from generation to generation can be carried out in several forms, namely integration in the curriculum and learning by including an understanding of ecology in the subjects or materials taught and the application of methods or media. Environmentally caring character education aims to instill values ​​and awareness of the environment in students. Case studies of the application of ecopedagogy in education show that it can be applied through digital media and multi-dominant learning to develop cognitive, psychomotor and environmental awareness. Barriers to implementing environmentally caring character education in schools include internal factors such as students' bad habits and lack of knowledge, as well as external factors such as inadequate learning support equipment and lack of cooperation between teachers and parents. Collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and the community is essential for successful implementation.

Collaborative learning is learning that involves students by forming small groups that work together to solve problems that aim to encourage students to play an active role and be able to think critically during learning. The characteristics of the collaborative learning model are considered to be able to train students' stimulus so that it can train and improve students' critical thinking skills. Collaborative learning is expected to be able to improve thinking skills and high thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills. Based on the results of the articles we have reviewed, it shows that collaborative learning that is applied can significantly provide benefits in improving thinking skills. However, there are some challenges that must be addressed such as time management of collaborative learning implementation and ensuring that all students get the same opportunity as other students.

High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) is a way of thinking for students at a higher cognitive level. This research aims to prove whether the implementation of HOTS-based learning has an impact in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature review using the Google Scholar and Semantik Scholar databases for the 2020-2023 period. The HOTS-based learning model focuses on developing analyzing, evaluating and creating which refers to students' abilities in critical thinking. Based on the 8 selected articles, it shows that the implementation of HOTS learning in mathematics subjects can be implemented through learning models such as Game Based Learning or Digital Game Based Learning, teacher skills in implementing learning and developing assessments need to be considered. The application of HOTS learning is considered effective and able to improve students' critical thinking skills.

This research aims to determine the extent of the teacher's role in motivating to improve the quality of UPTD-based student learning at the 71 Barru State Elementary School (SD). Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. This research method uses qualitative with a purposive sampling technique based on needs with a sample of 10 teachers. The research design was carried out based on the Creswell 1996 setting. The results obtained are that the role of the teacher is an important role in improving teaching and guiding if teaching is processing people to become smart, intelligent, clever. Guiding means activities that require students to develop in providing an environment and direction that is in accordance with educational goals. Motivation as a teacher is important because improving the quality of education is a requirement to accelerate the realization of a democratic society. And the quality of student learning is important in improving student achievement.

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

The main problem in this research is the lack of short story writing skills in class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. So the researchers used Bolding media (rolling balls). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Bolding media (rolling balls) on the short story writing skills of class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of Pre-Experimental Design. The data source in this research was 15 class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. Data collection was carried out using the results of the assessment of short story writing skills. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, researchers found that student learning outcomes before using Bolding (rolling ball) learning media were relatively low, namely the average score of the Pre-test results was 58 .33, then the average value of the Post-test results is 85.67. After obtaining tCount 9.223 and tTable 2.14479, we get tCount > tTable or 9.223>2.14479. Based on the results of tCount and tTable, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of Bolding (rolling ball) learning media is effective on short story writing skills for class V elementary school. Presidential Instruction for Parang Village, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency.

Human life coexists with culture, this is because humans always try to maintain their existence in life that requires them to always be in contact with the surrounding environment. It is important for schools to reintroduce the values of local wisdom so that they can continue to strengthen local culture so that it is not lost and abandoned by the community. The purpose of this study was to produce posters of children's literature based on local wisdom sumenep for elementary school students. More specifically, the research will also explore local children's literature sources in Sumenep Regency such as legends, folklore, and fairy tales to be published in posters and then used as reading material for children's literary literacy. The method used in this study is developmental research. Development research focuses on developing systems, models, media, and products. This study used a 4-D model developed by Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel (1974: 5). The development product in the form of children's literature posters based on local wisdom Sumenep aims to internalize the values of local wisdom to elementary school students through classroom learning. The test subjects in this study were grade IV students at SDN Ellak-Laok IV.

This article explores the impact of technological advances on elementary school students' cultural and civic knowledge. Even though it provides broad access to information, the negative impacts of technology such as social isolation and lack of direct interaction with cultural diversity make understanding cultural values and citizenship difficult. Reduced social engagement is also a challenge, limiting students' role as active citizens. The proposed solution involves collaboration between teachers, parents, and communities to create an educational environment that balances technology and hands-on experiences grounded in cultural and civic values. This article emphasizes the importance of preparing elementary school students to acquire strong cultural knowledge and a deep sense of citizenship, helping them become active and responsible members of society.

This research is a type of experimental research with the One Group Pretest- Posttest research design to see whether there is an effect of the PQRST method on improving reading comprehension skills of V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan. So this study aims to find out: (1) an overview of the application of the PQRST method to improving reading comprehension skills of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan (2) how to improve students' reading comprehension skills class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan after using the PQRST method (3) is there any effect of the PQRST method on improving reading comprehension skills of class students V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan. The population in this study were all students of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan, totaling 19 students. This sample uses a saturated sampling technique with a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, testing and documentation. Research data analysis techniques using descriptive and inferential analysis. The conclusions of this study indicate that: (1) The application of the PQRST method (Preview, Question, Read, Summarize and Test) in the learning process goes very well, (2) Students' reading comprehension skills show an increase after using the PQRST method, (3) There is an effect of applying the PQRST method to improving reading comprehension skills of class V A SDN Paccinongan Unggulan Elementary School Makassar City.

This research aims to find out conceptual errors in simple airplane material in elementary schools. Understanding concepts is the most important aspect in learning simple airplanes. This is to avoid students' learning misconceptions and is one of the conditions for achieving success in learning simple airplanes. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection procedure carried out in this research is a literature study. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research results show that the factors causing students to experience conceptual errors include students' lack of knowledge, wrong or incomplete intuition, teachers' lack of mastery of the material, teachers' use of textbooks, and monotonous teaching methods.

This research discusses the principal leadership factors that contribute to increasing students interest in reading. Many studies have been conducted to find out how a school principal influences teacher and student performance. For example, this research aims to identify the main factors that influence the choice of principals in public elementary schools in Pekanbaru City. Other research also emphasizes the role of school principals in improving student achievement. This research can help us understand the relationship between school leaders and students' interest in reading.