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The Cultural Advancement Facilitation through Pinhole Photography as an Educational Medium for Children program aims to enhance cultural literacy, creativity, and awareness among young generations regarding the preservation of Malay Deli cultural heritage. This initiative is motivated by the declining interest of children in local history and culture amid rapid modernization, particularly in coastal areas with limited access to educational resources. Pinhole photography is employed as an educational approach due to its simplicity and reflective nature, fostering patience, accuracy, and a fundamental understanding of the interconnection between art, science, and culture. The program was conducted over three days through a series of activities, including workshops on constructing pinhole cameras, field exploration and photography at Malay Deli heritage sites namely Maimun Palace, Al- Mashun Grand Mosque, Al-Osmani Grand Mosque, and Sri Deli Park and photo developing and curation sessions. The activities actively involved children from the Rumah Edukasi Anak Pesisir community as primary participants in the visual documentation of cultural heritage. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of Malay Deli historical and cultural values, the development of creative and reflective thinking skills, and the production of children’s photographic works with potential use as educational and cultural promotion media. Overall, this program contributes to participatory-based cultural advancement and strengthens sustainable cultural tourism through an educational, creative, and sustainable approach.

The training on computer network cabling conducted in schools serves not only to enhance students’ technical competencies but also functions as a strategic medium for developing collaborative attitudes, technological independence, and religious social harmony. Based on the community service activities carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, the training integrated LAN cabling practice, the introduction of network devices, and guided sessions through observation, socialization, practicum, and evaluation. Throughout these stages, students gained direct experience in crimping, attaching RJ-45 connectors, testing cables with LAN testers, and simulating network configurations, which collectively strengthened their technical mastery. From the perspective of the sociology of religion, the training created a shared learning environment where students of diverse religious backgrounds collaborated equally in completing collective technical tasks. Values such as mutual respect, cooperation across differences, and social solidarity were visibly demonstrated as students helped one another in solving cabling-related challenges. Evaluation results indicate that participants became more independent in completing technical tasks and more open in communicating and interacting with peers of different beliefs. These findings emphasize that technology training can serve as a constructive medium for fostering religious social harmony and character building through practical experiences and meaningful social interaction.

Digital transformation in education requires Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers to develop competencies in utilizing digital-based learning media. However, in rural ECE contexts, the use of technology remains limited due to the lack of contextual and sustainable training. This community service program aims to enhance the digital learning media competencies of teachers at PAUD Ath-Thoyyibah in Pangadegan Village through the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. The program was implemented through stages of community asset mapping, collaborative action planning, practice-based training, and post-training mentoring and reflection. The results indicate that ECE teachers were able to develop simple digital learning media based on images, videos, and audio tailored to early childhood characteristics. In addition to improving technical skills, the program increased teachers’ self-confidence and fostered collaborative networks within the educational community. These findings demonstrate that the ABCD approach is effective in strengthening ECE teacher capacity by emphasizing local asset utilization and active community participation. This program contributes to improving the quality of early childhood learning and strengthening adaptive educational communities in response to technological development.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is a promotive and preventive effort aimed at improving the level of public health. The Baduy indigenous community in Leuwi Damar, Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten Province has local wisdom and traditional lifestyles that influence daily health practices. However, limited access to information and health services is a challenge in implementing PHBS optimally. This article aims to describe the implementation of PHBS education in the Baduy Leuwi Damar community and its impact on community knowledge and attitudes. The method used is a descriptive approach with educational activities through counseling, discussion and simple demonstrations adapted to local culture. Educational material includes personal hygiene, clean water management, environmental sanitation, and healthy living behavior in daily life. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding regarding the importance of personal and environmental hygiene, as well as the emergence of a positive attitude towards implementing PHBS without eliminating the traditional values adhered to. PHBS education carried out using a simple cultural and communication approach is considered effective in increasing the health awareness of the Baduy community. Therefore, health education programs based on local wisdom need to continue to be developed as a strategy to improve the health of indigenous communities. .(Riset Kesehatan Dasar,2019).

In the era of information and globalization, critical thinking skills have become an essential competence for children, including students in Islamic boarding schools. These skills include the ability to ask questions, seek and evaluate evidence, compare alternatives, and solve problems logically. Islamic boarding schools inherently provide a disciplined environment grounded in religious values that supports the development of critical thinking. However, observations at Raudlatul Hanan Islamic Boarding School reveal several challenges, such as low social sensitivity, limited constructive conflict resolution, and the absence of consistent critical thinking habits. These conditions have the potential to hinder students’ adaptability and problem-solving abilities in the future. To address these issues, a program entitled “Optimizing Children’s Critical Thinking Character through the Internalization of Socio-Environmental Sensitivity Values” was implemented using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach actively involved students, ustadz/ustadzah, and Islamic boarding school administrators from problem identification through planning, implementation, and reflection. The activities included character education seminars, critical discussions, group competitions, and interviews aimed at fostering social sensitivity, reducing exclusive attitudes, and strengthening critical thinking skills from an early age. The results indicate high and enthusiastic student participation throughout all activities, leading both students and administrators to hope that the program will be implemented sustainably on an annual basis.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a fundamental competence required by vocational school students before entering workplace practice, particularly due to their high exposure to practical activities involving tools, machines, and work procedures with potential risks. This community service activity aimed to provide OSH training for students of SMK Negeri 3 Ogan Komering Ulu as part of their preparation for workplace practice. The activity was conducted using a seminar and case study approach involving 40 vocational students. The implementation stages included preliminary needs analysis, training delivery through structured material sessions and interactive discussions, and post-training evaluation using participant feedback instruments. The training materials covered formal OSH regulations, basic OSH principles, risk mitigation, personal protective equipment, and the relevance of OSH competencies in industrial work environments. The results indicated that participants demonstrated improved understanding of OSH obligations, awareness of workplace risk prevention, and readiness to apply OSH principles during practical learning activities. This community service activity contributes to strengthening students’ preparedness for workplace practice by fostering early awareness of occupational safety culture within the vocational education context.

This study examines the philosophy of Islamic education in the thought of Imam Al-Ghazali, focusing on educational objectives, philosophical foundations, curriculum, educational methods, and their relevance to contemporary education. Al-Ghazali views education as an integral process that is not merely oriented toward intellectual development, but also toward moral formation and the purification of the soul in order to attain true happiness (Sa‘adah) in both worldly life and the hereafter. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through library research by analyzing Al-Ghazali’s major works, such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Ayyuha al-Walad, and Mizan al-‘Amal, as well as relevant supporting literature. The findings indicate that Al-Ghazali rejects the dichotomy between religious and worldly sciences, as reflected in his concept of fard ‘ain and fard kifayah, which are complementary and interconnected. His educational curriculum is integrative and oriented toward public benefit, while his educational methods emphasize habituation, exemplary conduct of educators, and the process of Tazkiyat Al-Nafs (self-purification). Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy remains relevant in addressing contemporary moral crises by offering a philosophical foundation for forming the insan kamil a complete human being who is intellectually knowledgeable, morally upright, and spiritually grounded.

According to Al-Ghazali, Islamic education is education that strives to form a perfect human being, both in this world and in the hereafter. According to Al Ghazali, humans can achieve perfection if they are willing to strive to seek knowledge and then practice fadhilah through the knowledge they have learned. According to Al Ghazali, the main goal of Islamic education is to obey Allah the Creator, and the most perfect human being in his view is a human being who always draws closer to Allah. This goal seems to have religious and moral nuances, without ignoring worldly problems. The method used to classify al-Ghazali into two parts: First, the special method of Religious education, this special method of religious education has an orientation towards knowledge of faith because religious education in reality is more difficult than other education, because religious education involves intuitive problems and focuses more on the formation of students' personalities. Second, the special method of moral education, Al-Ghazali said: "Just as a doctor, if he gives his patients only one kind of medicine, will surely kill most of the sick people, so too a teacher, if he shows his students the way with only one kind of practice, will surely destroy their hearts.

This article examines the digitalization of Islamic education management in the Industry 5.0 era by emphasizing a shift from mere “digital administration” to value-based governance. The focus goes beyond adopting applications; it highlights a deeper transformation in how institutions manage processes, data, services, and decision-making to enhance effectiveness, accountability, and alignment with the broader purposes of Islamic education. The article synthesizes key pillars of transformation, including system integration across academic, financial, and learning services, strengthened data governance, capacity building for human resources, and cultural change management. While digitalization may improve efficiency and transparency, the article also discusses recurring risks such as digital divides, organizational resistance, vendor dependency, and ethical/privacy concerns, along with practical mitigation strategies. The main contribution is a conceptual governance framework that connects service performance indicators with institutional values, enabling digital transformation to remain meaningful, trustworthy, and sustainable rather than purely technical or procedural.

Kali Baru Lake is a community-based pilot tourism destination in Bekasi City managed by the Kali Baru Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis Danau Indah Kalibaru). Preliminary observations indicate that destination management still faces limited human resource capacity, inadequate safety facilities, and the absence of a structured risk management document as a governance instrument. This community service program aims to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Pokdarwis through assistance in developing a risk management document, tourism safety training, formulation of operational standard operating procedures (SOPs), and enhancement of risk communication. The implementation method applied a participatory approach consisting of initial assessment, training, document development workshops, implementation of safety-supporting facilities, and evaluation. The results show the completion of a risk management document based on hazard identification and mitigation, the establishment of several safety and operational SOPs, the availability of risk communication media, and improved knowledge and skills of Pokdarwis members in managing sustainable tourism destinations. This program contributes to strengthening destination governance professionalism, enhancing tourism safety, and improving the readiness of Kali Baru Lake as a safe and sustainable community-based tourism destination.

The rapid development of digital technology requires communities to possess basic digital marketing literacy and skills in order to adapt to technology-based communication and marketing patterns. The main problem faced by the target participants in this Community Service Program was the low level of understanding and basic skills in utilizing digital media, particularly YouTube and TikTok, for promotion and information dissemination. This program aimed to enhance the capacity of beginners through an applied and contextual basic digital marketing training. The method employed an educative and participatory approach through interactive lectures, discussions, and hands-on content creation practices. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of digital marketing concepts, their ability to use social media functionally, and their initial readiness to produce simple digital content. These findings confirm that a beginner-oriented training model is effective as a community empowerment instrument in the digital era. This program contributes to strengthening digital literacy and has the potential to be replicated in other communities with similar characteristics.

Economic independence for Islamic boarding school graduates remains a challenge amidst competitive job market. This community service (PkM) aims to increase the motivation and insight of female students (santriwati) regarding business opportunities in the service sector as an entrepreneurship alternative without requiring significant capital. The main problem faced by the partners in Baturaja was limited business literacy and the perception that entrepreneurship necessitates physical products. The method employed was socialization through interactive lectures, group discussions, and sharing sessions with academics. The results of the activity indicated a significant increase in entrepreneurial motivation among the students, with 85% of participants now expressing interest in starting service-based businesses such as education, design, or digital services. Furthermore, the participants' understanding of practical steps to initiate a business increased substantially. This activity successfully shifted the students' mindset to become more innovative and independent in facing economic challenges post-boarding school education.

This study explores the profound impact of teacher personality competence on student character formation through a descriptive narrative lens grounded in the sociology of education. Education is not merely a technical transfer of knowledge but a complex social process where the teacher acts as a pivotal moral agent and role model. By synthesizing classical sociological paradigms—Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism—with contemporary empirical evidence, this article argues that a teacher's personality is a dynamic social construct that shapes the "hidden curriculum" and the overall school climate. The narrative analysis reveals that traits such as empathy, integrity, and social justice are not just individual attributes but essential tools for moral socialization and the internalization of collective values. The study finds that teachers who embody these virtues foster a sense of social belonging and ethical responsibility in students, effectively bridging the gap between individual identity and societal expectations. The article concludes that strengthening teacher personality competence is a strategic imperative for developing a resilient and morally grounded generation, recommending integrated professional development that emphasizes the teacher's role as a moral authority in the 21st-century social landscape.

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to possess adequate competence in developing contextual and meaningful Madrasah Lesson Plans (RPM). One of the main challenges lies in teachers’ ability to integrate deep learning approaches into instructional planning. This community service program aimed to enhance the competence of teachers at SD IT Al-Markazul Islami in developing deep learning–based Merdeka Curriculum lesson plans. The program employed a structured and participatory approach through training and mentoring activities, including conceptual presentations, group discussions, and hands-on practice in lesson plan development. Evaluation was conducted using a competence questionnaire administered to 20 participating teachers in the pretest and posttest stages. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that teachers’ competence scores in the pretest ranged from 54 to 63, with a mean score of 58.7, which fell into the moderate category. Following the intervention, posttest scores increased to a range of 89–97, with a mean score of 92.9, categorized as high. The improvement in scores ranged from 33 to 35 points for each participant. These findings demonstrate that the training and mentoring activities were effective in enhancing teachers’ competence in developing lesson plans aligned with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum and deep learning approaches.

The increasing consumption of plastic, particularly single-use packaging, has led to a significant rise in household plastic waste, which poses a potential threat to environmental sustainability. One type of waste that remains underutilized is metallic plastic packaging. This Community Service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge and skills in processing metallic plastic packaging waste into handicraft products with functional value and economic potential. The activity was conducted in collaboration with the Family Welfare and Empowerment Group (PKK) of Ngringo Village, Karanganyar, involving 15 participants. The methods employed included a preliminary survey, educational outreach, hands-on practical training, and continuous mentoring. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments analyzed through the normalized gain (N-gain) method. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills following the training, with an average N-gain value of 0.68, which falls within the moderate-to-high category. These findings indicate that the metallic plastic packaging waste processing training was effective in enhancing community capacity. Furthermore, the activity not only contributed to reducing plastic waste generation but also promoted the implementation of circular economy principles.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

Trust among educators constitutes a critical social capital that underpins organizational effectiveness in higher education institutions. This study investigates the impact of trust erosion among educators on the decline in the achievement of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs/IKU) in higher education. The central problem addressed in this research is the weakening of academic collaboration, reduced engagement in the tridharma of higher education, and the emergence of latent conflicts that negatively affect KPI achievement, particularly in lecturer performance, research collaboration, and the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of trust among educators and institutional KPI performance, as well as to identify the organizational and social mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A mixed-methods explanatory design was employed, combining quantitative survey data with in-depth interviews and institutional performance document analysis. The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between trust erosion and KPI achievement. The study concludes that strengthening organizational trust is a strategic prerequisite for sustaining and improving higher education performance.

This study aims to analyze the role of the digital economy in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs in Medan City. The rapidly developing digital transformation provides opportunities for MSMEs to expand their markets, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen their competitive position. However, the use of digital technology among MSMEs in Medan remains limited due to low digital literacy, limited capital, lack of training, and minimal use of digital platforms such as e-commerce, social media, and Google My Business. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of research conducted in 2024–2025. The results of the analysis indicate that the digital economy plays a significant role in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs, particularly through digital marketing, technological innovation, and optimization of digital platforms that can increase visibility and interaction with customers. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) approach, the competitive advantage of MSMEs is determined by the quality of internal resources, especially digital literacy, innovation capabilities, and technology management. With the support of training and government policies, the implementation of the digital economy has the potential to strengthen the growth and sustainability of MSMEs in Medan City.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tax knowledge and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance, as well as assess the role of taxpayer awareness as a moderation variable in individual taxpayers (WPOP) in West Aceh Regency. The research uses a quantitative approach with ex post facto design and survey methods. A sample of 100 respondents was selected through a random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Primary data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analysis using instrument tests (validity and reliability), classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and moderation regression tests to test hypotheses. The results of the study show that tax knowledge has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions also have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. In addition, taxpayer awareness has been shown to moderate the relationship between tax sanctions and taxpayer knowledge. This means that the higher the taxpayer's awareness, the stronger the influence of tax knowledge and sanctions on taxpayer compliance. These findings are expected to be considered for tax authorities in formulating policies to increase compliance through education and strengthening tax awareness.