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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become essential technological tools for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data to support various human activities. The rapid advancement of information technology has significantly expanded the use of GIS, particularly through web-based platforms and mobile applications, enabling wider accessibility and real-time data utilization. This study focuses on analyzing the utilization of GIS applications and websites across multiple sectors and their contributions to improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes in daily life. The main objective of this research is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize recent developments in GIS implementation through a systematic literature review. Scientific articles were collected from reputable international and national journals published within the last five years (2018–2022). A total of 130 international journals and 100 national journals were initially identified through database searches. After applying relevance screening and inclusion criteria, 33 selected articles were analyzed in depth to extract key findings, application trends, and potential research gaps. The results show that GIS applications and web-based systems play a vital role in supporting various sectors. In education, GIS facilitates spatial mapping for industrial internship placement (PRAKERIN) and school zoning management. In healthcare, GIS assists in mapping healthcare facilities, including pharmacies and hospitals, to improve service accessibility. In transportation, GIS-based systems provide route planning, traffic monitoring, and public transport information to enhance mobility and reduce congestion. GIS applications are also increasingly applied in environmental monitoring, disaster management, urban planning, and natural resource management. Overall, this study emphasizes the growing importance of GIS technologies as strategic tools for data-driven decision-making and sustainable development. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in optimizing GIS-based solutions to improve public services and quality of life.

Islamic economics is an economic system based on the principles of Islam, primarily derived from the Qur'an and Hadith, emphasizing justice, balance, and the prohibition of unethical practices such as usury (riba) and gharar. This system provides a more ethical and equitable alternative to the conventional interest-based economic system. As awareness of social justice and sustainability grows, Islamic economics has expanded, not only in Muslim-majority countries but also across various parts of the world. This journal aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts of Islamic economics, its implementation across various sectors such as banking, trade, and industry, and the challenges faced in its development and implementation. Additionally, this study highlights how Islamic principles can be applied to promote more inclusive and sustainable economic development, as well as the role of Islamic financial institutions in the global economy. This research is expected to provide insights for practitioners, academics, and policymakers in advancing the broader and more competitive development of Islamic economics.

Teacher learning communities are regarded as essential means to improve education quality through collaboration and professional development. However, implementation within formal school contexts faces challenges, such as time constraints, limited structural support, and low awareness of the benefits of learning communities. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of learning communities in enhancing teacher quality in schools and to identify factors influencing teacher participation. The research method employed is a literature review, encompassing analysis of 25 articles from various relevant academic journals. Thematic analysis highlights key topics, including effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities for the development of learning communities. Findings indicate that learning communities have a positive role in enhancing teacher competence and work motivation. However, significant obstacles remain, such as lack of support from school management and limited understanding. The study also emphasizes the potential for digital technology-based learning communities, which could increase teacher participation by providing more flexible access. This study concludes that stronger policy support and further research are needed to address implementation barriers and maximize the potential of learning communities to enhance teaching quality in schools.

The administration of government in Indonesia is based on a systemic approach which includes a central government system, called the government, as well as a regional government system. In the practice of government administration, there are concepts of centralization and decentralization that regulate the relationship between central and regional governments. The concept of centralization reflects the characteristic where all authority for administering government is centered in the central government, while the concept of decentralization shows the characteristic where some authority for government affairs, which was previously the responsibility of the central government, is delegated to regional governments . According to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) has a clear position as an integral regional people's representative institution in the administration of government at the local level. DPRD is not just a representative institution, but is also an inseparable part of the regional government structure. The function of the DPRD includes three main aspects, namely legislation, budgeting and supervision. (Kasenda et al., 2020). In an effort to realize this target, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) needs to take concrete steps that can optimally strengthen its role in the context of regional government. The APBD is the implementation of the people's wishes for the government through the DPRD to improve welfare and services to the community. APBD is also the regional government's annual financial planning which is approved by the DPRD and made into policy through regional regulations. As a legislative institution, the DPRD has the responsibility to supervise the use of the budget and the implementation of regional government programs. Effective supervision is expected to increase transparency, accountability, and ensure that the benefits of the programs designed are truly felt by the community, especially those who need it most. Based on this description, the author is interested in conducting further research on the function of the Deli Serdang Regency DPRD in implementing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget in the Development Sector. In formulating regional government policies, both from the executive and legislative branches, the orientation is to pay attention to the welfare of the people. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, the conclusion is that direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. The effectiveness of supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision.

This research analyzes the authority of local governments in ensuring aviation safety and security through the regulation of the Airport Operation Safety Zone (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan/KKOP) and spatial control around airports in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, international standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as relevant cases in Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, Mutiara Sis Al Jufri Airport Palu, and Supadio Airport Pontianak. The results show that the authority of local governments is strategic but not absolute; it must be harmonized with national policies and international standards. In practice, the implementation is hampered by normative and practical challenges. Normative barriers include fragmented regulations, weak regional legal instruments, and the lack of incorporation of ICAO standards into local regulations. Implementation barriers involve limited technical capacity, insufficient resources, weak supervision, and socio-economic resistance related to land use around airports. These conditions result in ineffective spatial control, which directly affects aviation safety and airport development. The study suggests strengthening local regulations through specific bylaws on KKOP that align with national and international standards, improving the technical capacity of local apparatus, integrating obstacle registry systems, and establishing compensation or relocation mechanisms for affected communities. Cross-sectoral coordination between central government, local government, airport authorities, and stakeholders is also essential to ensure consistent policy implementation. This research contributes to the development of aviation law, regional autonomy, and the improvement of public safety in Indonesia.

Digital transformation in village governance has become a primary strategy for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in human resource (HR) management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital technology in village government HR management and its impact on productivity and administrative efficiency. Employing a systematic literature review method, this research examines implementation trends, success factors, challenges, and optimal strategies for digitalization in HR management at the village level. The findings indicate that the adoption of technologies such as electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM), cloud computing, and village information systems contributes to faster administration, increased accountability, and optimized performance of village officials. However, challenges remain in technology adoption, including low digital literacy among village officials, limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, as well as regulatory and policy constraints. To overcome these hurdles, a comprehensive strategy is required, encompassing capacity building through training, strengthening digital infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among central government, village governments, and the private sector. With appropriate policy implementation, the integration of digital technology in village-level HR management can improve public service quality and support more modern and responsive governance.

Violence against women is a global issue that continues to increase. SIMFONI PPA data shows an increasing trend in cases of violence against women in Indonesia, with 11,712 victims in 2023. The purpose of this study is to explain how the UPTD PPA of Blitar City implements a policy of handling services for cases of violence against women and find obstacles faced in its implementation. Talcott Parsons' structural functional theory is used to analyze how social systems function in the context of protecting women to maintain stability and balance in society. This study uses qualitative, descriptive methods with data collection techniques through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The results are that the UPTD provides six services for protecting women and children, namely complaints, outreach, case management, shelter, mediation, and assistance. Then referring to PERPRES No. 55 of 2024, the number of services has been increased to eleven. However, social challenges such as negative stigma and limited human resources hinder policy implementation. Therefore, UPTD PPA Kota Blitar continues to strive to provide comprehensive services by involving external parties for legal and psychological assistance which then emphasizes the importance of increasing capacity and human resources to ensure effective protection services for victims of violence at the local level.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a pivotal role in driving Indonesia's economy forward, acting as the cornerstone for inclusive and sustainable economic development. However, these enterprises face a formidable challenge in expanding their operations. While effective financial management is paramount for success, many MSME practitioners lack awareness regarding the significance of meticulous and accurate financial record-keeping. To tackle this challenge, information technology, particularly digital accounting, presents promising solutions capable of enhancing the efficiency and precision of financial reporting. This research delves into the implementation of digital accounting among MSMEs in the Sukarame district, Bandar Lampung, aiming to scrutinize its impact on business performance. Employing a qualitative approach, the study seeks to grasp the perceptions, experiences, and everyday practices of MSME practitioners concerning the utilization of digital accounting applications. Through this inquiry, it aspires to cultivate a more comprehensive and contextual understanding of the ramifications of digital accounting adoption on Lampung's MSME sector, offering pertinent insights for policy formulation and the advancement of digital accounting practices across Indonesia. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding MSMEs' integration of digital accounting, promoting sustainable growth and economic inclusivity in Indonesia.

The reproductive health problem of couples of childbearing age remains a significant challenge in Indonesian public health, with interventions that tend to be fragmented and less systematic. This study aims to develop and evaluate a comprehensive reproductive health prevention model based on the WHO Stepwise approach for couples of childbearing age in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The research design used mixed methods sequential exploratory, starting with a qualitative method through focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with 48 participants to explore contextual factors, then continued with a quasi-experimental design on 320 couples in the intervention and control groups. WHO's Stepwise approach includes three phases: assessment, development, and implementation & evaluation. The thematic analysis identified seven major barriers and five supporting factors in reproductive health. The developed model integrates five components: comprehensive education, youth-friendly services, peer education empowerment, family and community engagement, and policy advocacy. Quasi-experimental results showed significant improvements in knowledge (67.3%), positive attitudes (54.8%), and safe reproductive health practices (43.6%) in the intervention group compared to the control (pfeasibility of the WHO Stepwise-based model as a systematic, evidence-based, and multisectoral framework that can be replicated for sustainable reproductive health prevention programs).

This paper discusses in depth the relationship between green constitution and green democracy in the context of environmental protection in Indonesia. In the modern era, environmental issues have become increasingly urgent, especially with the growing threats to ecosystems due to human activities. This research raises several problems, including the lack of public understanding regarding environmental legal norms contained in the 1945 Constitution, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The main objective of this research is to explore and analyze the connection between the principles of green constitution as stipulated in Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution with the existing environmental policy practices. This study also aims to identify the dynamics influencing the development of environmental protection law in Indonesia and to assess the effectiveness of the policies that have been implemented. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis. Through a systematic literature review, this study examines various legal sources, official documents, and relevant literature related to the theme of green constitution and environmental protection. The findings indicate that although environmental norms have been accommodated in the constitution, significant challenges remain in terms of implementation, including the misalignment between government policies and constitutional mandates. This research concludes that to achieve optimal environmental protection goals, continuous evaluation and oversight of the implementation of existing laws are necessary. Furthermore, closer collaboration between the government, society, and other stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the policies adopted are not merely symbolic but also effective in protecting the environment. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating the concept of ecocracy into public policy, which can serve as a guideline in making environmentally conscious decisions. Thus, the protection and management of the environment can be effectively and sustainably realized, creating a safe and healthy environment for future generations.

This study explores the impact of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) on student engagement and academic performance in multicultural classrooms. As educational environments become increasingly diverse, CRP has emerged as a critical approach to meet the needs of students from various cultural backgrounds. This quasi-experimental study involved students from multicultural classrooms across multiple schools, with one group implementing CRP strategies and a control group using traditional teaching methods. Data was collected through surveys assessing student engagement and academic records to measure performance before and after the implementation of CRP practices. The findings indicate that students in CRP classrooms exhibited significantly higher engagement levels and improved academic performance compared to the control group. The increased student participation, motivation, and academic success were attributed to the integration of culturally relevant content that resonated with students’ cultural identities. The study highlights several challenges in the implementation of CRP, including the need for professional teacher training, curriculum adaptation to incorporate cultural relevance, and strong policy support. It also underscores the importance of teacher preparedness, curriculum adaptation, and institutional support in ensuring the effective implementation of CRP. The study’s results align with international best practices, demonstrating that CRP significantly enhances student outcomes, particularly among minority cultural groups. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of CRP and its scalability across various educational contexts to further understand its impact on academic achievement and engagement in diverse classroom settings.

Access to mental healthcare, especially psychopharmacological treatment, for people with psychosocial disabilities (ODDP) remains a significant challenge in Indonesia. Discrepancies between regulations and their implementation, coupled with limited availability of psychiatric medications, pose major obstacles. This research analyzes the collaborative efforts of the Mental Health Association (PJS) and its strategic partners in advocating for increased access to medication for ODDP. The research focuses on the stages of advocacy, the roles of each partner, the collaboration process, and the outcomes of these advocacy efforts. Employing a qualitative approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with PJS officials to explore the roles of partner institutions in advocacy. The findings reveal that PJS has systematically engaged in advocacy, collaborating with various strategic partners such as BPJS Watch, WHO Indonesia, and PDSKJI. This collaborative effort has proven effective in identifying issues, formulating solutions, and driving policy changes. However, challenges such as limited resources and the complexity of the issues persist. The research concludes that collaboration among partner institutions is key to improving access to medication, particularly psychiatric medications, for ODDP. Sustained and measurable advocacy is necessary to ensure that ODDP can obtain equitable and accessible quality mental health services.

The goal of this research is to find out how the policy for preventing and handling sexual violence is implemented for students on UMJ campus. The theory used is from of T.B. Smith which consists of several indicators, namely a) Idealized Policy; b) Target Group; c) Implementing Organization; and d) Environmental Factors. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data obtained by observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that: 1) Idealized Policy, Muhammadiyah University Jakarta has derivative regulations, but they have not been massively informed; 2) Target Groups, namely this regulation is intended for students, but its implementation is not yet optimal; 3) Implementing Organization, UMJ has a PPKS institution which has a program concept, but students as a whole are not yet aware of the existence of this institution; 4) Environmental Factors, Permendikbudristek No. 30 of 2021 cannot be said to be completely in line with the Islamic campus cultural environment because the regulation contains the phrase 'without the victim's consent' which is biased in meaning. Apart from that, the shift in Islamic culture at UMJ was also caused by many factors, such as social, economic and political factors involving power relations.

The candidate threshold policy for regional heads in Indonesia aims to enhance candidate quality through significant political support. However, the implementation of this policy often negatively impacts political participation and competition at the local level. This study aims to analyze the effects of the candidate threshold policy on the number of candidates, the dominance of major parties, and the quality of local democracy. The research employs legal research methods, including literature review and policy analysis with a qualitative approach. The findings indicate that the threshold policy leads to a decrease in the number of candidates, strengthens the dominance of major parties, and reduces healthy political competition. Recommended policy reforms include lowering the threshold, providing support for independent candidates, increasing transparency, conducting periodic evaluations, and enhancing political education. The implications of these findings highlight the need for policy adjustments to create a more equitable and effective election process and to strengthen the quality of local democracy.

This study presents a case study on the implementation of community-based development programs in disadvantaged areas, focusing on the challenges and successes encountered during the execution of these initiatives. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research involved in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, including community members, local government officials, and representatives from non-governmental organizations. The findings indicate that community engagement in the development process not only enhances the effectiveness of the programs but also strengthens the sense of ownership and responsibility among residents. However, the study also identifies several challenges, such as limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, and resistance to change, which can hinder progress. These findings underscore the importance of a collaborative approach and sustained support from all stakeholders to achieve success in community-based development. Furthermore, the research highlights the necessity of tailoring programs to meet the specific needs and contexts of the communities involved. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in designing and implementing more effective development programs in disadvantaged areas, emphasizing the critical role of community participation in fostering sustainable development.

The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has fundamentally changed the educational landscape. Schools, which were previously often considered as stand-alone entities, are now increasingly recognized as an integral part of wider social systems. In this context, the active role of society in the education process becomes increasingly crucial. This research aims to examine in depth how the administration of school and community relations is implemented in the digital era, as well as identifying factors that support or hinder its success. In the last few decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the understanding of education. Education is no longer solely seen as a process of transferring knowledge from teacher to student, but rather as a holistic individual development effort. Society, as a social environment where individuals grow and develop, has a very significant role in shaping the character and competence of students. Therefore, building strong and synergistic relationships between schools and society is the key to realizing quality education that is relevant to the needs of the times. This research has the main aim of analyzing, identifying, evaluating, identifying matters relating to school and community relations. This research uses a literature review approach. Research data was obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, popular articles, research reports, and relevant policy documents. Data analysis was carried out systematically by identifying main themes, comparing findings from various sources, and drawing conclusions based on existing evidence. The research results show that the implementation of administration of school and community relations in the digital era has experienced rapid development. The use of social media platforms, school websites, and mobile applications has facilitated more effective communication between schools and the community. In addition, many schools have involved the community in various school activities, such as extracurricular activities, personal development programs, and decision making regarding school policies.

This research aims to analyze and find out the implementation of public policy regarding the Implementation of Child Protection in the City of Yogyakarta as well as the optimization of the DP3AP2KB for the City of Yogyakarta regarding factors that are obstacles to the Implementation of Child Protection in the City of Yogyakarta. The type of research used is empirical juridical. The nature used in this writing is descriptive with a focused interview research approach. The type of data in this writing is primary data obtained from observations in the field and secondary data originating from supporting sources such as journals, articles, regulations and other literature. The data collection technique used was a field study by conducting interviews with DP3AP2KB Yogyakarta City and the data analysis technique used was qualitative analysis.The implementation carried out by the Yogyakarta City Government regarding the Implementation of Child Protection has been very good, as evidenced by the regulations created as guidelines for the technical implementation of child protection. DP3AP2KB Yogyakarta City needs to optimize the role of related institutions to provide intelligence to every family in the Yogyakarta City area as a form of preventing obstacles that occur.

This study aims to analyze the role of local governments in the implementation of sustainable development policies in urban areas. Using a qualitative approach through case study methods, data were collected via in-depth interviews with local government officials, focus group discussions with community members, and analysis of policy documents and local development reports. The findings indicate that local governments play a vital role in creating positive impacts on the environment and the quality of life for residents through various implemented programs, such as integrated waste management systems, the development of green open spaces, and sustainable transportation policies. Despite significant progress, this research also identifies challenges faced by local governments, including funding limitations, a lack of community education, and the need for improved inter-agency coordination. To enhance their effectiveness in achieving sustainable development goals, local governments must address these challenges through increased budget allocations, educational campaigns to raise community awareness, and strengthened collaboration among agencies. By taking these steps, local governments can be more effective in realizing sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life for urban residents. This research provides important insights for policymakers and practitioners in their efforts to create sustainable and responsive urban communities.

Narcotics Abuse has become a vital problem in several countries, including Indonesia. To solve the problem, the Indonesian government has implemented various policies, including a restorative justice policy. The regulation highlighted rehabilitation, reconciliation, and reintegration for the perpetrators, victims, and community. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of restorative justice regulation in the treatment of drug abuse in Indonesia. The descriptive qualitative method in this study was done through the analysis of literature reviews from various sources related to the application of restorative justice policy for narcotics abuse. The results showed that the implementation of restorative justice policy still got some challenges, even though the regulation was directly adopted to handle narcotics abuse. The contributed factors were the lack of understanding about narcotics abuse and society support, limited resources, and the disagreement among agencies and those factors influenced the effectiveness of the policy implementation. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice policy needs more attention and progress continuity, even though the policy has offered an approach that has effective potential in treating narcotics abuse. It needs great attempt to make the society understand the problem, better communication among the agencies, and the allocation of enough resources to effectively support the policy.

Through the Governance Network, the government has a great possibility to reach problems more closely by utilizing the advantages of the network and developing innovative ideas to overcome public problems and improve the quality of services and public policies. One of the problems is the food security policy. This study uses the concept of Social Network Theory (Klijn & Koppenjan) which looks at the structure in the policy implementation network, namely the aspects of contact, trust, information sharing, and resource exchange as well as how to coordinate between actors in the food security policy implementation network in West Papua Province. The results of the study show that the relationship and participation of actors in the network have not run optimally. This can be seen from the structure in the network which includes trust, information sharing, and resource exchange has not been optimal. Meanwhile, contact from the structure in the network has been carried out well, with the formation of policy tools. Coordination in the food security policy implementation network uses the type of mutual adjustment coordination. The implementation of the Food Security Policy in the Perspective of the Governance Network has not been effective.