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This study aims to examine one of the efforts in creating order and safety on the highway by implementing the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system as an alternative to electronic traffic violation enforcement, without direct interaction between officers and violators and to find out how the ETLE system is implemented in Serang City and to what extent its effectiveness in reducing the number of traffic violations. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of ETLE in Serang City has been running quite well, supported by surveillance camera technology and an integrated reporting system. However, there are still obstacles such as the lack of public understanding of this system and the limited coverage of the ETLE monitoring area. The implementation of ETLE is a progressive step in traffic law enforcement, but it needs to be accompanied by more massive socialization and development of supporting infrastructure so that the results achieved are more optimal.

Drug abuse among teenagers has become a serious problem that requires special attention in the Indonesian criminal law system. Teenagers as an age group that is vulnerable to external influences, often fall into drug use, either due to environmental factors, social interactions, or lack of understanding of its negative impacts. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is the main legal basis for combating the circulation and abuse of narcotics in Indonesia. Article 127 of Law Number 35 of 2009 regulates criminal sanctions for drug abusers, with the provision that drug users can be sentenced to a maximum of 4 years in prison for class I narcotics for themselves, 2 years for class II, and 1 year for class III.

Pancasila is foundational ideology of Indonesia, serving as a guiding principle across various aspects of life, including fair and sustainable communication. Klean (2013) states that "Pancasila is a source of values for building just and civilized social interaction." In the context of communication, the principle of justice is crucial, as "every individual has the equal right to express their opinion." This study utilizes a qualitative method Based on an analysis of existing research and discourse analysis. This method was chosen to understand the application of Pancasila values in the context of fair and sustainable communication in the social, political, and mass media spheres. The study is descriptive-analytical in nature, aiming to explain, analyze, and interpret the concept of communication based on Pancasila in various life aspects. Pancasila functions not only as the foundation of the state but also as a philosophical system that holds significant meaning and relevance for the Indonesian nation in preserving unity and national integrity. As a foundation for fair and sustainable communication, Pancasila plays a vital role in multiple life domains by offering five interrelated and complementary principles.

Communication within the family is an important foundation in shaping children's character and mindset, especially when facing conflicts or sensitive issues such as teenage pregnancy. The film Dua Garis Biru by Gina S. Noer realistically depicts the dynamics of communication between family members when faced with surprising and stressful situations. This study aims to examine how family communication patterns are represented in the film, and how these communication messages reflect the social conditions of Indonesian society. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, especially in scenes showing interactions between the main characters and their respective parents. The results of the study show that this film represents a family communication pattern that is authoritative, closed, but slowly develops into a more open and empathetic one along with the ongoing conflict. The film Dua Garis Biru not only presents teenage conflicts, but also reflects the importance of openness and emotional support in family communication. This representation can be a reflection for parents and teenagers in building healthy and solution-oriented communication within the family.  

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.    

The development of information technology in this modern era means that people increasingly need things in life, especially with the increasing prevalence of mobile phone technology and other smart phones which are widely distributed in society. This technology makes everything more efficient and easier. Protection of children's data on social media, especially on the social media platform TikTok, is an issue that is increasingly occurring in the digital modernization realm. With the rapid growth of children's users who are increasingly connected to various online platforms, although TikTok provides space for expression and creativity, on the one hand, TikTok also presents various risks related to the collection and misuse of children's personal data. The data collected on this platform, which will include information such as location, content data preferences, and social interactions, will ultimately be used for advertising purposes and can even be misused by irresponsible parties spread across the Tiktok platform. This article aims to explore aspects of protecting children's personal data on TikTok, as well as including the policies implemented by TikTok and the government.

Political communication based on Pancasila values serves as a crucial foundation for developing ethical and effective digital campaign strategies in Indonesia. The advancement of technology has transformed political campaigns from face-to-face interactions into digital engagements through social media, websites, and messaging applications. This study aims to analyze the application of Pancasila principles in digital political campaigns and evaluate their effectiveness in fostering ethical, people-centered political communication. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs content analysis of digital campaign materials from various political parties. The findings indicate that campaigns emphasizing values such as unity, humanity, social justice, and deliberation can enhance public participation, particularly among younger voters. Key success factors include information transparency, open dialogue, polite language use, and the provision of objective political education. Pancasila-based digital campaigns also help mitigate social polarization and strengthen public trust in the democratic process. Therefore, this model of political communication is worth adopting as a campaign approach that not only seeks electoral support but also reinforces a substantial and dignified democracy.

In everyday life, the practice of making agreements is often done simply without written form, especially in social interactions and informal economic activities. This raises legal questions about whether agreements made orally have valid legal force. This study aims to understand the legal position of oral agreements from the perspective of Indonesian civil law, especially regarding the requirements for the validity of an agreement based on the provisions of Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). This study uses a normative juridical method, with an approach to laws and legal doctrine. The results of the study show that even though they are not made in writing, oral agreements are still valid as long as they meet the applicable legal requirements. However, the problem that often arises lies in the difficulty of proof when peace occurs. Therefore, it is important for parties to consider written records as a form of legal protection.  

This study aims to examine the impact of the Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy on student learning outcomes at the secondary school level. Using a literature review method, the research synthesizes theoretical perspectives on cooperative learning, detailed applications of the Jigsaw model, and empirical findings from previous studies that focus on its effects across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. The findings indicate that the Jigsaw strategy significantly improves students’ cognitive achievements and fosters affective development such as motivation, empathy, and positive attitudes toward learning. In addition, this strategy enhances students’ social interaction skills and promotes collaborative behavior, contributing to a more inclusive and engaging classroom environment. The collaborative nature of the Jigsaw model allows students to take responsibility for their own learning while also supporting their peers, which contributes to deeper understanding and retention of the material. These outcomes suggest that the Jigsaw method is an effective instructional approach for enhancing student engagement and academic performance. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of providing professional development opportunities for teachers to effectively implement the Jigsaw strategy. Furthermore, schools are encouraged to foster a classroom climate that supports teamwork and active student participation. Overall, this review highlights the Jigsaw model as a promising pedagogical tool for improving student outcomes and fostering 21st-century skills in secondary education settings.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

This study explores the essential role of lobbying and negotiation strategies across various sectors such as politics, social affairs, business, and non-profit organizations. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, the research highlights how these communication strategies influence decisions, build relationships, and resolve conflicts. The findings indicate that lobbying and negotiation skills are crucial for groups to achieve their goals, particularly in today’s digital era. Social media also emerges as a new platform for such practices, though it brings challenges to face-to-face interaction quality. Therefore, a deep understanding and ethical application of lobbying and negotiation are vital for creating effective and constructive communication.

The geopolitical relations between China and Afghanistan have undergone significant transformations in recent years, shaped by regional dynamics, security imperatives, economic cooperation, and strategic interests. As a neighboring country with extensive global influence, China has adopted a pragmatic approach toward Afghanistan, seeking to balance its economic investments with security considerations. This study explores the historical trajectory of Sino-Afghan relations, identifies the key factors influencing their bilateral interactions, and examines Afghanistan’s strategic importance within the broader regional ambitions of China—particularly in relation to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also briefly investigates China's role in Afghanistan’s political landscape following 2001 and analyzes its evolving stance after the Taliban's return to power in 2021. Furthermore, the research highlights the economic, security, and diplomatic dimensions of the two countries’ relationship and evaluates how Beijing’s strategic calculations in Afghanistan align with its broader regional objectives—especially concerning security stability (counterterrorism) and economic expansion. From a geopolitical standpoint, this paper offers insights into the long-term implications of China’s engagement with Afghanistan and its broader impact on the regional power dynamics, using a descriptive-analytical methodology.

The preparation of this scientific paper aims to analyze economic, social, environmental, and ecological issues that arise as a result of the interaction between mining activities and the existence of natural resources. This study employs a normative legal research method. Based on the findings, the mining activities of PT. IWIP in North Maluku Province have positive impacts that can support economic development. However, the adverse effects on the environment tend to be more significant. This is evidenced by water, air, and soil pollution caused by PT. IWIP’s mining operations in Central Halmahera Regency. According to the author, this is a very serious issue. The government’s ambition to make Indonesia a leading producer of nickel-based products has endangered the lives of residents in Central Halmahera living near nickel mining areas. These communities are forced to sacrifice their livelihoods, and even their health has been affected. Moreover, there is no accountability from PT. Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park regarding the environmental impacts, which are influenced by the new regulations that have been enacted. Article 88 of Law Number 6 of 2023, which ratifies Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation, removes the provision that previously did not require proof of fault. This change makes it more difficult for affected communities to prove the environmental pollution that has occurred.

This analysis aims to draw attention to the necessity of improving military-civilian interactions in order to promote peace in Borno State. The information used in the paper was taken from literary works of literature. The results demonstrate the critical necessity for good ties between the military and people in order to establish mutually beneficial partnerships that could result in peace during this period of insurgency in Borno State, Nigeria.  The primary focus of modern civil-military relations is how civilian leadership manages the armed forces in democracies. Therefore, the elements that influenced the connection between Nigeria's military institution and civilian leadership (2012–2021) were evaluated in this study. The study made the assumption that, since the establishment of the elected civilian government in May 1999, Nigeria's civil-military relations have been significantly shaped by the nature of the interactions between the military and civilian leaderships, the function of civil society, and the external environment. Among the factors found are the knowledge of civilian leadership, the military's readiness to follow orders from civilian leadership, the legal and policy frameworks that governed these leaderships, the functions of international actors, particularly advanced democracies, and civil society. The following results were obtained by using the qualitative content analysis method for data collection and evaluation: The Nigerian military was easier to control thanks to the civilian leadership's understanding of military issues; civil society's role as an advocate for liberal, democratic civil-military relations was very limited; the military's willingness to submit to established authority determined civilian control ability and the role of the international community in terms of its expectations and assistance in the region reform of the security sector fueled the potential for civilian command of the armed forces. 

This essay examines Nigeria's leadership dilemma and civil-military relations in the twenty-first century. The connections between the civilian authority (CAU) and non-governmental civilian organizations are known as civil-military relations (CMR) organizations (NGCG) against the military. However, peacebuilding is a strategy for fostering reconciliation and capacity building that aims to stop conflict or its resumption. The study looks at South West Nigeria's peacebuilding and civil-military relations from 2011 to 2018. The documentary research approach was used for this study, while content analysis was used to examine the work's content. Data for the research project was gathered through observation and documentary investigations. Agency theory is the theory used in this investigation. The results showed that: the military voluntarily accepts their subordinate status to the civilian authority or his representatives because of a constitutional provision that allows for their subordination to civilian authority; Additional results indicate that there was a bad peace between the military and non-governmental civilian groups because of the disputes between the two groups, which were centered on mass harassment and intimidation. The National Assembly should pass legislation requiring only former military personnel to serve as ministers of defense and police, respectively, according to the study's recommendations. Once more, the National Assembly should establish the Independent Monitoring Operation on Military (IMOM) from among non-governmental civilian organizations to keep an eye on troops' movements and actions. It should also have the authority to reprimand and sanction soldiers.

Fulfillment of basic needs of the elderly consists of physical and psychological needs. However, currently, neglect of the elderly in society is rampant so that their physical, mental, and emotional needs are not met which results in the quality of life of the elderly being disturbed. This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of basic needs of neglected elderly in the Elderly Social Welfare Institution, with a case study at Pondok Lansia Berdikari. This study uses a qualitative research approach and Purposive Sampling sampling technique involving 3 respondents. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observations, and documentaries. Data were analyzed using the Interactive, Miles and Huberman analysis models. The results of the study indicate that the fulfillment of physical and psychological needs of neglected elderly in Pondok Lansia Berdikari is fulfilled with a comfortable environment, controlled temperature, adequate lighting, minimal noise, and attention to nutritional intake and hydration. On the psychological side, recreational activities and opportunities for social interaction are provided that support the emotional well-being of the elderly. However, the fulfillment of psychological needs in terms of religion has not been fully met due to limited facilities for places of worship, although religious programs have been available. Thus, the needs of the elderly are physically met but in terms of religious psychology they have not been met. Therefore, it is necessary to provide worship facilities for the elderly.

The Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 has attracted attention in Indonesian legal studies because it is related to the constitutionality test of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The validity of this Constitutional Court Decision, when analyzed through the lens of legal realism, can be understood as the result of a compromise between the law as a norm that must be obeyed and the changing needs of society. Social factors, such as pressure from community groups or public opinion, play a significant role in influencing the Constitutional Court's decision. In this case, the Constitutional Court is tasked with interpreting the constitution in a broader context, which includes responses to socio-political dynamics and developing community aspirations. The legal realism perspective provides an understanding that the validity of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 does not only depend on the text of the constitution, but is also influenced by developing socio-political dynamics. The Constitutional Court's decision reflects the interaction between legal norms and existing social conditions, with the Constitutional Court functioning as an institution that responds to social demands.

The East Java Provincial Government established the East Java Super Corridor (EJSC) in five regions, including Bojonegoro Regency, to provide coworking spaces for the public. EJSC Bakorwil Bojonegoro is the only coworking space in the area, making it essential to offer high-quality services. This study aims to describe the service quality of the coworking space at EJSC Bakorwil Bojonegoro using a descriptive qualitative method. This research focuses on the five service quality indicators proposed by Kotler and Keller (2016): reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies, with data analysis involving collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the service quality of the coworking space at EJSC Bakorwil Bojonegoro is generally satisfactory. Reliability is reflected in the provision of free facilities that support user productivity. However, responsiveness still faces challenges in terms of timely responses to complaints and the flexibility of operating hours. Assurance has been established through effective communication, although staff professionalism needs improvement. Empathy is demonstrated through warm and responsive interactions between management and users. Tangibles indicate that the available facilities are adequate, but some shortcomings remain, such as limited parking space and suboptimal workspace arrangement.

YouTube is one of the leading video-based social media platforms with a complex algorithm for recommending content to users. Understanding this algorithm is crucial for content creators to increase visitor numbers and audience engagement. This socialization activity aims to educate beginner content creators on video optimization strategies to enhance discoverability and recommendation by YouTube’s system. The socialization was conducted online via Zoom, utilizing presentations, interactive discussions, and simulations of YouTube Studio features. The results of this activity indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of key factors influencing the YouTube algorithm, such as watch duration, user interactions, and metadata optimization. Some participants who implemented the taught strategies experienced up to a 30% increase in video views within a month. However, challenges remain in maintaining content consistency and utilizing YouTube analytics effectively. Therefore, continuous mentoring is necessary to help participants refine more effective strategies. This socialization is expected to enable content creators to maximize the YouTube algorithm to enhance their channel visibility and growth.

The aim of this research is to determine the pattern of parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region, and to determine the parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region from the perspective of the Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. This research is field research (Field Research). Field research is research that focuses on the context of individuals, groups, organizations, social situations and social interactions. Meanwhile, this research uses a normative juridical approach with the provisions of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002. This research uses two data sources, namely primary data in the form of data from interviews with research objects and secondary data in the form of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 and official documents related to this research. The results of the research show that the parenting patterns of families with disabled students in the Poncol area according to the Child Protection Law number 23 of 2002, some of them treat children correctly without taking or abusing the child's rights. So it can be concluded that there are still some who have not carried out their obligations as parents to care for, educate and protect their children. So, when parents do not fulfill their obligations, the child does not get full rights.