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The need for development financing in the regions is increasing, while dependence on the APBN/APBD funds cannot meet all those needs. Therefore, the regional government is starting to explore alternative financing cooperation, including with non-government entities (private and international financial institutions). This article aims to examine the role of national civil law as the legal basis for regulating the relationship between the parties in such cooperation schemes. This research uses a normative juridical method with an approach based on legislation and concepts. It is found that national civil law, particularly agreements in the Civil Code and modern contract law, plays a vital role in determining the rights and obligations of the parties, ensuring legal certainty, and preventing disputes in the implementation of non-APBN/APBD funding cooperation. In addition, the flexibility of civil law allows for adaptation to the needs of the region and funding partners. Strengthening the legal capacity of local governments and harmonizing with sectoral regulations are necessary.

The Strategy a set of actions taken to achieve goals. To realize this strategy, specific actions need to be by undertaken public relations management. The objective of this scientific article is to understand the public relations management strategies in developing educational cooperation relationships at SMAN 2 Sangatta Utara. The research is motivated by the importance of cooperation for the advancement and improvement of educational quality within school institutions. This qualitative field study involved the school principal, the vice principal for public relations, teachers, and partner representatives as informants. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that SMA Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara maintains good cooperative relationships with various parties, including universities, the industrial and business sectors, and local government. The implemented PR strategies include actively preparing work program proposals, drafting Memorandums of Understanding (MoU), and conducting regular evaluations of involved teachers and students. However, challenges were encountered, namely budget limitations for MoU activities and coordination difficulties with the business/industry sectors regarding the improvement of teacher human resources and student funding. The proposed solutions involve continuously optimizing existing strategies, such as proposal submissions, MoU creation, and ongoing evaluations, to overcome these obstacles and strengthen educational cooperation

This study aims to describe the strategies implemented by Rumah Belajar Merah Putih in addressing the educational needs of children of commercial sex workers who are not enrolled in formal schooling. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that Rumah Belajar Merah Putih faces several challenges, including limited facilities and infrastructure, insufficient funding, low public awareness of the importance of education, a shortage of qualified teaching staff, and difficulties in establishing external partnerships. To overcome these obstacles, the organization has developed strategies encompassing four key aspects: (1) Corporate strategy, which emphasizes the formulation of a vision, mission, and goals in response to the community’s lack of attention to education; (2) Program strategy, designed based on the background of the learners to raise awareness of the importance of education; (3) Resource support strategy, aimed at addressing the limitations in teaching staff, funding, and facilities; and (4) Institutional strategy, focused on strengthening internal communication and expanding external partnerships to tackle collaboration challenges. These four strategies have proven effective in addressing the identified challenges and serve as a crucial foundation for providing inclusive education for children of commercial sex workers, although continuous improvement and reinforcement are still needed.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of funding sourced from Danantara—a digital platform that manages state investment with funding support from state-owned bank customers—in supporting the acceleration of national development. In the context of state investment, collaboration between the Investment Management Institution (LPI) and state-owned financial institutions is important as a form of fiscal innovation and expansion of non-APBN financing sources. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with literature studies from various scientific journals and related laws and regulations. The results of the study show that Danantara has the potential to be a reliable, flexible, and sustainable long-term funding instrument. Through funds collected from state-owned bank customers, state investment can be focused on strategic sectors such as infrastructure, energy, and digitalization. However, its effectiveness is still faced with regulatory challenges, transparency of governance, and public literacy regarding state investment mechanisms. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and synergy between financial institutions, as well as increase public trust so that Danantara can function optimally as the main supporter in realizing fiscal independence and national economic growth.

This study analyzes how actors and structures play roles in addressing environmental issues caused by waste transportation truck activities in Dukuh Promasan, Salatiga. The findings reveal that the local community is actively involved in collective efforts, such as cleaning the roads and reporting issues related to waste management. Although the community generally tends to be passive towards government policies, this research found that residents of Dukuh Promasan actively participate in mitigating the negative impacts of waste transportation, including problems related to noise, odor, scattered waste, and leachate. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method to examine the interactions among various actors, such as the Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup), the Ngronggo landfill management, truck drivers, and the Dukuh Promasan community. It explores the social dynamics resulting from these interactions, particularly how community initiatives can influence waste management policies and practices. Moreover, the study identifies the challenges faced by the Environmental Agency in managing waste, such as limited funding and facilities, which negatively affect the efficiency of waste collection and processing. These findings highlight the necessity of policies that promote active community participation in waste management. This research is expected to provide insights into the relationship between community behavior and the waste management system, and to recommend a collaborative approach to enhance environmental sustainability in Dukuh Promasan.

This study describes the role of leadership in improving the quality of education through School Based Management which is applied at S MI Roudlotul Jannah Prambon with the formulation of the research problem: What is the role of leadership in improving the quality of education, What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of education through School Based Management . The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are used by observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are made by data reduction, data display and conclusion (verification) and data validity. The results of this study indicate that school principals have implemented SBM to improve the quality of education with the following activities: First, madrasah heads have planned and evaluated school programs, curriculum management and teaching and learning processes, student services, human resource management, financial management, facility management and Infrastructure and School-Community Relations. Second; the head of the madrasa plays a role as; Supervisors, Managerial and Educators thus the leadership role of the head of the madrasa at MI Roudlotul Jannah in order to improve the quality of education, has been quite well demonstrated by the graduation standards which increase every year. Third; supporting and inhibiting factors include: Supporting: Visionary Leadership, Qualified Teachers, Relevant Curriculum, Parental and Community Participation and Adequate Facilities; Barriers: Technology and Globalization Challenges, Lack of Funding Sources, Inadequate Evaluation and Monitoring, Lack of Access to Technology and Infrastructure.

The implementation of dengue fever control in Tanjungpinang City through the 1 House 1 Jumantik Movement program has not been optimal until now. The problem in controlling dengue fever through this program is that the community is inactive and does not know about the implementation of this program. The purpose of the researcher was to determine the implementation of dengue fever control through the 1 House 1 Jumantik Movement program in Tanjungpinang City. Qualitative Method and Policy Implementation theory by Marilee S Grindle. The results of the study showed (1) Content of policy, the researcher found from the indicators of the resources used, namely financial resources, the wages given were only enough for transportation costs. Insufficient resources also limited the number of jumantik cadres working, plus there was a change in funding sources to BOK which caused several health centers to experience a budget reduction in Jumantik honorariums (2) Context of Implementation found that the authority of each actor was not in accordance with the implementation manual for the 1 House 1 Jumantik Movement by the Ministry of Health. In addition, the government also did not provide guidance to the community so that many people did not know about this program.

MSMEs play a vital role in national economic growth through job creation and poverty reduction. This literature study analyzes the contributions and challenges of MSMEs in the digital era. The results show that MSMEs make a significant contribution to GDP and community welfare, but face obstacles such as limited access to financing, low digital literacy, and technological and managerial limitations. Collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community is needed to strengthen human resources, expand access to funding, and encourage the adoption of digital technology so that MSMEs can compete in the digital economy.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, investment risk, sharia compliance, and subjective norms on individual’s interest in investin in sharia-based securities crowdfunding (SCF) stock instruments in Jakarta. A quantitative approach with descriptive method was employed in this research. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 240 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The population in this study consisted of individuals who are interested in sharia SCF stocks and reside or work in Jakarta. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that finansial literacy, investment risk, sharia compliance, and subjective norms have a positive and significant influence on investment interest in sharia-based securities crowdfunding stock in Jakarta.

This paper explores the potential of integrating Sharia-compliant financial technology (fintech) innovations with sukuk issuance to drive sustainable infrastructure development in emerging economies. With the rise of digital transformation and the increasing focus on sustainable development, the Islamic financial system provides a unique opportunity to reconcile financial innovation with ethical principles. The study highlights how Sharia fintech platforms, such as crowdfunding and blockchain, can enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of sukuk as a financial instrument. At the same time, sukuk addresses the significant financing gap in infrastructure development while adhering to Islamic principles, such as avoiding riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (speculation). Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this research identifies the gaps in existing approaches to financing sustainable infrastructure in emerging economies and proposes a novel integration framework. Findings suggest that the convergence of Sharia fintech and sukuk can facilitate financial inclusion, attract a broader investor base, and accelerate infrastructure financing. Furthermore, this integration supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by ensuring that financial tools align with social justice and environmental stewardship. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on Islamic finance by providing actionable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and fintech developers. It emphasizes the importance of regulatory frameworks and cross-sector collaboration to unlock the full potential of Sharia-complian

A business incubator is a forum or institution that aims to foster, guide, and accelerate the growth of start-up businesses by providing resource support such as training, funding, network access, and operational facilities. This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Technology-Based Business Incubation Programs in Increasing Startup Growth. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with literature studies as the main data collection technique. The results of the study indicate that business incubators play an important role in reducing the failure rate of digital startups, increasing competitiveness, and accelerating the commercialization process of digital products and services. An effective incubator is characterized by the ability to provide relevant mentoring programs, mentoring from industry practitioners, and access to funding sources. The conclusion of this study states that the existence of business incubators significantly supports the growth and sustainability of digital startups, but their success still depends heavily on the quality of incubation services and the internal readiness of startups to receive coaching.

This research explores the key challenges in child protection efforts carried out by UNICEF in armed conflict areas, focusing on the case of the Central African Republic (CAR). It adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, drawing on a literature review of UNICEF reports, UN documents, academic publications, and other credible sources. The analysis reveals that child protection failures stem not only from technical obstacles in the field but also from deeper structural problems, including the state’s weak presence, political compromises with armed groups, and limited institutional capacity. Three major categories of barriers are identified: structural and access-related obstacles, socio-cultural and political constraints, and institutional and operational limitations. UNICEF faces significant challenges in reaching high-risk areas, gaining community trust, and ensuring program sustainability amid high dependence on external funding. Using the human security framework, this research highlights the need to understand child protection in conflict zones as a multidimensional issue requiring a long-term, contextualized approach that strengthens state structures and empowers local communities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Role of the Election Supervisory Body in the Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Tasikmalaya Regency in 2024. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method. This method includes observation, interviews and documentation. Data processing techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the role of the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) has not been running optimally as seen from four dimensions. First, in the dimension of the role as an entrepreneur, Bawaslu experienced obstacles in understanding organizational issues and building relationships with the KPU, which was caused by miscommunication and weak supervision which led to a Revote. Second, in the dimension of the role as a disturbance handler, Bawaslu has not been effective in dealing with unexpected problems, hampered by the pros and cons of the community and the lack of formal and material evidence to follow up on reports of alleged violations. Third, in the dimension of the role as a resource allocator, the use of funding sources has not been optimal because the Revote resulted in the use of previous funds being inefficient. Finally, in terms of its role as a negotiator, Bawaslu has not been effective when participating in negotiations because it often takes a long time. The efforts that must be made are to strengthen communication and coordination between Bawaslu and the KPU, increase transparency and supervision during the election process, improve the system for collecting evidence of alleged violations and accelerate the negotiation process so that the decision-making process runs more efficiently. Based on the results of the study above, it can be concluded that the Role of the Election Supervisory Body in the Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Tasikmalaya Regency in 2024, overall, is still not running optimally.    

Technology-based financial innovation has led to the emergence of crowdfunding platforms, which are now expanding into the realm of Islamic finance. This study aims to examine how the principles of Islamic economics are integrated into Sharia-compliant crowdfunding practices, particularly in financing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and case studies of several prominent Sharia crowdfunding platforms in Indonesia. The findings show that Sharia crowdfunding not only adheres to Islamic principles such as the prohibition of riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty), but also applies concepts of justice, transparency, and partnership within contract structures. However, challenges related to Sharia financial literacy, regulation, and public trust remain significant obstacles. This study recommends enhancing Sharia financial literacy and strengthening regulations to support a sustainable Sharia crowdfunding ecosystem.

Microfinance institutions can enhance the standard of living in villages through principles of justice, partnership, and mutual assistance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic microfinance institution managers and beneficiaries in several rural areas. The findings indicate that Islamic microfinance has a positive impact on the economic well-being of rural communities, particularly by providing access to interest-free (riba-free) funding for small businesses, increasing household income, and strengthening the local economy. Furthermore, the presence of Islamic microfinance promotes more responsible economic behavior aligned with Islamic values. Financial education initiatives provided by the institutions also contribute to improving the financial literacy of villagers. In conclusion, Islamic microfinance serves as a vital tool in empowering rural communities through sustainable, fair, and Sharia-compliant economic development.

The development of digital technology has brought various innovations to the financial system, one of which is sharia crowdfunding. As a form of technology-based fundraising based on sharia principles, this mechanism aims to avoid elements of usury, gharar, and maysir which are prohibited in Islam. This article discusses the legal aspects and operational mechanisms of sharia crowdfunding from the perspective of Islamic law and regulations in Indonesia. By using a qualitative research method based on literature analysis, sharia crowdfunding has a strong legal basis through the fatwa of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) and the regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). In practice, sharia crowdfunding uses various contracts such as mudharabah, musyarakah, and wakalah bil ujrah to ensure fair and transparent transactions. Although it has promising prospects, challenges such as lack of sharia financial literacy, limited specific regulations, and digital security aspects are still major obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, collaboration between regulators, industry players, and the community is needed to encourage a more inclusive and sustainable sharia crowdfunding ecosystem.  

This study aims to describe and analyze the strategies implemented by the Environmental Agency (DLH) of Karimun Regency in managing waste and to evaluate the effectiveness of these implementations in the field. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Findings reveal that DLH Karimun has developed and executed key strategies, including the formulation of the Regional Waste Management Master Plan (RIPSD), optimization of Temporary Waste Disposal Sites (TPS) with 3R principles, active collaboration with waste banks and community groups, and community-based education and socialization efforts. However, operational challenges persist, particularly in waste transportation fleet distribution, handling of the Sememal Final Disposal Site (TPA), and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that remain suboptimal. Additional challenges include limited human resources and funding, low public awareness, and regulatory conflicts impacting strategic decision-making. Nevertheless, the strategies implemented have contributed to improvements in environmental cleanliness across several sub-districts and increased volumes of processed waste through recycling initiatives. Community involvement through schools, youth organizations, family welfare groups, mutual cooperation activities, and waste banks proved critical to success. The study recommends the adoption of digital-based waste management systems (smart waste management), capacity building for DLH personnel, community empowerment, and revision of local regulations to support sustainable waste management. This will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of DLH Karimun’s waste management strategies moving forward. The findings provide valuable insights for policy formulation and practical implementation in similar regional contexts.  

This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of ten SINTA-accredited journal articles (levels 1–3) published from 2019 to 2024, examining how a low-interest-rate policy environment affects corporate capital structure in Indonesia. We focus on internal determinants (profitability, firm size, asset composition) versus external factors (market interest rates) in shaping firms’ debt ratios. The meta-analysis results indicate that although low interest rates statistically encourage higher leverage (average coefficient +0.28), internal firm characteristics remain the dominant drivers of capital structure decisions. Approximately 80% of studies report that more profitable firms tend to reduce debt ratios, consistent with the pecking order theory. In the post-pandemic context, low rates initially facilitated cheap borrowing, but heightened economic uncertainty underscores the need for managers to align funding strategy with each firm’s risk profile. The study draws practical implications: financial managers should calibrate capital structure in line with profitability and market volatility, while regulators should monitor corporate debt growth to safeguard financial stability. The findings also suggest directions for future research on how evolving macroeconomic conditions influence corporate finance in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe and analyze the strategies implemented by the Environmental Agency (DLH) of Karimun Regency in managing waste and to evaluate the effectiveness of these implementations in the field. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Findings reveal that DLH Karimun has developed and executed key strategies, including the formulation of the Regional Waste Management Master Plan (RIPSD), optimization of Temporary Waste Disposal Sites (TPS) with 3R principles, active collaboration with waste banks and community groups, and community-based education and socialization efforts. However, operational challenges persist, particularly in waste transportation fleet distribution, handling of the Sememal Final Disposal Site (TPA), and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that remain suboptimal. Additional challenges include limited human resources and funding, low public awareness, and regulatory conflicts impacting strategic decision-making. Nevertheless, the strategies implemented have contributed to improvements in environmental cleanliness across several sub-districts and increased volumes of processed waste through recycling initiatives. Community involvement through schools, youth organizations, family welfare groups, mutual cooperation activities, and waste banks proved critical to success. The study recommends the adoption of digital-based waste management systems (smart waste management), capacity building for DLH personnel, community empowerment, and revision of local regulations to support sustainable waste management. This will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of DLH Karimun’s waste management strategies moving forward. The findings provide valuable insights for policy formulation and practical implementation in similar regional contexts.

This study aims to analyze the level of efficiency and effectiveness in managing tax revenues in Indonesia and its contribution to national economic development. Taxes are the primary source of state funding and play a crucial role in supporting development programs and welfare distribution. However, there remains a gap between tax potential and realization, indicating the need to evaluate the current tax administration system. This research adopts a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data from DJP, BPS, and the Ministry of Finance covering the 2019–2023 period. The findings show that tax collection effectiveness has been relatively high in the last two years, as indicated by revenue realization exceeding targets. Nevertheless, efficiency remains low due to suboptimal digital systems and limitations in human resource capacity. Effectiveness is also strongly influenced by information technology and the performance of tax officials. The study concludes that tax reform focused on digitalization and transparency must be strengthened to support sustainable economic development. These findings have important implications for future fiscal policies and suggest opportunities for further research using mixed-method approaches.