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The ability to use image applications with accuracy, fluency and good and correct understanding is a challenge for students in forming new knowledge. There are still many students who do not master the skills of taking pictures of their surroundings in the Arloopa Application. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the application of image media techniques to the skill of taking pictures of surrounding objects. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was carried out in three cycles, each consisting of two face-to-face learning cycles. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the research show that students in cycles I, II and III have average scores which indicate that the application of image media techniques can improve their ability to use image media applications. It was concluded that the application of effective image media can increase the ability to take pictures of surrounding objects so that they become spatial shapes. Image media can facilitate students in learning English Mathematics.

This study examines the impact of structured online collaborative learning (OCL) on foreign language skills in multinational higher education settings. As digital platforms become integral to global education systems, OCL has proven effective in enhancing language proficiency, especially in speaking, writing, and interaction. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study employed pre-test and post-test assessments to measure language improvements before and after engaging in OCL activities. The results demonstrated significant progress in all areas of language proficiency, particularly in speaking and interactional skills, owing to continuous peer interaction, structured feedback, and collaborative tasks mimicking real-world communication scenarios. The study emphasizes the importance of synchronous collaboration in fostering fluency and confidence, particularly through real-time communication and peer feedback. However, challenges such as technological disparities and cultural differences were observed, occasionally limiting full participation. Despite these obstacles, the findings suggest that OCL is an effective method for improving foreign language skills. The study advocates for the integration of collaborative online learning tools in language education curricula, particularly in diverse, multicultural environments. Future research should explore the long-term effects of OCL on language acquisition, address technological barriers, and investigate the effectiveness of various collaborative models in enhancing specific language skills.

This study aims to describe the improvement of speaking skills through the Student Facilitator And Explaining learning model for third grade students of SD Negeri 39 Pattongko Tellulimpoe District, Sinjai Regency. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of two cycles, each cycle is held three times a meeting. This research procedure includes planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The data sources of this research were 1 teacher and 21 students of class III of SD Negeri 39 Pattongko Tellulimpoe District, Sinjai Regency. The results showed that learning speaking skills through the Student Facilitator And Explaining learning model improved both in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The assessment was carried out by paying attention to six aspects of assessment including speech accuracy, grammatical accuracy, speech fluency, word selection, mastery of topics, and voice volume also increased. The overall average student score in cycle I was 70.3 while the score in cycle II was 87.76 with a percentage increase of 17.46% which met the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) of 70. All aspects of the assessment were classified as moderate in cycle I and increased to a very high category in cycle II.

This qualitative research aims to explore the role of Strategic Financial Fluency (SFF) as a catalyst for growth in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The study employs a multi-method approach integrating literature review, case studies, and expert interviews to construct a comprehensive understanding of SFF and its impact on MSMEs' growth trajectories. Sampling techniques involve purposive sampling of MSMEs representing diverse industries and geographical locations to ensure comprehensive data collection. Data analysis employs thematic analysis, focusing on identifying patterns and themes related to SFF adoption, utilization, and its influence on business growth. The findings reveal that MSMEs equipped with Strategic Financial Fluency demonstrate higher adaptability, resilience, and growth potential. Moreover, SFF facilitates informed decision-making, efficient resource allocation, and strategic planning, thus fostering sustainable growth in MSMEs. This research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the pivotal role of financial literacy and strategic financial management in enhancing the competitiveness and growth prospects of MSMEs in a dynamic business environment.

This study delves into the intricate interplay of social, religious, and academic facets within the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), specifically focusing on Semester 1 cadets enrolled in the international programme. The research centres on the competencies of 200 randomly selected cadets, examining their proficiency in computer literacy while scrutinizing the influence of social and religious perspectives on their pursuit of an international maritime education. This investigation aligns with the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) framework, emphasising the paramount importance of English communication skills for future global officers. Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), renowned for producing a substantial number of qualified seamen, deck officers, and engine officers, offers applied bachelor's degrees in Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management majors. Cadets, hailing from diverse regions across Indonesia, incorporate Bahasa Indonesia and their traditional languages into their daily lives. However, the demand for international and global proficiency necessitates fluency in English communication. The research methodology adopts a qualitative approach with a focus on descriptive analysis. By investigating the social and motivational empowerment aspects, the study aims to uncover the intricate dynamics that influence the cadets' journey. Attention is given to the prayers and expectations of parents, reflecting on the cadets' plans and aspirations to become exceptional seafarers. The qualitative lens employed in this study allows for a nuanced understanding of the cadets' experiences, exploring the multifaceted dimensions of their educational journey. This research not only contributes to the understanding of computer literacy among maritime cadets but also sheds light on the socio-religious context that shapes their educational pursuits. The findings are anticipated to inform educational policies, curriculum development, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of maritime cadets in an international setting.

This study delves into the intricate interplay of social, religious, and academic facets within the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), specifically focusing on Semester 1 cadets enrolled in the international programme. The research centres on the competencies of 200 randomly selected cadets, examining their proficiency in computer literacy while scrutinizing the influence of social and religious perspectives on their pursuit of an international maritime education. This investigation aligns with the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) framework, emphasising the paramount importance of English communication skills for future global officers. Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), renowned for producing a substantial number of qualified seamen, deck officers, and engine officers, offers applied bachelor's degrees in Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management majors. Cadets, hailing from diverse regions across Indonesia, incorporate Bahasa Indonesia and their traditional languages into their daily lives. However, the demand for international and global proficiency necessitates fluency in English communication. The research methodology adopts a qualitative approach with a focus on descriptive analysis. By investigating the social and motivational empowerment aspects, the study aims to uncover the intricate dynamics that influence the cadets' journey. Attention is given to the prayers and expectations of parents, reflecting on the cadets' plans and aspirations to become exceptional seafarers. The qualitative lens employed in this study allows for a nuanced understanding of the cadets' experiences, exploring the multifaceted dimensions of their educational journey. This research not only contributes to the understanding of computer literacy among maritime cadets but also sheds light on the socio-religious context that shapes their educational pursuits. The findings are anticipated to inform educational policies, curriculum development, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of maritime cadets in an international setting.

School-aged children have a habit of paying less attention to hand washing behavior, especially in the school environment. Although simple and effective, promoting hand washing for disease prevention is still a challenge. The habit of washing hands with soap is still a global concern because people still forget the habit of washing their hands. The focus of the activity is school-aged children who will become "Agents of Change" in the future. This activity was attended by students aged 7-12 years who attended Ai Limung State Elementary School and totaled 54 children. After following this counseling, it is hoped that students will always be able to maintain cleanliness, especially hand hygiene by diligently washing their hands with soap to prevent them from infectious diseases. The level of knowledge of the students after this counseling increased, this can be seen from their fluency in practicing how to wash their hands with soap and answering the questions given properly and correctly. It is hoped that this activity can increase knowledge and increase awareness of Ai Limung State Elementary School students about how important it is to wash your hands with soap to always maintain cleanliness to avoid germs

There is a difference in the fluency in reading the Qur'an for class VII students at MTsN 1 Payakumbuh between SDN graduates and SDIT graduates. From the initial observations made, the authors found a temporary difference that students who graduated from SD N were more fluent in reading than students who graduated from SDIT. The problem that the author examines is how significant the difference in fluency in reading the Qur'an SDIT graduate students with SDN graduate students in class VII MTsN 1 Payakumbuh. And the aim is to find out how significant the differences in Al-Qur'an reading fluency are between IT Elementary School Graduates and Public Elementary School Graduates. This research uses a type of field research (field research) using a quantitative approach using a comparative descriptive design. Comparative research is a type of research that aims to compare the presence of one or more variables in two or different samples or at different times. The sample that the researcher used was several grade VII students who graduated from SDN and SDIT. The data collection techniques that the researchers used were oral tests and documentation. From the results of the data analysis used to test the hypothesis using the Mann-Whitney Test because the data is not normally distributed and not homogeneous and the results of statistical tests show that the Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) value is .031 so it can be concluded that it is .031 < 0.05 and the hypothesis is accepted. If the hypothesis is accepted, it means that there is a significant difference in Al-Qur'an Reading Fluency between Elementary School Graduates and Elementary School IT Grade VII Students at MTsN 1 Payakumbuh City. Where students who graduated from SD N are more fluent in reading the Al-Qur'an than students who graduated from SD IT.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 240 Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta) regarding An Operational Approach to Maritime Cyber Resilience. Over three semesters, the research scrutinizes cadets' academic self-checked intelligence, perceived professional competences, motivations, and the interplay between language development and preparedness for global roles. The demographic diversity of the cadet sample, representing majors in Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management, ensures a comprehensive exploration of maritime education. The findings reveal a positive evolution in cadets' understanding of maritime cyber resilience, with a notable increase in academic self-checked intelligence. The curriculum's effectiveness in cultivating a nuanced comprehension of cyber threats is underscored by the enhanced professional competences perceived by cadets, indicating preparedness for the practical challenges in the maritime industry. Motivations and engagement exhibit a positive trajectory, from initial challenges to sustained interest, indicating the subject's growing relevance over time. The interconnected development of English language proficiency and subject mastery emphasizes the need for targeted language support within maritime education. The positive correlation between improved language fluency and a deeper understanding of maritime cyber resilience suggests the symbiotic relationship between linguistic and technical competence. The study's implications extend beyond STIP Jakarta, offering insights for refining maritime education globally. Recommendations encompass dynamic pedagogical approaches, continual curriculum evaluation, industry collaboration, and language enhancement initiatives. By embracing these recommendations, maritime education programmes can foster a resilient cadre of professionals adept at navigating the complexities of the modern maritime industry.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 240 Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta) regarding An Operational Approach to Maritime Cyber Resilience. Over three semesters, the research scrutinizes cadets' academic self-checked intelligence, perceived professional competences, motivations, and the interplay between language development and preparedness for global roles. The demographic diversity of the cadet sample, representing majors in Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management, ensures a comprehensive exploration of maritime education. The findings reveal a positive evolution in cadets' understanding of maritime cyber resilience, with a notable increase in academic self-checked intelligence. The curriculum's effectiveness in cultivating a nuanced comprehension of cyber threats is underscored by the enhanced professional competences perceived by cadets, indicating preparedness for the practical challenges in the maritime industry. Motivations and engagement exhibit a positive trajectory, from initial challenges to sustained interest, indicating the subject's growing relevance over time. The interconnected development of English language proficiency and subject mastery emphasizes the need for targeted language support within maritime education. The positive correlation between improved language fluency and a deeper understanding of maritime cyber resilience suggests the symbiotic relationship between linguistic and technical competence. The study's implications extend beyond STIP Jakarta, offering insights for refining maritime education globally. Recommendations encompass dynamic pedagogical approaches, continual curriculum evaluation, industry collaboration, and language enhancement initiatives. By embracing these recommendations, maritime education programmes can foster a resilient cadre of professionals adept at navigating the complexities of the modern maritime industry.

This research analyzes students’ pronunciation errors in English diphthongs in MA NW Teko. The objective was to identify commonly mispronounced errors. The research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects were twelfth grade students at MA NW Teko. Fifteen students were chosen as representatives for analysis. Data was collected from oral tests, interviews, and observations. The data source was a short story called "Sangkuriang". Based on the oral test, students fluently read the story with 14 students in paragraph 1 and 11 students in paragraph 2. In paragraphs 3 and 4, the students read the story with less fluency, with 9 and 12 students respectively. During the interview, students mentioned difficulty in identifying diphthong words due to insufficient vocabulary mastery. In paragraph 1, 8 words were pronounced incorrectly, 13 words in paragraph 2, 10 words in paragraph 3, and 12 words in paragraph 4. However, observation revealed that out of the 5 types of diphthongs given, 14 out of 15 students struggled with pronouncing the diphthong "oʊ", with only 1 student pronouncing it correctly. Therefore, the research results indicate that the errors faced by the students were not significantly different from those who could pronounce correctly.

This study aimed to find out the causes on EFL Students' grammatical errors in speaking skills for students of English Language Department of Hamzanwadi University. This research employed descriptive qualitative research design. The participants of this study were 27 students from the second semester. The data were collected by three research instruments which were observation, interview, and documentation. The observation results showed that students often used their mother tongue for class interactions, rarely applying English during the learning. Moreover, the results of the interview showed that students faced challenges in applying grammar to speaking skills due to a lack of vocabulary, comprehension, writing-focused approach, and lack of practice. In conclusion, it is important to learn and practice grammar in speaking skill because fluency in grammar and language rules is crucial for students to become qualified teachers and avoid mistakes. Learning and practicing grammar in speaking skill is also essential for long-term capability.

    This study aims to describe students' ability to solve open-ended problems based on aspects of fluency, flexibility, and novelty. This type of research is qualitative. The subject taking technique in this study was purposive. The instruments that the researchers used were open-ended tests and interview guides. The research subjects were 3 students of SMP Negeri 2 Puring class VIII for the 2021/2022 academic year who had high abilities. The data collection technique used is in the form of test sheets in the form of circle questions, field notes, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the analytical technique from Miles & Huberman which includes three activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that students with high abilities have a level of creative thinking 3 (creative). Students with high abilities in solving circle problems can fulfill two of the three indicators that the researcher used. The indicators are fluency and flexibility. Fluency indicators are shown by students being able to answer questions fluently and correctly. The indicator of flexibility (flexibility) is shown by students being able to answer questions with more than one way of solving.

This article explores the importance of phonetic symbols in English language learning. In the context of English language acquisition, phonetic symbols serve as tools to depict language sounds in a clear and consistent manner. The main objective of this article is to delve into why phonetic symbols play a significant role in improving English pronunciation and comprehension skills. By analyzing the benefits and practical applications of phonetic symbols, this article aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for language learners and educators seeking to enhance their proficiency in English. This article delves into the significance of phonetic symbols in the process of learning the English language. Phonetic symbols serve as a visual representation of speech sounds, aiding learners in accurately producing and distinguishing sounds that may be unfamiliar or challenging. The article explores the benefits of incorporating phonetic symbols in English language instruction, such as improving pronunciation accuracy, enhancing listening skills, and promoting effective communication. Additionally, it highlights the role of phonetic symbols in developing learners' phonological awareness and their ability to decode and comprehend spoken English. By understanding the importance of phonetic symbols, educators can employ effective strategies to support learners in acquiring accurate pronunciation and fluency in English.

This study aims to find out how the leadership attributes are applied in SMP ST. Lucia Siborongborong. The method used is descriptive qualitative through literature studies and also direct interviews to ST Middle School. Lucia Siborongborong. The conclusion is that leadership attributes are very important for a leader to have, such as capacity, achievement, responsibility, participation, and status. Capacity here includes intelligence, alertness or accuracy, verbal fluency, the ability to judge and make decisions and originality. Achievement attributes include knowledge, academic achievement, achievement in sports. A leader must also have a sense of responsibility in the form of independence, full of initiative, diligent, aggressive, and confident. Participation attributes such as being able to socialize, being able to work together, and being able to adapt. Then status is socioeconomic status. Even though they don’t always have a higher socio-economic leader status than those who are led. The above attributes differ according to the type of organization

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam mengerjakan soal pecahan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Subjek yang diambil 3 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar tes berupa soal pecahan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis dari Miles & Huberman yang meliputi tiga aktivitas yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam mengerjakan soal pecahan telah mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan serta mampu menjawab dengan benar. Subjek S1 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 3 (Kreatif) karena mampu mencapai indikator kelancaran (fluency) dan indikator fleksibilitas (flexibility). Untuk Subjek S2 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 1 (Kurang Kreatif) karena hanya mampu mencapai indikator kefasihan (fluency). Sedangkan Subjek S3 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 3 (Kreatif) karena mampu mencapai indikator kelancaran (fluency) dan indikator fleksibilitas (flexibility).