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Early literacy materials can give a person softness of heart, critical thinking skills and creative understanding. The purpose of this study was to understand the ways in which teachers teach group B children aged 5-6 years about the concept of reading and to identify factors that may hinder the successful implementation of these strategies. This study utilized a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The research noted that teachers apply a variety of strategies in introducing core reading concepts including; whiteboard media as an opener, coloring as a habituation in recognizing letters, letter guessing games with smart wall media, storytelling, stage books. The implementation of these strategies has been quite optimally done at Ra Al-Kamal because the teachers are very enthusiastic and fast so that the learning process is carried out conducively. 

This study aims to analyze the interpretation of hadiths concerning women’s roles in the public sphere through a hermeneutical approach, reaffirming an inclusive and contextual Islamic perspective on gender. The research arises from the dominance of literal and patriarchal readings of hadiths that tend to limit women’s participation in social and educational domains. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study examines relevant hadith texts and explores the views of contemporary Muslim hermeneutical thinkers such as Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Fazlur Rahman, and Amina Wadud. The findings reveal that hermeneutics provides a methodological framework capable of fostering gender-just interpretations by emphasizing the historical, social, and moral dimensions of the hadith text. The reinterpretation demonstrates that many hadiths previously understood restrictively are, in fact, contextual rather than universally normative. The study’s implications encourage a new paradigm in Islamic scholarship that is more reflective, critical, and socially responsive. The novelty of this research lies in integrating hermeneutical analysis with thematic hadith studies on women’s participation in the public domain, an area rarely explored in depth. This research thus contributes significantly to developing a more humanistic and egalitarian Islamic epistemology.

This study analyzes the quality of content and ineffectiveness of sentences in opinion texts on the December 2023 edition of the "Taulebih" website as educational literacy for sexuality education and reproductive health based on religious values. This research uses two approaches, namely the methodological approach and the theoretical approach. The methodological approach uses a qualitative descriptive approach, while the theoretical approach uses a syntactic approach to analyze the quality of content and analyze effective sentences. Data collection techniques in this study used intensive reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the agih method. The presentation of data in the study was carried out by informal methods. Analysis of content quality and effective calibration on the opinion text on the December 2023 edition of the "Taulebih" website as educational literacy for sexuality education and reproductive health based on religious values also uses the presentation of data in tables to facilitate and clarify data analysis. The results of the content quality analysis are supported by strong and interconnected opinions and reasons from the opinion article. Meanwhile, the ineffectiveness of sentences in the opinion text "Taulebih" includes incompatibility of the characteristics of effective sentences, ambiguous sentences, waste of words or pleonasm, and spelling errors. This research adds new knowledge insight and critical sense in terms of analyzing the quality of content and effective sentences in an opinion text. It is hoped that this research can also be useful for readers in writing the right opinion text according to linguistic rules to produce good-quality sentences that are arranged effectively.

Understanding literacy and linguistics in Indonesia, especially through novel reading, plays an important role in honing students' cognitive skills, such as critical and creative thinking. Syntax as part of linguistic studies, helps students understand language structures that support effective communication and deeper literary appreciation. This study aims to understand the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian focusing on the types of active and passive sentences and the role of sentence elements in shaping meaning. This study uses methodological and theoretical approaches with qualitative and syntactic descriptive methods to analyze the pattern of sentence function in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori. The research process involves data collection, classification, analysis, and presentation of data with listen, record, and bill techniques. The results showed that the sentence function pattern in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori uses different sentence patterns in each active and passive voice. Transitive and bitransitive active sentences have additional objects and complements, while intransitive sentences do not, and only sentences with objects can be changed to passive by undergoing changes in their predicates. This research has the benefit of providing a deeper understanding of the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian.  

This study aims to identify and explain errors in the structure, function, and role of language in news texts on digital platforms. This research is useful to know how to classify sentences and improve sentence structuring, and then the results of the research can be used in Indonesian language learning in grade IX junior high school. The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The method analyzes language errors, such as analyzing keywords, grammatical error analysis, and semantic error analysis. The data used in the analysis uses descriptive methods so that it can be done in this study describes the data in the form of several sentences in the Kompas digital news text that contains words that are less understandable to junior high school students in grade IX, it can affect students in critical reading analyzing these errors, this article also provides improvements. These errors need to be overcome so that in the future the same language errors will not be repeated. Efforts that can be made to overcome Indonesian language errors at the level of spelling are to improve mastery of Indonesian language rules.

Language is an efficient way to express ideas, emotions, and feelings to communicate a concept through verbal and non-verbal means. Comprehensive learning of language skills is intended to promote emotional, social, and intellectual development, and is useful for filtering important information. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of language errors from the module used, namely in the Indonesian teaching module by Foy Ario, M.Pd, as the feasibility of teaching materials for critical reading for class XII students, so that it can be used as a revision in the future to obtain a quality module, both in terms of the information conveyed and the language used. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach as well as a syntactic theoretical approach and analyzes data through data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results obtained show that the writing of editorial text contained in the Indonesian language teaching module Class XII SMA by Foy Ario is found to use diction that is not by the rules. This is based on standardized word errors, conjunction errors, punctuation errors, word beheading errors, and errors in the accuracy of word usage and effective sentences. The research can be useful as a reference for understanding language identification in scientific papers.

The problem background of this article discusses progress in human life and other organisms, from the beginning of life to changes in the life cycle. The term cognition Refers to mental processes in the human mind, important for understanding the world and interactions with the environment. Jean Piaget highlighted how children build understanding through stages of cognitive development. The Independent Curriculum and Christian religious education provide a relevant context for discussing education and holistic individual development. The method used in this article is library research, namely collecting data from various literature related to research. The stages of literature study include preparing equipment, making a bibliography, managing time, and reading and recording research materials. Data was collected through searching for sources from various media such as books, journals and previous research, with critical and in-depth explanations to support arguments and ideas. The result of this article is that cognitive development is influenced by different stages. Children think differently at each stage, for example from sensorimotor to formal operational. The Freedom to Learn curriculum can integrate Piaget's theory in Christian religious education with a focus on direct experience, critical questions, constructive activities, and stages of cognitive development. This helps students understand and process information better.

A news text is a text that conveys news or information to the public about a factual and actual event. In the writing of news text should pay attention to the effectiveness of sentences so that the information conveyed can be accepted by readers and listeners. So, this research focuses more on analyzing the effectiveness of sentences contained in news text excerpts. The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of sentences in news texts for critical reading of grade IX junior high school students. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive method while the research data collection uses literature study techniques, namely listening and noting. The results of this study prove that sentence analysis shows the existence of effective sentences and ineffective sentences. Sentences are classified as effective if they meet several requirements, namely structural equivalence, word economy, accuracy of reasoning and logicality of language. Meanwhile, ineffective sentences are caused by the structure of the sentence not being unified, not parallel, and very wasteful or wordy. The practical benefit obtained is the ease of determining the effectiveness of sentences in news texts. The data taken in this research is in the form of effective sentences contained in CNN news articles about the February edition of the election for critical reading of grade IX junior high school students.

This study investigates the effect of the Team Word-Webbing technique on reading comprehension among tenth-grade students at MAN Koto Baru, Dharmasraya. Reading comprehension is critical for language acquisition and academic success, as it encompasses the ability to extract and interpret meaning from text. Despite its importance, many students struggle with reading comprehension due to various factors including limited vocabulary and insufficient engagement. To address these issues, the study employed a quantitative experimental design, using a quasi-experimental approach with an experimental group and a control group. The research involved a pre-test and post-test assessment to measure reading comprehension levels before and after the implementation of the Team Word-Webbing technique. The experimental group was taught using this technique, which involves organizing ideas visually to enhance understanding, while the control group received traditional instruction. The sample consisted of two classes selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using t-tests to compare outcomes. Results indicated that the Team Word-Webbing technique significantly improved reading comprehension compared to conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated higher post-test scores, with statistical analysis revealing a significant difference (p < 0.05). This suggests that Team Word-Webbing enhances students' ability to understand and retain reading material by facilitating better organization of ideas and active engagement. In conclusion, the study supports the effectiveness of Team Word-Webbing as an instructional strategy to improve reading comprehension. This technique not only aids in comprehension but also promotes active learning and student interaction, making it a valuable tool for educators aiming to enhance reading skills in the classroom.

The poetic question is a subject that is expanding in critical studies to the extent, which is formed a private critical space. The poetic question was able to excrete during the reading a remarkable aesthetic and rhetorical aesthetic. It doubled the interest of critics and creators together and created dialogues between text and its recipients. Here in this research, the Dialogic means is not in the concept of the Bakhtni that depends on the intersexuality, but in its communicative concept for searching to the effectiveness of the poet in creating interactive dialogue between him and the implicit reader within the text and his default reader out of the text. This question dialogic creates a poetics distinctive and takes the technical reasons for dialogue from the technical side and even qualitative, and the question with elegance’s poetic. With this vision’s reading we have tried to analyze two patterns from poems of poet Amal AL-Qasim called (Cuffed eloquence) and (Sura water) which are standing on the poetic question to search inside both of the patterns on Aesthetic toward poetic and his ability to deepen the significance of the text and find out the poetic’s idealism and poetics.

The poetic question is a subject that is expanding in critical studies to the extent, which is formed a private critical space. The poetic question was able to excrete during the reading a remarkable aesthetic and rhetorical aesthetic. It doubled the interest of critics and creators together and created dialogues between text and its recipients. Here in this research, the Dialogic means is not in the concept of the Bakhtni that depends on the intersexuality, but in its communicative concept for searching to the effectiveness of the poet in creating interactive dialogue between him and the implicit reader within the text and his default reader out of the text. This question dialogic creates a poetics distinctive and takes the technical reasons for dialogue from the technical side and even qualitative, and the question with elegance’s poetic. With this vision’s reading we have tried to analyze two patterns from poems of poet Amal AL-Qasim called (Cuffed eloquence) and (Sura water) which are standing on the poetic question to search inside both of the patterns on Aesthetic toward poetic and his ability to deepen the significance of the text and find out the poetic’s idealism and poetics.

Reading is Reading comprehension ability is very important to improve learning achievement, because it increases vocabulary, fluency and language proficiency in various subjects, thereby influencing all material and teaching in each subject. This research investigates the application of the PORPE strategy in comprehending descriptive reading texts and its impact on student comprehension using a mixed methods research approach. The data was collected using observation, pre-test and post-test. It can be seen in this research, that the PORPE strategy, which consists of the stages of predicting, organizing, training, practicing and evaluating, can significantly improve students' understanding and analysis of descriptive texts, develop critical thinking and reading skills, and encourage active participation. In this research found, that there was a significant increase in students' average scores after implementing the PORPE strategy, from 57.37 to 80.37, which showed a statistically significant difference in scores before and after treatment. The PORPE strategy improved students' reading comprehension and critical thinking skills by facilitating interactive learning, increasing understanding of descriptive texts and fostering students' positive contributions.

The aim of this research is to understand the form of anxiety of the character Kodar Santika in the novel Canthing by Narko Sodrun Budiman. Anxiety is a form of conflict that occurs within oneself. The inner conflict that causes anxiety in Kodar's character comes from an imbalance in the personality structure of the id, ego and superego. Anxiety was Freud's focus. The theory used in this research is Sigmud Freud's theory which focuses on Kodar's anxiety. Anxiety is a feeling of insecurity that develops when someone is faced with a danger that threatens their life because this feeling of insecurity causes anxiety. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research are library study techniques, critical reading techniques, and note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze data is descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that the main character's anxiety is neurotical anxiety, including fear and confusion. Anxiety is a realistic fear of objects and situations. And the ultimate moralistic fear includes regret and feelings of guilt. The anxiety experienced by Kodar's character is influenced by the economy, temptation towards women, and lack of support from the family. The anxiety felt by Kodar's character can be ended by using ego defense mechanisms in the form of denial, distraction, sublimation, rationalization.

The aim of this research is to understand the form of anxiety of the character Kodar Santika in the novel Canthing by Narko Sodrun Budiman. Anxiety is a form of conflict that occurs within oneself. The inner conflict that causes anxiety in Kodar's character comes from an imbalance in the personality structure of the id, ego and superego. Anxiety was Freud's focus. The theory used in this research is Sigmud Freud's theory which focuses on Kodar's anxiety. Anxiety is a feeling of insecurity that develops when someone is faced with a danger that threatens their life because this feeling of insecurity causes anxiety. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research are library study techniques, critical reading techniques, and note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze data is descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that the main character's anxiety is neurotical anxiety, including fear and confusion. Anxiety is a realistic fear of objects and situations. And the ultimate moralistic fear includes regret and feelings of guilt. The anxiety experienced by Kodar's character is influenced by the economy, temptation towards women, and lack of support from the family. The anxiety felt by Kodar's character can be ended by using ego defense mechanisms in the form of denial, distraction, sublimation, rationalization.

This study have a purpose analyze the implementation of project-based learning in increased resilience elementary school students' reading skills, particularly in Indonesian language learning for third-grade students. The method used is a literature review, which collects and examines various relevant studies and sources. The results of the review show that project-based learning can provide more interactive and contextual learning experiences for students, leading to increased motivation and interest in reading. Additionally, this method promotes the development of critical thinking skills, creativity, and collaboration among students. By integrating projects into the learning process, students become more actively engaged and have the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real-world situations. Overall, the implementation of project-based learning has proven effective in enhancing third-grade students' reading skills in Indonesian language learning. This study offers practical implications for educators in designing and implementing innovative and effective teaching strategies, and underscores the importance of more active and participatory learning approaches in elementary education.

In today's fast-paced, information-driven world, productivity is paramount for personal and professional success. Effective reading, a crucial cognitive process, significantly impacts knowledge acquisition, critical thinking, and innovation. This research offers an extensive examination of optimizing reading spaces to boost productivity. The study investigates the intricate relationship between reading environments and cognitive performance, considering factors like lighting, ergonomics, acoustics, spatial layout, and technology integration. These elements profoundly influence reader engagement, information retention, and cognitive load. Moreover, the study delves into environmental psychology's role in shaping concentration, creativity, and comfort within reading spaces. It analyzes the psychological effects of design elements like color, nature, and organization on cognitive processes. Understanding these responses empowers designers and individuals to tailor spaces for better focus and well-being. The integration of technology within reading spaces is explored, assessing digital platforms, interactive displays, and personalized content curation's benefits for efficient information consumption. It addresses challenges in balancing printed materials and digital resources. Additionally, the study considers personalized reading spaces' impact on diverse demographic groups, accounting for age, cognitive abilities, and preferences in design and customization. It emphasizes adaptable spaces catering to various needs and learning styles. This research offers a comprehensive view of reading spaces and productivity enhancement. By examining design elements, psychological factors, and technological integration, it provides insights for creating spaces that empower individuals to engage effectively with information, think critically, and achieve higher productivity in academic and professional endeavors.

This article tries to analyze the class or social conflict reflected through one of the short story titles, especially the one entitled Aku Ingin Pulang from the short story collection Lukisan Untuk Papa by Nanan Ginanjar. Through descriptive qualitative analysis by critically reading literary works which will then be identified. The depiction contained in the literary work is not only a narrative plot, but also a reflection of the social, cultural and political conditions prevailing in Indonesian society through a series of words that the author tries to describe through his writing. There are sixteen short story titles contained in this short story collection book which of course contains various types of social life including conflicts that generally occur in the surrounding community such as conflicts between families, economic conflicts, and cross-generational conflicts. However, this discussion only focuses on the short story entitled “Aku Ingin Pulang”. The results of the study: (1) Ari as the main character who misses his life in the village. (2) Ari's father's efforts to improve the family's economy by betting his fate in the capital have reached a deadlock. (3) The existence of several lower middle class families living under the flyover is a real picture that occurs around the village.  

Literacy is an individual's ability to understand, use and analyze information through various forms of language. Literacy includes understanding reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as the ability to process information critically and creatively. Through training in making media, comics and sketchbooks. Training activities are carried out in three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. Where training activities were carried out twice at the Sidomulyo Kulon Progo Literacy House. This training activity supports increasing children's interest in literacy at the Literacy House. Apart from that, the activities and making of wall media, comics and scratchbook can increase children's creativity.

Language serves as a medium for interpersonal communication. The acquisition of language in children commences during infancy and progresses through exposure and linguistic maturation. The enhancement of linguistic abilities in early childhood is geared towards acquainting and enhancing their linguistic repertoire, enabling effective verbal interaction with their surroundings. The realm of language proficiency encompasses four key components: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. A method employed to foster linguistic proficiency involves the utilization of flashcards. The approach employed in this study involves a review of existing literature. The findings revealed that the utilization of flashcard materials has the potential to enhance linguistic abilities among young children by incorporating visual elements such as images, alphabets, symbols, and colors. This, in turn, captures the attention of children, facilitates easier retention of new words, enables recognition of letter shapes and sounds, enhances listening skills, promotes critical thinking, and encourages verbal expression, as evidenced by their communication proficiency.

Language serves as a medium for interpersonal communication. The acquisition of language in children commences during infancy and progresses through exposure and linguistic maturation. The enhancement of linguistic abilities in early childhood is geared towards acquainting and enhancing their linguistic repertoire, enabling effective verbal interaction with their surroundings. The realm of language proficiency encompasses four key components: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. A method employed to foster linguistic proficiency involves the utilization of flashcards. The approach employed in this study involves a review of existing literature. The findings revealed that the utilization of flashcard materials has the potential to enhance linguistic abilities among young children by incorporating visual elements such as images, alphabets, symbols, and colors. This, in turn, captures the attention of children, facilitates easier retention of new words, enables recognition of letter shapes and sounds, enhances listening skills, promotes critical thinking, and encourages verbal expression, as evidenced by their communication proficiency.