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This research examines the concepts of identity and tolerance within the context of multiculturalism, focusing on the ideas of Bhikhu Parekh. The background of this study stems from the increasing complexity of social interactions in multicultural societies, where individual and group identities continue to evolve. The objective of this research is to analyze how identity is formed in multicultural societies and the role of tolerance in addressing potential conflicts. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach through literature analysis, reviewing Parekh's works and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that identity is not a static entity but rather a result of dynamic social interactions. Furthermore, tolerance is viewed as a crucial solution in alleviating tensions between groups. The implications of this research emphasize the need for inclusive public policies that promote intercultural dialogue and protect individual rights without neglecting community values. Consequently, this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of identity and tolerance in creating harmonious societies.

This study aims to analyze the effect of integrating the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) approach in science education on students' creativity and problem-solving abilities at SMPN 1 Cigombong. The STEM approach was implemented to provide an integrated learning experience, allowing students to connect science concepts with technology, engineering, and mathematics. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with observation, tests, and interviews as instruments for data collection. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM approach improved students' creativity and problem-solving skills, as well as facilitated students in applying science concepts in daily life. Furthermore, students also demonstrated an increase in collaboration and communication skills. These findings contribute to the development of more relevant learning methods that meet the demands of 21st-century education in secondary schools.

The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in campus facility management can enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness by monitoring the availability of rooms and equipment in real-time. This study aims to explore the basic concepts and implementation of IoT in managing campus facilities through document analysis. The results show that IoT can assist in managing classrooms and equipment, allowing campus managers to optimize facility usage, reduce wastage, and improve service quality. IoT implementation also facilitates the maintenance and replacement of faulty equipment by utilizing data generated from sensors. However, the main challenges in IoT implementation are related to technological infrastructure and data security, which require special attention to ensure the system operates effectively and securely. Overall, this study concludes that IoT technology provides a solution to improve campus facility management efficiency and supports the creation of a more modern and responsive educational environment.

This study aims to explore the challenges of mathematics learning in grade IX at SMP N 45 Kota Bekasi. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews with teachers and students, as well as direct classroom observations. The findings show that the main challenges in mathematics learning include low student motivation, ineffective use of educational technology, and limited learning facilities. In addition, teaching methods that still rely on conventional approaches hinder students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This study recommends the use of more interactive teaching approaches and the utilization of technology to improve the quality of mathematics education at the school.

The application of digital marketing in the business world requires diverse skills, one of which is the ability to process visual content, such as photography, to make published products more appealing. This need arises because, in the current era of digital technological advancement, people tend to engage in buying and selling activities through online platforms. Consumers are more likely to be attracted to a product if its visual content is presented in a creative and engaging manner. This mentoring program aims to enhance participant’s skills in transforming products into visual content with creative and unique value. The program employs direct mentoring and hands-on practice, following the delivery of foundational photography theory to the trainees. Participants are divided into six groups, each assigned different tasks and photo concepts. This approach encourages teamwork among students in the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting program. In photography, producing a compelling work requires thorough preparation and a well-thought-out concept to ensure a smooth process and satisfactory results. The outcome of this program demonstrates that students have comprehended the materials provided by the mentors. This is evidenced by active interactions among participants discussing concepts, composition, proper photography techniques, lighting application, shooting angles, and other related aspects.

Indonesian language plays a crucial role in daily life and education, particularly at the higher education level. As the medium of instruction, proficiency in Indonesian significantly impacts students' academic achievement, including those in Accounting programs. This study aims to analyze the influence of Indonesian language proficiency on the understanding of course materials and the academic achievement of Accounting students at the State University of Medan. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research involved 36 student respondents currently taking Indonesian language courses. The findings indicate that strong Indonesian language skills are essential in helping students comprehend accounting concepts, read textbooks, and complete assignments and exams. The majority of respondents agreed that good Indonesian language skills support their academic success, especially in explaining exam answers and writing reports. Conversely, limited Indonesian language proficiency hinders students' ability to grasp complex accounting concepts. This study concludes that strong Indonesian language proficiency contributes significantly to improving students' academic achievement in accounting and provides recommendations for developing Indonesian language instruction that is more integrated with technical courses in the Accounting department.

This research aims to analyze the use of ethnomathematics-based learning media in improving students' understanding in elementary schools. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research identifies, evaluates and synthesizes relevant research results on related topics. The literature selection process was carried out systematically through searches in various accredited scientific journal databases, using certain keywords related to ethnomathematics, learning media, and basic education. The research results show that ethnomathematics-based learning media is effective in increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts through a contextual approach that utilizes local culture as a learning aid. This approach not only increases mathematical understanding, but also strengthens the link between mathematics learning and local wisdom. This research also reveals the importance of innovative learning media that suit regional cultural characteristics and student needs.

Early literacy materials can give a person softness of heart, critical thinking skills and creative understanding. The purpose of this study was to understand the ways in which teachers teach group B children aged 5-6 years about the concept of reading and to identify factors that may hinder the successful implementation of these strategies. This study utilized a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The research noted that teachers apply a variety of strategies in introducing core reading concepts including; whiteboard media as an opener, coloring as a habituation in recognizing letters, letter guessing games with smart wall media, storytelling, stage books. The implementation of these strategies has been quite optimally done at Ra Al-Kamal because the teachers are very enthusiastic and fast so that the learning process is carried out conducively. 

The involvement of a third party in a debt agreement as the owner of the collateral object is a legal act that often occurs in society. Not a few third parties feel disadvantaged due to the debt agreement between the debtor and the creditor because there are still no regulations that clearly regulate their legal protection, one of the cases is Decision Number 808 / Pdt.G / 2021 / PA CN This study aims to examine problems related to legal protection for third parties as owners of collateral according to applicable laws and regulations. This research method uses a normative legal approach by approaching the laws in force in Indonesia, then a normative analysis is carried out using data sources in the form of laws and regulations, court decisions, opinions of legal experts, along with existing legal concepts. This study will later focus on legal protection for third parties as collateral owners based on applicable regulations and legal settlements if third parties feel disadvantaged by the collateral object they own. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no prohibition on the involvement of third parties as guarantors of land rights in the debt agreement process, however, legal regulations regarding the role of third parties are only explained implicitly in Law No. 4/1996, resulting in third parties being vulnerable to being harmed. As a form of legal protection for third parties, it can be done through a preventive process by issuing APHT and SKMHT by authorized officials, in addition, if the third party's rights have been harmed, it can be taken through litigation and non-litigation.

The implementation of this learning aims to be able to implement the Blended Learning learning model through interactive learning multimedia in improving the understanding of the concept of Harmony in Ecosystem material for fifth grade students of UPTD SD Negeri Bluru. The purpose of blended learning is to increase flexibility, optimize time and increase interaction. To obtain accurate results, the implementation procedure is carried out using an experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The implementation of learning is carried out by integrating two types of online and face-to-face learning based on interactive learning multimedia which is expected to create a more meaningful learning experience and improve students' understanding of ecosystem concepts. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' understanding of concepts after participating in blended-learning learning. In addition, students also showed a higher interest in learning and were more active in participating in learning activities. Blended learning will continue to be improved and updated so that it can be used in other subjects with relevant material. In this case, there needs to be reflection, evaluation and follow-up systematically and comprehensively.

Learning media are tools that assist in teaching and learning activities, helping teachers represent concepts that cannot be conveyed through words or sentences alone. Through a playful approach, this article proposes visual-based learning media in the form of a traditional game (cublak-cublak suweng) in an engaging and enjoyable manner for students. The article discusses the benefits of the traditional game (cublak-cublak suweng) as a learning resource. By combining conventional learning with elements of play, this method is expected to increase students' interest in learning media and deepen their understanding of fundamental scientific concepts. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The methodology aims to gain a deeper understanding of visual-based learning media in the form of the traditional game (cublak-cublak suweng). In this study, the researcher used several data collection techniques, including observation, interviews, and documentation.

This study examines the integration of Islam and science through the thoughts of key figures, namely Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Al-Ghazali, and Ibnu Khaldun. The main focus of this research is to understand their approaches to the relationship between religion and knowledge, highlighting key concepts such as iman (faith), Islam, and ihsan (excellence). This approach is explained based on primary sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and qoul ulama, which provide the philosophical and theological foundation for understanding the integration of both. Using a qualitative approach, this research aims to explore how these perspectives shape a balanced view between the scientific and spiritual realms within the context of Islamic thought. The results of the study show that although each figure has a different viewpoint, they agree that science does not conflict with Islamic teachings; rather, it should be understood as a means of drawing closer to God. This research is expected to contribute to the development of dialogue between religion and science, as well as provide insights into the development of Islamic education in the modern era.

This study aims to develop and implement Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PJBL) learning models in mathematics learning at SD Negeri No. 18 Bababulo, Majene Regency. The main objective of implementing these two models is to increase student involvement, as well as critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills in solving mathematical problems. The implementation procedure began with an introduction to the theme of the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Students were divided into six groups to discuss problems, develop project plans, and conduct observations. The results showed that students were actively involved, with significant increases in motivation and critical thinking skills. Enthusiasm was seen during discussions and presentations, although there were challenges related to self-confidence during presentations, which were overcome through practice from the teacher. The conclusion of this study states that the implementation of PBL and PJBL is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts and social skills. Suggested follow-ups include consistent implementation of both models and periodic evaluation to improve the quality of learning.

This study aims to examine teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT at SMK Negeri 1 Bangli. This study wants to determine the effectiveness of ChatGPT in helping students understand lesson concepts, ease of access to information, and its impact on student motivation and engagement in learning. In addition, this study also wants to explore teachers' concerns related to the use of ChatGPT, such as the potential for students' dependence on technology and the occurrence of delays in students in various aspects. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a data collection method through interviews with 9 teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Bangli. The results show that the majority of teachers are aware of the potential of ChatGPT in increasing students' motivation to learn, but are also worried about students' dependence on this technology. The study concluded that ChatGPT has the potential to improve the quality of education, but it needs to be used responsibly to avoid the negative impact it can have. Teachers need to understand the potential and drawbacks of ChatGPT to teach students how to use it responsibly. Schools need to create clear policies about the use of ChatGPT in learning. ChatGPT developers need to continue to improve the accuracy and relevance of the information generated by ChatGPT.

This research aims to explore the implementation of Market-Day as a learning medium to improve basic economic understanding for sixth grade elementary school students. Through this activity, students gain practical experience regarding economic concepts such as demand, supply, transactions and financial management. This approach also encourages the development of social skills, creativity and an entrepreneurial spirit, which are relevant to the needs of the era of globalization. Market-Day provides real simulations that integrate economic theory into daily practice, thereby helping students better understand and apply economic values in their lives. This research uses a literature study approach by referring to relevant scientific sources, such as books, journals and research reports. The study results show that Market-Day is not only effective in increasing understanding of economic theory, but also strengthens students' managerial skills and financial awareness. With this experience-based learning, students are taught to be more responsible and innovative, so they are better prepared to face economic challenges in the future. This article concludes that Market-Day is a strategic approach that can be applied in elementary schools to combine economic learning with the development of students' life skills, especially in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum which is oriented towards holistic learning.

Islamic criminal law significantly contributes to shaping a civilized citizenry through the enforcement of principles of justice, responsibility, and respect for human rights. This article aims to analyze how Islamic criminal law, with a maqasid al-shariah approach, provides a moral and ethical foundation for developing individual character as part of a civic community. The study identifies the core elements of Islamic criminal law, such as the concepts of hudud, qisas, and ta'zir, and examines their implementation in the context of a modern pluralistic state. Using a normative-juridical method and a comparative approach, this article explores the harmonization of Islamic criminal law with the positive legal system in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law not only seeks to uphold legal justice but also aims to build a society rooted in ethical and civilized values. Integrating these values into national legal policies has the potential to strengthen a civic identity that is religious, just, and civilized, while respecting societal diversity. This article recommends enhancing Islamic legal education as a strategic effort to create synergy between Islamic criminal law and the development of exemplary citizens.

Science plays a crucial role in human life as it helps us understand the universe through observation, experimentation, and analysis. In education, science not only teaches scientific concepts but also fosters scientific attitudes and critical thinking skills in students. To make science education more meaningful, interactive, and relevant, a deep understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) is essential. This study aims to explore the understanding, benefits, and application of scientific concepts in the teaching and learning process to shape students' scientific attitudes. Using a literature review method, this research gathers information from various relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that science encompasses elements of philosophy, sociology, history, and psychology that support scientific understanding. By understanding NOS, students will view science as a process of knowledge discovery, rather than merely a collection of facts. The application of science in education also impacts students' ability to apply knowledge in practical contexts, enhance their analytical skills, and adapt to societal changes.

Hand hygiene is an important aspect in maintaining individual health and preventing the spread of disease, an effective practice for maintaining hand hygiene is washing hands regularly. Health education is an application of educational concepts in a learning process, namely health education using animated videos. This research aims to determine the effect of health education using animated videos on hand and nail hygiene in elementary school children at SDN Sekarputih 01 Bondowoso. The method in this research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test approach. The population was 90 student respondents at SDN Sekarputih 01 Bondowoso, 73 samples studied were taken using purposive sampling. Data collection includes editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. The instruments used are Animation Videos, SOPs, and Modules. The data obtained from this research was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of this research showed that the cleanliness of hands and nails before being given health education using animated videos was mostly poor 31 (42.5%), after health education using animated videos was mostly very good 52 (71.2%), from the test results The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test shows a value of p = 0.000 with ? = <0.05 (p = 0.000 with ? = <0.05) p is smaller than ?, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, it can be concluded that there is an influence of health education using animated videos on hand hygiene and nails. It is hoped that respondents who has lack knowledge about washing hands and cutting nails can apply health education using animated videos very effective because animated videos have interesting advantages and can make respondents focus on their interest in the images displayed.

OpenCV is a widely used library in the field of image processing and computer vision. Combined with Python's flexibility, OpenCV provides an extensive range of functions for efficient image processing, modification, analysis, and visualization. This paper aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of image processing using Python and OpenCV, including image reading, color conversion, edge detection, and image manipulation such as resizing and cropping. Furthermore, this study discusses basic analysis techniques like color distribution histograms and feature detection. By presenting these concepts, the paper aspires to help readers understand the foundations of digital image processing and explore the potential applications of OpenCV in practical fields such as pattern recognition, object detection, and image segmentation.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of Islamic educational sociology in shaping the character of students through a systematic literature review. The results show that Islamic educational sociology offers a rich conceptual framework, including the paradigm of multicultural Islamic education, the integration of spiritual and social values, and a holistic approach to character building. The implementation of the concepts of Islamic educational sociology in character education practice covers aspects of management, the role of teachers, and specific strategies. The effectiveness of this approach is seen in its significant contribution to character development, both at the individual and institutional levels. The synergy between local culture and Islamic education also demonstrates the potential of the Islamic educational sociology approach in shaping a strong national character. However, further research is needed to explore the adaptation of this approach in addressing contemporary challenges.