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This study aims to determine the level of community satisfaction with Posyandu services in the Bekasi area. Posyandu, as the frontline of community health services at the village level, plays an important role in monitoring the growth and development of toddlers, providing immunization services, and delivering health education. The method used in this study was a quantitative survey, with questionnaires distributed to 150 respondents who were users of Posyandu services in several subdistricts in Bekasi. The aspects evaluated include service quality, facility availability, staff attitude, and the effectiveness of the information provided. The survey results indicate that the majority of respondents are satisfied with the services provided, although there are some notes regarding limitations in facilities and service hours that need to be improved. These findings are expected to serve as input for Posyandu managers and local governments in enhancing the quality of community health services at the grassroots level.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foundation of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, analyze the moral values ​​in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, and study the sociology of literature of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are in the form of researcher notes in the form of words, phrases or sentences. The data source in this study is a document in the form of a literary novel entitled Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The data collection technique used in this study is the reading and note-taking technique. The reading technique is carried out by reading the entire novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. While the recording is done by recording data in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs that show the content of moral values ​​and religiosity in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Increasing the degree of trustworthiness in research using triangulation of analysis results. The data analysis technique in this study uses the hermeneutic reading technique, namely reading, noting and drawing conclusions. The results of the study in the form of moral values ​​contained in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy are classified into three forms, namely: Human relations with God, Human relations with themselves, and Human relations with other humans. 

This study explores eleventh-grade students’ perceptions of formative assessment in English language learning. Formative assessment is widely recognized as a strategy that enhances student engagement, reflection, and understanding. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire based on a Likert scale. Fourteen students from Senior High School 1 Wiradesa participated in the study during the 2024/2025 academic year. The results indicate that students generally held positive to very positive views of formative assessment. Key aspects contributing to this perception included timely teacher feedback, active classroom discussions, and the integration of digital tools. Students also reported that formative assessment boosted their confidence, deepened their understanding of the material, and helped them feel more prepared for exams. Overall, the study highlights the crucial role of formative assessment in creating a learning environment that is interactive, reflective, and responsive to students’ needs.

The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has led to the adoption of hydroponics, a method of growing plants in nutrient-rich solutions without soil. This method is particularly effective in controlled environments where resource efficiency is paramount. However, the success of hydroponic systems depends heavily on precise nutrient management, especially for micro-nutrients, which are crucial for plant health and productivity. Traditional methods of nutrient monitoring are often labor-intensive and lack the real-time responsiveness needed for optimal nutrient control. This study addresses the challenge of real-time nutrient management in hydroponic systems by developing a miniature sensor system integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed system is designed to detect micro-nutrient concentrations accurately and transmit data in real-time to a cloud platform for continuous monitoring and automated control. Advanced algorithms are employed for data processing and calibration, ensuring high accuracy in detecting micro-nutrient levels. The system was tested in a controlled hydroponic environment, where it demonstrated high accuracy with minimal error margins, validated by a consistently low Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The integration of IoT allowed for seamless data transmission and real-time analysis, enabling immediate adjustments to nutrient levels as needed. This research contributes to the advancement of precision agriculture by providing an effective solution for real-time nutrient management in hydroponic systems, potentially improving crop yields and resource efficiency.

This study aims to develop and modify learning media in the form of a motorcycle headlight electrical trainer to improve the effectiveness of learning for students at State Vocational High School (SMK) 4 Lhokseumawe. Conventional learning media are often less able to provide a real picture of the electrical system of motor vehicles, so it is necessary to develop more representative and interactive aids. The method used in this study is the research and development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model. The results of the modification include the addition of visual indicators (LED lights), more systematic wiring, and an electric current disturbance simulation panel. The feasibility test was carried out by media experts, material experts, and limited field trials on vocational high school students. The evaluation results showed that the modified trainer was very suitable for use as a learning medium, in terms of clarity of function, ease of use, and visual appeal. The use of this trainer was able to significantly improve students' understanding of the motorcycle headlight electrical system. .  

Agricultural waste such as pineapple crown leaves (Ananas comosus) has not been optimally utilized, despite its high cellulose fiber content, making it a potential alternative raw material for paper production. One of the main challenges in this process is controlling the paper's moisture content, as excessive water content can reduce product quality. This study aims to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on the moisture content of paper made from pineapple crown leaf fibers. Three NaOH concentrations (2%, 8%, and 14%) were applied during the pulping process to remove lignin and hemicellulose, followed by gravimetric analysis of the resulting paper’s moisture content. The results showed that the 8% NaOH treatment produced the lowest moisture content of 8.35%, while the 2% NaOH treatment resulted in the highest moisture content of 10.34%. One-way ANOVA indicated that variations in NaOH concentration had a statistically significant effect on moisture content (p < 0.001). The findings revealed a non-linear relationship between NaOH concentration and moisture content, with 8% being the optimal point. A lower concentration resulted in dense fiber structures that retained water, while a higher concentration led to the formation of cellulose II, which is more hygroscopic. This study highlights the importance of optimizing NaOH concentration in paper production from agricultural waste to achieve the best quality.

The color fastness of ultraviolet (UV) ink on outdoor print media is a crucial aspect that affects long-term visual quality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying the duration of UV exposure on the color stability of UV magenta ink applied to flexi-based banner media. The testing process was carried out experimentally through artificial irradiation, with color change analysis using the CIE Lab color system and the ΔE parameter as an indicator of degradation. The results showed that the longer the irradiation duration, the higher the ΔE value produced, which indicated significant color degradation. This finding emphasizes the importance of applying additional protection, such as UV lamination coating, to improve the color fastness of prints for outdoor use.

This study aims to obtain a color mixing formula that matches the Pantone Green 2282 C color with a target value of ΔLab <1 using three basic colors. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Pre-Test Post-Test design. The results of this study are that the Pantone Green 2282 C color ink can be formed from three basic colors including Yellow 570, Blue 800 and Red 003 inks. The selection of these colors is based on the Lab* value which shows that the three inks are able to produce the Pantone Green 2282 C color with a target value of ΔLab <1. In the process of mixing these colors, White 45 ink is needed to balance the three colors. The process of obtaining the Pantone Green 2282 C color through experiments that produce a total of 15 formulas. Where the T-14 formula with a composition of Yellow 570 (50%), Blue 800 (35%), Red (15%) and Medium (10%) was chosen because the target value of ΔLab <1 has been achieved..

The Sambung Nyawa plant (Gynura procumbens) is known to have various benefits, including as an antibacterial. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from Sambung Nyawa leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.  Fungi were isolated and then fermented for 7 days using Nutrient Broth media. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion technique, with zone of inhibition as an indicator of activity. The results showed that IFDSN 2 fungal isolate had the highest zone of inhibition, with a very strong category against S. aureus and strong against S. epidermidis. This finding supports the potential of endophytic fungi as an environmentally friendly natural antibacterial source.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) encompassing conditions affecting muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, and tendons , are a prevalent occupational health issue, particularly in roles involving physical tasks like lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying loads. This study aims to synthesize current scientific findings on the prevalence, contributing risk factors, and effective prevention strategies for MSDs in manual handling contexts. A systematic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2020 and June 2025. The review identified a consistently high prevalence of MSDs, with the lower back, shoulders, neck, and upper extremities being the most commonly affected areas. Key risk factors are multifactorial, including physical/ergonomic aspects (e.g., awkward postures, heavy loads, repetitive motions, prolonged exposure, vibration) , individual factors (e.g., age, BMI, injury history) , psychosocial factors (e.g., high job demands, low job control, stress) , and organizational/manegerial factors (e.g., inadequate training, poor workstation design). The findings underscore the necessity of a holistic and integrated approach to manage MSDs.  

This study aims to examine the strategic role of students as agents of change in environmental conservation, with a focus on the activities of the Nature Lovers Student Organization (MAPASTA) at UINSU and students at FEBI UINSU. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with five informants. The findings reveal that students play a crucial role in educating the public, initiating concrete environmental actions, and advocating for sustainability issues through social media and campus activities. Despite challenges such as low collective awareness, students remain capable of serving as catalysts for change through creative and collaborative approaches. These findings emphasize the importance of institutional support and capacity building for students to achieve sustainable environmental sustainability.

This research aims to examine the gap in legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia through an analysis of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Until now, domestic workers have not been explicitly recognized in national regulations, so their basic rights such as living wages, social security, and humane working hours are often neglected. This condition is exacerbated by the absence of written work contracts, the dominance of informal recruitment, and the view of the community that does not consider domestic workers as formal workers. This article concludes that the ratification of ILO Convention 189 and the passing of the Domestic Workers Protection Bill are strategic steps to strengthen legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia, which also needs to be supported by labor inspection and comprehensive legal education.

Trade secrets are an important part of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that play a strategic role in maintaining a company's competitive advantage. Protecting information that is not generally known, has economic value, and is kept confidential is very important, especially in the midst of globalization and technological advances that increase the risk of information leakage. Law No. 30 of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets is the main legal basis in Indonesia, in line with international agreements such as WTO/TRIPS. This research uses normative juridical methods to analyze trade secret legal protection, including based on property rights theory, contract theory, and tort theory. In addition, the role of employment contract clauses that regulate obligations to maintain confidentiality and prohibitions on working for competing companies after termination are discussed as preventive strategies. This research confirms the importance of awareness and concrete legal steps from business owners to protect their trade secrets effectively.

The imposition of criminal penalties must be based on careful legal consideration and in accordance with the principle of Negatief Wettelijk, which is enshrined in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). This principle requires that judges may only impose criminal penalties if there are at least two valid pieces of evidence that can fully explain the occurrence of the criminal act and the involvement of the defendant. In the case of the murder of Wayan Mirna Salihin, Jesica Kumala Wongso was designated as a suspect and sentenced by the prosecutor and judge. However, this designation sparked controversy because it did not meet the requirement of two valid pieces of evidence as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. The decision against Jesica was deemed not to be based on complete and objective evidence, and therefore could be considered legally flawed when viewed from the principle of Negatief Wettelijk. Therefore, it is important for the criminal justice system to uphold the principles of legality and caution when rendering decisions.

Increasing the growth of tilapia can be done by improving the quality of feed by adding multivitamins in the right amount. The purpose of this study was to determine the right dose of multivitamins for the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia (O. niloticus) in the biofloc system. This study was conducted from February to April 2024. This study used nirvana tilapia seeds measuring 4-5 g, with 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely 0 ml / kg of feed (control), 10 ml / kg of feed, 20 ml / kg of feed, 30 ml / kg of feed, 40 ml / kg of feed. The data was analyzed first using normality and homogeneity tests, then the data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test. The results of the study showed a significant effect of multivitamin doses on the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia in the biofloc system, the optimal dose of multivitamins on the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia in the biofloc system was 40 ml/kg of feed with an absolute weight of 6.38 g, a specific growth rate reaching 1.53% and a feed conversion ratio of 1.08.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low assessments of other people towards children with special needs (ABK), because children with special needs (ABK) have differences from children in general.And requires special handling according to developmental disorders and differences that are possessed, cognitive, speech, vision, hearing, social and emotional. Parents must have the ability to handle their child's life processes more optimally. The goal of the endeavor itself is an effort or effort in order to achieve everything that is desired or desired in life,With the attitude of parents' efforts towards the behavior of children with special needs, this can be the best way for children to be well accepted in their surroundings. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of anxiety disorders experienced by some elderly in sanggi village, bandar negeri semuong sub-district, especially those caused by feelings of fear in themselves. This condition often arises from feelings of lack of support and attention from their families tend to experience feelings of anxiety that will have an impact on health. The method used is qualitative descriptivewith data collection through pbservation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on the criteria for anxiety disorders in the elderly. The results of the study show that the implementation of tawakal is not only an expression to entrust everything to Allah SWT. But forms full trust and acceptance of what has been submitted. Elderly people who internalize tawakal tend to be more able to accept and surrender to Allah SWT, reduce feelings of worry, fear and build a positive view of what has happened. Implementation of tawakal strengthens inner peace, increases a sense of security, and motivates to improve the world as a whole. This finding confirms that the implementation of tawakal is an effective spiritual approach to overcome anxiety disorders.

This study aims to analyze the concept of patience (sabr) from Imam Al-Ghazali’s perspective and its implementation in the character of Sri Ningsih in the novel Tentang Kamu by Tere Liye. According to Al-Ghazali, patience is divided into three main aspects: patience in facing misfortune, patience in avoiding sinful acts, and patience in maintaining obedience. These aspects are fully integrated in Sri Ningsih’s life journey, who endures various hardships, slander, imprisonment, and struggles abroad. This research applies a qualitative method using literature review and content analysis. The findings reveal that Sri Ningsih consistently practices the values of patience, making her a role model for mental resilience, honesty, and self-control in the midst of modern life’s challenges. This study is expected to contribute to strengthening tasawuf akhlaqi values through literary works.

This study aims to analyse the correlations between parental support, motivation, and self-confidence. The research design used was quantitative research, and the method used was a survey with a Likert scale. The population was all athletes at the Flam Aquatic Kediri swimming club. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, and this research used 37 athletes as the sample. The instrument was analysed by Pearson's product-moment and Bivariate correlation analysis test. The result shows that F count = 8.621 < F table = 3.28, a significant value of 0.001 < a significant level of 0.05, and the R-squared value was 0.336 which means that there is a significant correlation between the variables of parental support, motivation, and self-confidence of athletes at the Flam Aquatic Kediri swimming club. It correlates with 33.6%. It can be concluded that this research hypothesis, "There is a correlation between parental support, motivation, and self-confidence of athletes at Flam Aquatic Kediri swimming club”, is accepted. The higher the level of parental support and motivation given to the athletes, the higher their confidence in swimming will be.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of somatotype and body composition of swimmers from Flam Aquatics Club in Kediri City. A quantitative descriptive approach was used with a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 10 swimmers aged 9–17 years, selected through purposive sampling. Somatotype was measured using the Heath-Carter method, while body composition was assessed using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) scale. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2012. The results showed that male swimmers were predominantly of the Central somatotype (4 athletes), while female swimmers were evenly distributed between Endomorphic Ectomorph and Ectomorphic Endomorph types (2 athletes each). The average body composition of male swimmers included muscle mass of 34.48 kg, bone mass of 1.88 kg, fat mass of 5.07 kg, and body fat percentage of 10.65%. For female swimmers, the average muscle mass was 27.7 kg, bone mass 1.5 kg, fat mass 5.25 kg, and body fat percentage 15.08%. It can be concluded that male athletes tend to have a Central somatotype, while female athletes are equally divided between two somatotype categories. The highest bone and fat mass in female athletes was found in those with the Ectomorphic Endomorph type.