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Street-level bureaucracy refers to the role of frontline bureaucrats who directly engage with the public in the implementation of public policies, including stunting management. In Sidoarjo Regency, stunting remains a critical public health issue with long-term implications for human capital development, despite the government’s continuous efforts to reduce its prevalence. Actors such as posyandu cadres, health center personnel, and officials from the District Health Office serve as the front line in detecting stunting cases, delivering nutritional counseling, monitoring child growth, and connecting communities with essential health services. However, the effectiveness of these roles is often constrained by limited resources, excessive workloads, lack of adequate training, and insufficient incentives that do not reflect the complexity of their responsibilities. Furthermore, policy implementation is frequently hindered by weak inter-sectoral coordination, low community engagement, and the gap between administrative guidelines and the realities faced in the field. The discretionary power held by these street-level bureaucrats becomes both a strength and a challenge—allowing for flexible adaptation to local needs while raising concerns about accountability and service consistency. Addressing stunting effectively at the local level requires strategic capacity-building for implementers through continuous training, fair compensation, and strengthened collaboration among governmental actors and other stakeholders. These efforts must be integrated, holistic, and sustainable in order to truly tackle the root causes of stunting and generate meaningful improvements in public health outcomes.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>This study aims to analyze the synergy between posyandu cadres and environmental sanitation in reducing stunting rates in Tanjung Mas Sub-District, Semarang City. Using a qualitative approach and data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation over the past two years (2023–2024), the research found that community-based interventions through active posyandu cadres, along with improved environmental sanitation, significantly impacted the decline in stunting prevalence in the area. This research adopts the public policy implementation theory of Sabatier & Mazmanian (2022) as well as the cross-sector collaboration theory, and Van Meter and Horns policy implementation theory. Findings indicate that the stunting rate in Tanjung Mas Sub-District decreased from 18.5% in 2022 to 11.2% by the end of 2024. The study recommends strengthening inter-agency coordination, providing ongoing training for posyandu cadres, and improving sanitation infrastructure.</em></p>

This study aims to examine the village government's strategy in developing the tourism potential of Lake Rana Kulan, located in Rana Kulan Village, Elar Sub-district, East Manggarai Regency. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation, using both primary and secondary data sources. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study adopts the tourism development components theory by Gunn (2002), which includes attraction, service/facilities, promotion, transportation, and information. The results show that the village government is working to develop tourism attractions such as the lake's natural beauty, fishing and swimming activities, as well as cultural attractions like festivals. In terms of facilities, gazebos, toilets, parking areas, a stage, and trash bins are available, although food stalls and accommodations remain limited. Basic infrastructure such as solar power (PLTS) and internet networks are in place, but clean water supply remains a challenge. Promotion is conducted through social media and cultural festivals, with plans to develop a village website. Road access to the location is still damaged but under repair, supported by local motorcycle taxi services. In terms of information, there are directional signs and digital access via Google Maps and the Jadesta website. Overall, the strategies implemented indicate the village government's commitment to tourism development, although infrastructure and facility limitations remain obstacles.

This study examines the importance of strengthening institutional capacity at the sub-district level to improve the quality of human resources (HR) among government officials in order to enhance public service delivery in Banyuasin Regency. As the frontline in the implementation of public services, sub-districts play a crucial role due to their direct interaction with the community. The main issue in this research is the low effectiveness of public services caused by limited institutional capacity and inadequate human resource competencies at the sub-district level. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method focused on Rambutan Sub-district. The theoretical framework includes institutional capacity theory, New Public Management (NPM), and New Public Service (NPS). The research findings indicate that developing institutional capacity through human resource training and the application of modern management practices has a positive impact on service quality. Changes in public service delivery largely depend on the sub-district’s ability to maximize the empowerment of its personnel.

This research aims to find out the Governance of the Government in Overcoming Flood Disaster Conditions in the Pahandut Seberang Settlement Kawasam. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. Data was collected through field observations. This research was conducted in Pahandut Seberang Village, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province. Based on existing data as a research site in flood-affected areas in Pahandut Seberang Village at the location of residents in RT 02, 03, 04 and 05. The research time was carried out from the date of issuance of the research permit within a period of 3 (three) months, 1 (one) month of data collection and 2 (two) months of data analysis. Materials and tools used in research include stationery, cameras, and observation guides. The process of analysing qualitative research data is an integral part of data analysis activities such as: data reduction, data presentation & conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that to be able to get solutions to overcome these various obstacles, namely: Flooding in Kelurahan Pahandut Seberang has a significant impact on the social and economic conditions of the community. Social impacts include damage to homes, disruption of daily activities, and health problems. Economic impacts include losses from the agriculture sector, small businesses, and loss of transport access.

This study analyzes the implementation of e-government as an instrument in increasing transparency and accountability of public services in the digital era. Using a qualitative approach and case studies in several government agencies, this study shows that the implementation of e-government has a significant impact on increasing transparency through easy access to public information and accountability through a more effective tracking and monitoring system. However, there are various challenges in its implementation, including the digital divide, limited technological infrastructure, and resistance to organizational change. This study recommends a comprehensive strategy that includes developing human resource capacity, improving technological infrastructure, and strengthening the regulatory framework to optimize the benefits of e-government in more transparent and accountable governance.

Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in language, both at the word, phrase, and sentence levels. This study covers the relationship between linguistic signs and the meaning they contain and their implications for human understanding. This study aims to describe (1) the definition of semantics according to experts, (2) types of meaning in Indonesian, (3) forms of meaning change, and (4) the phenomena of ambiguity, homonyms, homophones, and homographs along with examples. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, namely examining various sources of literature such as books, journals, and scientific articles that are relevant to the study of semantics. The results of the study show that the types of meaning in Indonesian include lexical, grammatical, referential, non-referential, denotative, and connotative meanings. Changes in meaning are divided into generalization, specialization, amelioration, pejoration, and associative. In addition, linguistic phenomena such as ambiguity (double meanings due to sentence structure), homonyms (words with the same pronunciation and spelling, different meanings), homophones (same pronunciation, different spelling and meanings), and homographs (same spelling, different pronunciation and meanings) were also found.  

This study aims to examine how university students perceive freedom of expression in Indonesia within the context of democracy and the digital age. A descriptive quantitative method was employed by distributing questionnaires to students from various universities. The findings reveal that most students view freedom of expression as a fundamental right in a democratic society. However, concerns were raised regarding potential restrictions through ambiguous regulations and the threat of legal sanctions. Social media platforms serve as the primary medium for expressing opinions, although risks such as digital harassment and criminalization persist. In conclusion, while students generally have a positive view of freedom of expression, they remain cautious about its possible repercussions. These findings suggest the need for stronger legal protections and improved digital literacy to ensure that freedom of expression remains safeguarded in a democratic system.

The "Great Kids, Great Time Managers" training module is designed to instill essential understanding and skills in time management, responsibility, and independence in elementary school-aged children. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of this training module in enhancing these three aspects in children. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, involving observation and interviews during the training implementation. The training results showed an increase in children's awareness and ability to manage time, complete tasks responsibly, and perform daily activities independently. This training contributes to the development of positive and adaptive children's character in the modern era.

This community service activity aims to improve the competitiveness of MSMEs through mentoring entrepreneurs based on managerial economics. Many MSMEs have not optimally implemented managerial principles, such as financial planning, market analysis, and decision-making strategies. The managerial economic approach is used to help MSMEs understand consumer behavior, cost efficiency, and effective resource management. The implementation methods for this activity include field observation, training, interactive discussions, and direct mentoring for MSMEs in the target area. The results of this activity show an increase in participants' understanding of business management, such as the implementation of more measurable strategies to face market competition. Thus, mentoring based on managerial economics has proven effective in strengthening the foundations of entrepreneurship and increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to determine the level of community satisfaction with Posyandu services in the Bekasi area. Posyandu, as the frontline of community health services at the village level, plays an important role in monitoring the growth and development of toddlers, providing immunization services, and delivering health education. The method used in this study was a quantitative survey, with questionnaires distributed to 150 respondents who were users of Posyandu services in several subdistricts in Bekasi. The aspects evaluated include service quality, facility availability, staff attitude, and the effectiveness of the information provided. The survey results indicate that the majority of respondents are satisfied with the services provided, although there are some notes regarding limitations in facilities and service hours that need to be improved. These findings are expected to serve as input for Posyandu managers and local governments in enhancing the quality of community health services at the grassroots level.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foundation of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, analyze the moral values ​​in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, and study the sociology of literature of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are in the form of researcher notes in the form of words, phrases or sentences. The data source in this study is a document in the form of a literary novel entitled Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The data collection technique used in this study is the reading and note-taking technique. The reading technique is carried out by reading the entire novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. While the recording is done by recording data in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs that show the content of moral values ​​and religiosity in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Increasing the degree of trustworthiness in research using triangulation of analysis results. The data analysis technique in this study uses the hermeneutic reading technique, namely reading, noting and drawing conclusions. The results of the study in the form of moral values ​​contained in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy are classified into three forms, namely: Human relations with God, Human relations with themselves, and Human relations with other humans. 

This study explores eleventh-grade students’ perceptions of formative assessment in English language learning. Formative assessment is widely recognized as a strategy that enhances student engagement, reflection, and understanding. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire based on a Likert scale. Fourteen students from Senior High School 1 Wiradesa participated in the study during the 2024/2025 academic year. The results indicate that students generally held positive to very positive views of formative assessment. Key aspects contributing to this perception included timely teacher feedback, active classroom discussions, and the integration of digital tools. Students also reported that formative assessment boosted their confidence, deepened their understanding of the material, and helped them feel more prepared for exams. Overall, the study highlights the crucial role of formative assessment in creating a learning environment that is interactive, reflective, and responsive to students’ needs.

The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has led to the adoption of hydroponics, a method of growing plants in nutrient-rich solutions without soil. This method is particularly effective in controlled environments where resource efficiency is paramount. However, the success of hydroponic systems depends heavily on precise nutrient management, especially for micro-nutrients, which are crucial for plant health and productivity. Traditional methods of nutrient monitoring are often labor-intensive and lack the real-time responsiveness needed for optimal nutrient control. This study addresses the challenge of real-time nutrient management in hydroponic systems by developing a miniature sensor system integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed system is designed to detect micro-nutrient concentrations accurately and transmit data in real-time to a cloud platform for continuous monitoring and automated control. Advanced algorithms are employed for data processing and calibration, ensuring high accuracy in detecting micro-nutrient levels. The system was tested in a controlled hydroponic environment, where it demonstrated high accuracy with minimal error margins, validated by a consistently low Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The integration of IoT allowed for seamless data transmission and real-time analysis, enabling immediate adjustments to nutrient levels as needed. This research contributes to the advancement of precision agriculture by providing an effective solution for real-time nutrient management in hydroponic systems, potentially improving crop yields and resource efficiency.

This study aims to develop and modify learning media in the form of a motorcycle headlight electrical trainer to improve the effectiveness of learning for students at State Vocational High School (SMK) 4 Lhokseumawe. Conventional learning media are often less able to provide a real picture of the electrical system of motor vehicles, so it is necessary to develop more representative and interactive aids. The method used in this study is the research and development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model. The results of the modification include the addition of visual indicators (LED lights), more systematic wiring, and an electric current disturbance simulation panel. The feasibility test was carried out by media experts, material experts, and limited field trials on vocational high school students. The evaluation results showed that the modified trainer was very suitable for use as a learning medium, in terms of clarity of function, ease of use, and visual appeal. The use of this trainer was able to significantly improve students' understanding of the motorcycle headlight electrical system. .  

Agricultural waste such as pineapple crown leaves (Ananas comosus) has not been optimally utilized, despite its high cellulose fiber content, making it a potential alternative raw material for paper production. One of the main challenges in this process is controlling the paper's moisture content, as excessive water content can reduce product quality. This study aims to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on the moisture content of paper made from pineapple crown leaf fibers. Three NaOH concentrations (2%, 8%, and 14%) were applied during the pulping process to remove lignin and hemicellulose, followed by gravimetric analysis of the resulting paper’s moisture content. The results showed that the 8% NaOH treatment produced the lowest moisture content of 8.35%, while the 2% NaOH treatment resulted in the highest moisture content of 10.34%. One-way ANOVA indicated that variations in NaOH concentration had a statistically significant effect on moisture content (p < 0.001). The findings revealed a non-linear relationship between NaOH concentration and moisture content, with 8% being the optimal point. A lower concentration resulted in dense fiber structures that retained water, while a higher concentration led to the formation of cellulose II, which is more hygroscopic. This study highlights the importance of optimizing NaOH concentration in paper production from agricultural waste to achieve the best quality.

The color fastness of ultraviolet (UV) ink on outdoor print media is a crucial aspect that affects long-term visual quality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying the duration of UV exposure on the color stability of UV magenta ink applied to flexi-based banner media. The testing process was carried out experimentally through artificial irradiation, with color change analysis using the CIE Lab color system and the ΔE parameter as an indicator of degradation. The results showed that the longer the irradiation duration, the higher the ΔE value produced, which indicated significant color degradation. This finding emphasizes the importance of applying additional protection, such as UV lamination coating, to improve the color fastness of prints for outdoor use.

This study aims to obtain a color mixing formula that matches the Pantone Green 2282 C color with a target value of ΔLab <1 using three basic colors. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Pre-Test Post-Test design. The results of this study are that the Pantone Green 2282 C color ink can be formed from three basic colors including Yellow 570, Blue 800 and Red 003 inks. The selection of these colors is based on the Lab* value which shows that the three inks are able to produce the Pantone Green 2282 C color with a target value of ΔLab <1. In the process of mixing these colors, White 45 ink is needed to balance the three colors. The process of obtaining the Pantone Green 2282 C color through experiments that produce a total of 15 formulas. Where the T-14 formula with a composition of Yellow 570 (50%), Blue 800 (35%), Red (15%) and Medium (10%) was chosen because the target value of ΔLab <1 has been achieved..

The Sambung Nyawa plant (Gynura procumbens) is known to have various benefits, including as an antibacterial. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from Sambung Nyawa leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.  Fungi were isolated and then fermented for 7 days using Nutrient Broth media. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion technique, with zone of inhibition as an indicator of activity. The results showed that IFDSN 2 fungal isolate had the highest zone of inhibition, with a very strong category against S. aureus and strong against S. epidermidis. This finding supports the potential of endophytic fungi as an environmentally friendly natural antibacterial source.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) encompassing conditions affecting muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, and tendons , are a prevalent occupational health issue, particularly in roles involving physical tasks like lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying loads. This study aims to synthesize current scientific findings on the prevalence, contributing risk factors, and effective prevention strategies for MSDs in manual handling contexts. A systematic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2020 and June 2025. The review identified a consistently high prevalence of MSDs, with the lower back, shoulders, neck, and upper extremities being the most commonly affected areas. Key risk factors are multifactorial, including physical/ergonomic aspects (e.g., awkward postures, heavy loads, repetitive motions, prolonged exposure, vibration) , individual factors (e.g., age, BMI, injury history) , psychosocial factors (e.g., high job demands, low job control, stress) , and organizational/manegerial factors (e.g., inadequate training, poor workstation design). The findings underscore the necessity of a holistic and integrated approach to manage MSDs.