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This article discusses the changes experienced by Sundanese children during puberty and the important role of the gospel spirit companion in guiding them. Sundanese society has unique and interesting characteristics that must be observed in its spiritual growth and understanding of the concept of salvation. Although Sundanese society already has good morals and a high spirit of tolerance, to achieve soul salvation according to the concept of Christian salvation, faith in Jesus Christ is needed. Unfortunately, children are often neglected in evangelism, and the lack of service to them is a problem that must be overcome. Therefore, the "Child Reureuh" activity was held to provide an understanding of the teachings of the Bible and the concept of salvation to Sundanese children. The research method used was qualitative descriptive, and this activity was carried out at Wisma Karang Tumaritis, Parompong, West Bandung. Involving children in evangelism is expected to build a strong foundation of faith from an early age and have a positive impact on their lives. This article aims to explore the role of contextual teams in introducing the love of Jesus Christ to Sundanese children and its impact on their ministry, as well as provide a comprehensive overview of contextual approaches in religious and humanitarian contexts.

This research explores the relationship between music and philosophy within the context of Christian faith. The research methodology employed is descriptive and qualitative, utilizing a hermeneutic approach that involves literature review, in-depth interviews, and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that music, as an art form that utilizes sound, plays a significant role in expressing Christian faith, facilitating church worship, and fostering fellowship. Christian philosophy is the study of the nature of reality. It helps to understand the meaning of music in the context of Christian beliefs, examine aspects of music, and develop Christian theology. The Bible provides guidance on the role of music and philosophy in the Christian faith. Music and philosophy complement each other, enriching the religious experience of Christians and encouraging a deeper appreciation of both

This study discusses the crucial role of parents in building the religious foundation of children, focusing on the perspective of Christian religious education theology. Parents are viewed as primary agents in shaping the faith and spiritual values ​​of children. Through a theological approach, this study explores how parents can fulfill their role as religious educators within the household. Concepts such as communal prayer, scripture reading, and other religious practices are important in building the religious foundation of children. Additionally, the study outlines the importance of parents understanding Christian theology as the basis for the religious education of their children. By considering the principles of Christian religious education theology, parents can guide their children towards healthy spiritual growth and strengthen their relationship with God. Practical implications of this study include the implementation of contextual and relevant religious education methods tailored to the needs of children, as well as parents' efforts to consistently serve as models of faith for them. Thus, a profound understanding of the role of parents in building the religious foundation of children from the perspective of Christian religious education theology can provide valuable guidance for religious education practices at the household level.

Christian Generation Z is negotiating adulthood within an unusually dense field of uncertainty: unstable work transitions, digital comparison, climate concern, post-pandemic disruption, and shifting religious participation. These conditions intensify future anxiety, understood here as anticipatory apprehension toward an unfavorable personal future. This article aims to construct a pastoral counseling model for Christian Gen Z who experience future anxiety without reducing their distress either to a clinical disorder alone or to insufficient faith. Because no field data were collected, the study uses a constructive conceptual design grounded in an integrative literature review, practical theological reasoning, and a critical synthesis of psychological, pastoral, and youth mental health scholarship published before 2024. The analysis identifies three main findings. First, future anxiety among Christian Gen Z is best interpreted as a narrative disruption of agency, meaning, belonging, and hope. Second, pastoral counseling requires an integrative stance that combines spiritual competence, evidence-informed anxiety care, digital awareness, and ecclesial accompaniment. Third, the article proposes the SELAH model: Situational-spiritual assessment, Empathic presence, Lament and meaning reconstruction, Adaptive agency planning, and Hope-building ecclesial accompaniment. The model offers a non-reductive framework for churches, counselors, and Christian educators while emphasizing referral, ethical boundaries, and further empirical testing.

Majelis ta’lim is a non-formal Islamic educational institution that has its own curriculum, is held regularly, and is attended by relatively large congregations. It aims to build polite and harmonious relationships between humans and Allah SWT, humans and others, and the environment, fostering a community that is devoted to Allah SWT. The majlis ta’lim system has developed since the beginning of the spread of Islam in the Arabian continent, then spread throughout the Islamic world in Asia, Africa, and Indonesia, especially those that continue to grow today with the main mission of teaching Islam to Muslims. Even in Indonesia, the majlis ta’lim is a component of national education activities. The role of the ta’lim assembly in society is to strengthen the foundation of human life in the field of Islam in order to improve the quality of life integrally, physically and spiritually, worldly and spiritually, in accordance with Islamic teachings, namely faith and piety, which underlie life in the world and all areas of its activities. This research is library research by collecting various information from books and journals. This article explains the meaning, development, and role of the Majlis Ta’lim as a non-formal Islamic educational institution in Indonesia.

A broken promise or default is a situation where a debtor is unable to fulfill his obligations in accordance with the debt and receivable agreement he made, for example not making installments or repayment on time. As in article 13138 of the Civil Code which states "All agreements made in accordance with law apply as law for those who make them. This agreement cannot be withdrawn other than by agreement of both parties, or for reasons determined by law, the agreement must be carried out in good faith. In this paper, the problem is regarding the bank credit payment agreement made between the debtor and the creditor in the contents of the agreement that has been given by agreement between the parties given a period of time by the creditor to the debtor, but the debtor is negligent and does not pay compensation even though it has been billed and a summons has been given. or a warning, so that the debtor files a lawsuit. The theory in this research uses contract law theory which regulates agreements and methods using normative legal research methods which refer to court decisions and statutory regulations. So the title that the researcher will discuss is the analysis of cases of default between debtors and creditors regarding bank credit loan agreements, case study decision number 51/PDT.G.S/2023/PN.BTG

This research aims to determine the legal responsibilities of coal companies in fulfilling their achievements due to the export ban. This legal writing is included in the type of normative legal research using a legislative approach including primary legal materials and secondary legal materials collected through document study and analyzed using deductive legal material analysis using the syllogism method. This research examines the implementation of the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 139.K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 regarding the fulfillment and prioritization of domestic coal needs. The failure to fulfill the Domestic Market Obligation then gave rise to an export ban by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources through the issuance of Circular Letter from the Directorate General of Minerals and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Number B-605/MB.05/DJB.B/2021. The export ban then causes coal entrepreneurs to be unable to fulfill agreements with foreign companies. Non-fulfillment of achievements due to changes in Government policy in the form of an export ban is analyzed and categorized as force majeure so that non-performance, compensation or cancellation of the agreement cannot be sued. The legal responsibility that can be carried out by coal entrepreneurs in the event of an export ban is to submit a force majeure situation and prove that their party has been in good faith from the beginning until the agreement is in progress.

Islamic boarding schools, as traditional Islamic educational institutions, have an important role in forming the character, morals and faith of the younger generation in Indonesia. In facing the demands of increasingly modern times, marketing management has become an integral part of the sustainability and development of Islamic boarding schools. This article discusses the importance of marketing management in the context of Islamic boarding schools, as well as the changes and challenges faced in finding a balance between tradition and modernity. Islamic boarding school marketing management involves identifying the target audience, developing an image and brand, utilizing technology, and measuring and evaluating results. Islamic boarding schools must understand who their potential students are, build a positive image, utilize technology, and measure the effectiveness of marketing efforts. The main challenge is to maintain traditional values ​​while opening up to elements of modernity. This can be achieved with technology integration, a unified approach, and partnerships with the business world. Proper marketing management allows Islamic boarding schools to remain relevant in educating the younger generation who are religiously and morally strong while remaining competitive in an increasingly modern world.Thus, marketing management in Islamic boarding schools is key to maintaining and enhancing their role in society, helping them move from tradition to modernity with success.  

Many teenagers leave or no longer want to go to church because no one listens or pays attention to teenagers in the church, the role of teenagers in the church is not really appreciated, distrust of the role of teenagers, teenagers want to be guided, not preached to, the church has failed to adapt to today's times and teenagers, there are no facilities to support the development of teenagers in the church, there is no suitable community for teenagers in the church, the church seems to be too overprotective of its people. The purpose of this study, where the pastor must ensure that the needs of adolescents are met in terms of their spirituality and they must be listened to, valued in the church community, so that they feel welcome in the church, then adolescents are given service responsibilities in the church so that they develop their potential. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method through literature study, then the researcher interviewed 4 pastors in local churches in the Jakarta area to get answers in this study. the benefits that can be obtained are that Christian teenagers can put their hearts and be loyal to the church where they grow.

Morals have a great influence on individuals and on a nation. Moral teachings as exemplified by Rasulullah SAW. In everyday life. The method used is to provide material in the form of morals, the pillars of Islam and the pillars of faith through infocus and conducting questions and answers. The location of the service was carried out at SD N 4 Wameo school (Class 4), the implementation lasted for three days, the PKM team became teachers and companions for the children in teaching and learning activities. The class consists of 24 students, the material that the service team brings to students is writing, reading, memorizing and listening to the stories of the Prophet. The average age of students is 10-11 years. The results obtained by students were 40% able to memorize, 70% able to read, 85% able/enthusiastic in listening to the stories of the Prophet.

This article explores the role of Catholic religious education teachers in forming a faith-based learning community in schools. Using an educational ethnography approach, this study found that teachers play roles as faith facilitators and agents of social transformation. Through reflective methods and collaborative learning, students are encouraged to live out evangelical values ​​in their daily lives. This article also offers practical strategies for teachers to integrate Catholic values ​​into cross-disciplinary curricula.

This article examines how Christian religious education curriculum can be a means to develop students' faith. This study uses a phenomenological approach to explore students' and teachers' experiences in the learning process. Findings suggest that spirituality-based approaches, such as prayer, meditation, and biblical reflection, are effective in fostering deep faith. This article recommends a curriculum model that is more integrated with spiritual practices.

From traditional trading practices to today's global financial system, credit agreements have played an important role in the formation of the world economy. Good faith can often be said to be a high norm in civil law, especially in contracts, because objective good faith refers to a normative concept related to moral standards in carrying out legal actions, especially in carrying out auctions. Bad faith is a contario of the definition of good faith, namely that good faith will be the background for someone to act against the law which results in harm to another party. Bad faith has not been clearly regulated in any statutory regulations, so determining whether someone is acting in bad faith is not easy considering that there are no provisions related to bad faith in statutory provisions, including BW. This research aims to analyze the basic determinants of bad faith in the implementation of mortgage rights execution auctions by banks based on credit agreements and the legal consequences for banks who act in bad faith in implementing mortgage rights auctions. The research method used in the research is normative legal research using a statutory approach, case approach and conceptual approach. This research uses legal materials sourced from primary legal materials and secondary legal materials which are then collected through literature study, analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of the research are that the basis for determining the existence of bad faith can be seen from actions that violate the law which are not based on the principle of caution or are not careful in carrying out their duties. Therefore, as a legal consequence of bad faith, you can file a lawsuit for cancellation of the auction which causes the auction to be canceled to the Local District Court.

The purpose of this paper is to find out about the hadiths about faith and the immoral actions of believers. The method used in this research is Content Analysis, with data collection techniques using library research. So far, many people have assumed that faith lies in the realm of theology alone. Whereas on the other hand the individual and sociological domains have an important role as a form of implementation of faith. If we examine more deeply about the Qur'an and Hadith, there are many verses and texts that state that faith is closely related to charity and morals. Morals can of course be seen from the way or attitudes of  humans in their daily lives, not only attitudes but can also be seen and become the human character itself. Having clear and strong faith means that our lives are directed towards one rule that we believe in and implement in life.                                                      

Based on the scientific consensus, ghosts are not a scientifically valid concept. Their existence cannot be explained. Even though it has been investigated for centuries, there is not a single piece of scientific evidence that shows that a place can be inhabited by the spirits of the dead. In Islam there is no such thing as a ghost, Islam calls them jinn, devils and demons. Of the many types of ghosts, the one most feared by people is the ghost of the dead. Some ordinary people think that ghosts are the spirits of dead people who wander around, especially curious dead people whose spirits are trapped in the natural world. The fact that ghosts are the incarnations of dead people cannot be justified. Islam does not reject the existence of spirits, in fact supernatural matters such as the existence of spirits must be believed because the Pillars of Faith themselves consist of supernatural things that must be believed in.

In developing an independent curriculum in Indonesia, one of them cannot be separated from the role of philosophy of science, which in curriculum development is the spirit or foundation of education which must be evaluated, studied periodically, innovative and dynamic following changing times, such as the philosophical Ki Hajar Dewantara who stated that education is appropriate. the nature of nature and the nature of the times, meaning that education develops according to the times. Of course, all the changes and developments that occur in the educational curriculum cannot be separated from the results of several studies on how the implementation of this independent curriculum can overcome learning loss, the effects of the Covid pandemic plus the global challenges of change from era 4.0 to Society 5.0, which has the impact that today's generation needs. have the ability to think critically, creatively and innovatively. In the independent curriculum, it can be seen that the superiority of its characteristics is that the material is simpler and more in-depth and there is a significant reduction in material. The materials presented are limited to essential material. Reducing material provides an opportunity for students to explore the material more comprehensively. Next is more independence, which means that in an independent curriculum, students are given more freedom to choose the subjects they are interested in according to their interests, talents, potential and aspirations. Meanwhile, teachers can teach according to the stages of student achievement and development. So it is more relevant and interactive. Students are guided to be able to collaborate, work together to form groups to identify problems that are becoming issues to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students, namely faith and devotion to God Almighty and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. The essence of this independent curriculum is independent learning. This aims to enable students to explore their respective interests, potential and talents.

Sehati Kebayan Early Childhood Education (PAUD), Brang Biji Village, Sumbawa Besar is a school that has students from various religions, including; Islam, Christianity and Catholicism. In developing religious aspects, this school emphasizes 2 (two) religious dimensions, namely, firstly, it is very important for young children to be introduced to religion so that children internalize religious values in worship. Second, children are instilled with the attitude of religious tolerance from an early age so that children are accustomed to the attitude of tolerance among their friends even though they have different religions. Based on this brief background, the researcher focused on the research, namely how is the implementation of religious education for early childhood at PAUD Sehati Kebayan Kelahan Brang Biji? This research uses a qualitative research method approach which is directed at field research. The subjects in this research were Islamic, Christian and Catholic religious teachers. Meanwhile, the object of this research is strategies for developing religious worship and religious tolerance. Using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The validity of the data is measured using method and source triangulation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of research on the implementation of religious education in early childhood include 3 (three) implementation activities of religious education, namely 1) routine learning activities, including; praying together with different prayer methods/attitudes but the content of the prayer is general and uses Indonesian, English and Mandarin, 2) integrated learning activities, including; activities to develop cognitive, physical motor, language and arts aspects that are integrated with the development of religious values, and 3) special learning activities, including; faith, prayers/ways of worship, prayers, reading and understanding religious books, religious songs or praises, introducing fasting and introducing days of worship or commemoration days of each religion.

Education in elementary schools has the aim of helping students understand problems in everyday life. The national education system states that education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith, noble character, health, knowledge and responsibility. In the context of mathematics education, the PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) approach is used to help students understand mathematical concepts through real experiences and the context of everyday life. The data grouping learning trajectory using the PMRI approach aims to help grade 1 elementary school students understand the concept of data grouping. The use of sorting and choosing props can also improve the learning outcomes of low grade students in sorting and selecting certain objects or concepts. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that students can learn more effectively through direct experience, visualization and physical movements involved in the sorting and choosing process. Data was collected through interviews and tests. Based on the results and discussion of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the design of a data grouping learning trajectory for elementary school students using an Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach is theoretically able to provide a deeper understanding of data grouping for grade I elementary school students. With the principles in PMRI, students are given the opportunity to develop a conceptual understanding of data grouping with the help of the images provided.

Zakat isdesigned by Allah SWT for the purpose of human benefit as an individual, social welfare and welfare of the wider environment. In the zakat other than a ritual dimensions there are also positive values that will be internalized to individuals who do, people who accept and wider social environment. Muzakki will obtain these educational values if they meet several conditions. First, he performs zakat based on faith and sincerity. Second, carry out zakat according to the guidance, that is to fulfiiI the requirement, to get along and to do the things that are desirable. Third, to live the meaning behind the worship performed. Fourth, dig maqashid al shari'ah from worship to be executed.

Literary work is a work of imagination expressed in written form by a writer. These literary works are created by writers for aesthetic purposes. Literary works often tell a story, plot, characterization and conflict background. Stories based on essays or true stories produced as literary works, to convey ideas and positive messages from the author to readers. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis and is linked to Maslow's Needs theory. Needs are very often called basic needs which are described as a hierarchy that describes the levels of needs, namely, physiological needs, safety, social needs, ego, and self-actualization. The method used is related to the conditions and situations of the subject in the novel. In the novel Dear Nathan, there are characters that will be discussed, namely Nathan, Salma, Daniel, Ardi (Papa Nathan), and Mama Meli (Mama Nathan), the characters consist of character, protagonist, antagonist, tritagonist. Mixed storyline, sad, happy, touched, regretful. Messages in the novel: Be grateful, learn to understand, give love, be sincere, be loyal, keep promises, make sacrifices, be faithful. In this research, it is hoped that readers can understand the message given by the author.