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This study aims to analyze the legal review of legal protection for consumers related to the circulation of drugs that do not have a distribution permit in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is the normative legal research method. The main data source in this study is a secondary legal source, consisting of laws and regulations governing the circulation of drugs. The results of this study indicate that legal protection for consumers related to the circulation of drugs without a distribution permit in Indonesia has been strictly regulated in various regulations. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, and Regulation of the Head of BPOM Number 26 of 2017 provide a strong legal basis to ensure that drug products circulating in the market are safe and have obtained a valid distribution permit from BPOM. This aims to protect consumer rights so that they are not exposed to health risks caused by drugs that are not guaranteed to be safe. However, a major challenge faced is the high number of illegal drugs circulating, both on the black market and online platforms that are difficult to monitor. In addition, the lack of awareness from consumers also exacerbates this problem. Suboptimal supervision is also another challenge in this legal protection. The lack of utilization of technology in supervision is also a significant obstacle. Although there are regulations and supervisory authority from BPOM and pharmaceutical personnel, the distribution of drugs without a distribution permit remains a complex problem

This research aims to analyze the differences in the definition of a child's age in the Child Protection Law and the Human Rights Law and how this affects the handling of juvenile cases, as well as the implications of the contradiction in the definition of a child's age between the Child Protection Law and the Human Rights Law in juvenile justice processes. This type of research is normative research. The research results indicate that (1) The difference in the definition of a child in the Child Protection Law (Law No. 35 of 2014) and the Human Rights Law (Law No. 39 of 1999) creates inconsistency in legal protection for children. A fair legal system should provide more protection to vulnerable groups, such as children, without distinguishing their marital status. The principle of justice as fairness requires that every individual, especially vulnerable groups, should receive equal opportunities and maximum protection under the law. However, the definition in the Human Rights Law, which excludes married children, creates injustice and contradicts the principle of non-discrimination outlined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). (2) The implication of the contradiction in the definition of a child's age between the Child Protection Law and the Human Rights Law in juvenile justice processes is the legal impact, leading to inconsistency in law enforcement by law enforcement officials. Legal theory highlights that the success of law enforcement is influenced by the alignment between the law, law enforcement officials, and society. In this case, the misalignment of legal definitions complicates the decision-making process for law enforcers in determining the status of a married child, which impacts the protection of their rights. Additionally, the theory of distributive justice emphasizes that the distribution of legal treatment should be proportional to the individual's needs. A married child still requires legal protection as a vulnerable age group, so the legal treatment should reflect this need  

Online rotating savings groups (arisan) are a form of activity involving numerous members with the purpose of periodic fund collection. In practice, these activities often give rise to various legal issues, one of which is the breach of obligations (wanprestasi) by members in fulfilling their payment commitments. Such breaches result in legal consequences that not only harm the involved parties but also have the potential to erode public trust in online rotating savings activities. One case that serves as the focus of this research is Decision Number 41/Pdt.G/2021/PN Pwd, which addresses the issue of breach of obligations within the E-Master online rotating savings group. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences arising from breaches of obligations by members in the payment of arisan contributions under civil law. Employing a normative juridical approach and case study method, this research underscores the importance of legal certainty in resolving disputes related to online rotating savings. Furthermore, it highlights the need for more specific legal regulations governing online rotating savings activities to safeguard the rights of all involved parties.

In the Temanggung District Court there are several lawsuits by Separatist Creditors against Debtors who are in default of the agreed credit agreement. For example in cases 13/Pdt.G/2023PNTmg and 17/Pdt.G/2022/PNTmg. In these cases, Separatist Creditors filed a lawsuit against the Debtor who is in default. In this article, the author discusses the lawsuit for default by Separatist Creditors against their Debtors who are in default and the reasons why Separatist Creditors filed a lawsuit against the Debtor who is in default at the Temanggung District Court using Qualitative research methods and with a Literature Study approach sourced from Case Decisions, Legislation, Journal Articles, and Books. Separatist Creditors have the right to sue Separatist Creditors who feel disadvantaged due to the Debtor's non-compliance in fulfilling payment obligations. However, despite having the right to sue and having suffered losses, the panel of judges emphasized that the Separatist Creditor should not have filed a lawsuit in court, but could have directly sold the existing collateral. This shows that the execution rights attached to the collateral are prioritized over the right to sue in court.

Land registration is an important part of Indonesia's land system that aims to provide legal certainty over land ownership rights. Although this system has been widely implemented, land disputes remain a significant problem in various regions, including in Bangka Belitung. This study aims to examine the role of land registration in providing legal security for land ownership rights in Bangka Belitung as well as the factors that cause land disputes despite land registration. Based on this research, it can be concluded that although land registration provides strong legal protection, there are still various factors that cause land disputes, such as inaccurate registration data, unauthorized transfer of rights, claims based on customary rights, and lack of public understanding of the importance of proper land registration. In addition, the implementation of a more transparent, accurate, and technology-based land registration as well as increased education to the community can help reduce land disputes in Bangka Belitung. This study suggests the importance of improving the land registration system and inclusive dispute resolution efforts, to ensure that land registration can be more effective in providing legal certainty and preventing future conflicts.

The aim of this research is to determine the pattern of parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region, and to determine the parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region from the perspective of the Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. This research is field research (Field Research). Field research is research that focuses on the context of individuals, groups, organizations, social situations and social interactions. Meanwhile, this research uses a normative juridical approach with the provisions of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002. This research uses two data sources, namely primary data in the form of data from interviews with research objects and secondary data in the form of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 and official documents related to this research. The results of the research show that the parenting patterns of families with disabled students in the Poncol area according to the Child Protection Law number 23 of 2002, some of them treat children correctly without taking or abusing the child's rights. So it can be concluded that there are still some who have not carried out their obligations as parents to care for, educate and protect their children. So, when parents do not fulfill their obligations, the child does not get full rights.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the urgency of personal data protection, especially in cases of corporate bankruptcy. Legal uncertainty regarding the status of personal data in bankruptcy assets poses privacy risks. This study examines regulatory gaps in the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law (UU KPKPU) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) concerning consumer personal data protection in bankrupt e-commerce companies. This research employs a normative juridical method by analyzing applicable legal norms. This approach reviews legislation, jurisprudence, and other legal documents to understand and evaluate the legal application of personal data protection in e-commerce bankruptcy. The study finds that personal data protection remains a legal obligation for bankrupt e-commerce companies under the UU PDP. However, legal gaps in the UU PDP and UU KPKPU regarding bankruptcy require regulatory harmonization to safeguard consumer privacy rights.

This research discusses legal protection for banks as providers of Home Ownership Credit (KPR) facilities at Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Cibubur Branch Office. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for banks in the event of default by the debtor, especially when the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights has not been attached to the collateral object due to administrative obstacles. One of the main obstacles is the validity period of the Power of Attorney to Encumber Mortgage Rights which has expired before the process of installing Mortgage Rights is completed. The main problems in this research include: (1) the procedure for granting mortgages at the BTN Cibubur Branch, (2) legal protection for banks if they fail to install Mortgage Rights, and (3) factors that cause delays in installing Mortgage Rights. This research uses an empirical juridical approach with qualitative methods, based on applicable laws and regulations. Data collection techniques include literature study, observation, and interviews. The research results show that BTN Cibubur Branch has carried out procedures according to operational standards and strengthened its legal protection through credit agreements and notarial deeds. However, the relevance of the Power of Attorney to Encumber Mortgage Rights needs to be reviewed, considering the length of the administration process at the National Land Agency.

This paper discusses in depth the regulation and implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 on Regional Government in Indonesia, as well as its impact on regional autonomy and the relationship between central and regional governments. This law serves as an essential foundation for more effective and efficient regional government management, but it also presents various challenges in its implementation. The issues raised in this research include challenges in applying the principles of decentralization and deconcentration, as well as the authority granted to regional governments in managing natural resources, public services, and other aspects related to regional autonomy. The aim of this research is to explore and analyze the legal aspects that influence the effectiveness of regional policies, using a normative legal approach and descriptive analysis. This research method involves an in-depth literature study, including an examination of existing regulations and analysis of relevant literature. The research findings indicate that although the Regional Government Law provides rights and authorities for regions to manage their own governmental affairs, there are several obstacles in its implementation. These obstacles include regulatory ambiguities, a lack of harmonization between implementing regulations, and issues in monitoring and evaluating the performance of regional governments. Furthermore, the relationship between central and regional governments often does not function optimally, resulting in uncertainties in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of each party. The conclusions drawn from this research emphasize the need for evaluation and adjustment of existing regulations, as well as the importance of better collaboration between central and regional governments. This is necessary to ensure that the goals of equitable and fair development can be achieved. The research also recommends the need for clearer and more integrated implementing regulations, as well as enhancing human resource capacity at the regional level to support effective policy implementation.

Examination of a criminal case in a judicial process essentially aims to find the material truth, namely the complete truth of a criminal case by applying the provisions of criminal procedural law honestly and in a timely manner with the aim of finding out who the perpetrator is who can be charged with committing something. violation of law. Making a post mortem et repertum gives the full duty to the doctor as an implementer in the field to assist the prosecutor in determining the direction of the charges that will be brought against the defendant, as well as assisting the judge in finding the material truth in deciding the criminal case. This research includes normative legal research, so the legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique for collecting legal materials that will be used as a source in this research is library research, namely collecting legal materials by reading statutory regulations, official documents, journals, articles from the internet, and other literature that is closely related to The issues discussed are based on secondary legal materials. The presence of the Pretrial Institution provides a warning that law enforcers must be careful in carrying out their legal actions and every legal action must be based on applicable legal provisions, meaning that they must be able to exercise restraint and distance themselves from arbitrary actions. Thus, it is clear that organizing pretrial proceedings is not an easy task considering that the activities of one law enforcement agency to assess and test the work patterns of other law enforcement agencies is definitely work that must be carried out carefully and mastering all law enforcement mechanisms. The judiciary in Indonesia, one of whose tasks is to examine laws against the constitution, is what we often call judicial review. This judicial review is carried out to protect the rights of citizens who feel disadvantaged by the enactment of a law. In this case, what concerns the author is the judicial review of article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which in this article is felt to be detrimental to someone who is designated as a suspect by investigators, because the article does not regulate the determination of suspects as pre-trial objects.

Pawn is one of the property rights obtained by a person who receives the goods—who provides credit—on a movable and tangible item that is handed over to him by a person who is in debt or by another person on his behalf. Pawning is a common phenomenon in many countries, especially in Indonesia. The regulations related to pawn are determined in the Civil Code, especially in Article 1150 of the Civil Code, and are further regulated in various additional articles in the Civil Code. Pawn requires the existence of two or more parties who are related to each other and agree to make a binding agreement with a certain period of time to receive and provide guarantees to an entity in return for a certain amount of money or other goods, which must then be returned in accordance with the agreement that has been made along with the surplus value that may arise as a result of added value or interest. This is an obligation that must be fulfilled by the party who owes, but the party who provides the credit also has a handful of obligations that must be fulfilled as a form of accountability for the pawned goods that are received and maintained for a certain period of time, for example, maintaining the pawned goods from potential damage or carrying out maintenance so that the pawned goods function properly. However, the party who provides the credit has the right to receive compensation or a refund of the maintenance costs incurred to maintain the pawned goods; this is regulated in Article 1157, Paragraph 2, of the Civil Code, which is a guarantee for every entity that provides credit to obtain its rights or compensation from efforts to "rescue" the pawned goods.

Narcotics abuse is a serious problem that threatens the security and welfare of society. This thesis aims to carry out a juridical analysis of the decision of the Mojokerto District Court Number 509/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Mjk, which handles narcotics abuse cases, with a focus on the Narcotics Law. This thesis examines how the decision provides justice to victims of narcotics abuse in Mojokerto. The analysis involves legal interpretation, legal considerations, and the impact of applying the article on the victim. Apart from that, this thesis also discusses the extent to which this decision can contribute to efforts to prevent narcotics abuse in society.The research method used is an empirical method with document analysis, which includes a study of Mojokerto District Court decisions, laws and related literature. The results of an in-depth analysis of the decision show an understanding of the rights and legal protection for victims of narcotics abuse, especially by detailing aspects related to Articles 112 and 114 of the Narcotics Law.The results of this research are as follows (1). The basis for the judge's decision is case Number 509/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Mjk which is articles 112 and 114 of the Narcotics Law. Where the judge decided on a criminal sentence of 9 years (2). The decision given by the judge was correct, based on articles 112 and 114 of the Narcotics Law. Namely a prison sentence of 9 years.  Articles 112 and 114 regulate criminal sanctions for narcotics abusers.

That housing and settlement development by private business entities is compatible with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or can also be called Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a sustainable development agenda initiated and agreed upon by the United Nations. Meanwhile, the construction of houses by individuals or individuals is very inconsistent with the programs or agendas set forth by the national and world governments. Of course, if we examine further, the development carried out by each person is very contrary to "participating in implementing world order" as described in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal issue of this normative legal research: What is the government's authority in the implementation of housing development? How is the legal protection for people or entities that organize housing development in Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas? The government's authority in the implementation of housing development includes policy regulation, implementation supervision, housing provision facilitation, inter- government coordination, community empowerment, and education. Through this authority, the government seeks to create a decent and sustainable residential environment for all levels of society. Legal protection for persons or entities that organize housing development is comprehensively regulated in Law No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas. Legal protection includes: 1. Community Rights. 2. Developer's Obligations. 3. Sanctions for Violations. 4. The Role of the Government.

Every worker as an Indonesian citizen has the desire to get a decent and prosperous life and get a decent job. A prosperous life can be achieved through the implementation of obligations as workers, the mandate is contained in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which states: "Every citizen has the right to work and a decent livelihood for humanity." And in Article 28D paragraph (2): "Everyone has the right to work and receive fair and proper remuneration and treatment in employment relations." The legal issue of this normative legal research: How are labor rights regulated? What is the wage policy for workers? The regulation of labor rights in the Job Creation Law, which is regulated in Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law, includes several important aspects that aim to provide certainty and protection for workers. The Job Creation Law stipulates certainty regarding rights and obligations for workers and companies, including arrangements regarding wages, working hours, and leave. The arrangement is expected to build a harmonious working relationship and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Wage policies, especially regulated in the Labor Law, have the purpose of protecting workers' rights and ensuring welfare. That regarding wage policies for workers in the form of minimum wages, wage components, protection of workers' rights and labor welfare.

The crime of molestation and sexual intercourse against children is an act that violates social norms of politeness, religion and decency. Article 28b paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia reads: "Every child has the right to survival, growth, and development and has the right to protection from violence and discrimination" The legal issue of this normative legal research: How is the criminal act of molestation and sexual intercourse against children regulated? What is the form of legal protection for children as victims of sexual acts and sexual intercourse? The crime of molestation is regulated in Articles 289 to 295 of the Criminal Code, Law No. 35 of 2014: It is an amendment to Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, which affirms the prohibition of violence or threats against children (Article 76E) and establishes prison sanctions of between 5 to 15 years for perpetrators (Article 82) and Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence. The form of legal protection for children as victims of criminal acts of molestation and sexual intercourse is Physical and Psychological Protection, Victims' children have the right to physical protection to ensure safety from the threat of the perpetrator, through the arrest of the perpetrator with sufficient preliminary evidence. Psychological protection is provided with rehabilitation, counseling, and psychosocial assistance during the legal process until recovery. 2. Confidentiality of the identity of the victim; 3. Legal and Social Assistance; 4. Restitution and Restoration of Rights; 5. Strict Law Enforcement.

Consumer dispute resolution in Indonesia is an increasingly relevant issue, considering the high dynamics of transactions that occur in the goods and services sector, including in the property sector. Consumers, as the weaker party in business transactions, often face problems related to the quality of goods/services received, delays, unilateral cancellations, or even failure in property development. Therefore, resolving consumer disputes is very important and requires adequate legal protection. This type of research is normative juridical research. Normative research is literature research by examining theoretical approaches and concepts that examine consumer disputes. Normative juridical research is legal research that places law as a building system of norms. Problems arise when consumers in good faith have paid all Down Payment obligations, but the business actor actually takes a unilateral decision to cancel the apartment construction project. Consumers who have invested funds amounting to IDR 307,530,900 are trying to get a refund, but the business actor does not show responsiveness and good faith in the refund process. This situation finally forced consumers to take legal action by filing a lawsuit with BPSK Medan City on December 5 2022. This case is a clear example of the application of consumer protection and the importance of BPSK as an alternative for resolving disputes outside of court. This decision also reflects the principles of justice and legal certainty in consumer disputes, where agreed consumers can obtain their rights through an arbitration mechanism.

Law Number 15 of 2019 in Article 58, Article 85 and Article 91 contains authority that must be carried out by ministries or institutions that carry out government affairs in the field of Legislation Formation. Until early 2025, the government has not formed the ministry or institution in question. The legal issue of this normative legal research: What is the form of regulation of harmonization, rounding, and consolidation of the conception of the Draft Regional Regulation? What is the authority of the ministry in harmonizing, rounding, and consolidating the conception of the Draft Regional Regulation? The arrangement of harmonizing, rounding, and consolidating the conception of the Draft Regional Regulation involves a series of steps that are structured and regulated by laws and regulations. Harmonization is the process of harmonizing and unifying draft regulations so that there is no conflict with existing regulations. Coordination, For the Draft Regional Regulations that come from the Regional People's Representative Council, harmonization is coordinated by the fittings of the Regional People's Representative Council that handles the field of legislation. The authority of the ministry in harmonizing, rounding, and consolidating the conception of the Draft Regional Regulation is rooted in Article 18 paragraph (6) of the 1945 Constitution which states that local governments have the right to establish regional regulations, which are the implementation of regional autonomy. Article 236 of Law Number 23 of 2014 emphasizes that regional regulations must be prepared as an elaboration of higher laws and regulations. Since the promulgation of Law Number 15 of 2019, there has been a significant change in the authority to harmonize the Draft Regional Regulations.

Juvenile criminal justice in Indonesia is an important aspect of the justice system that focuses on protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law. One of the efforts regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) is diversity, which aims to prevent children from the judicial process that can harm their future. This study aims to analyze the protection of children's rights in the criminal justice process, as well as the implementation of diversity in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through literature studies and interviews with various related parties, such as judges, prosecutors, and community counselors. The results of the study indicate that although there are efforts to protect children's rights in criminal justice, the implementation of diversity still faces a number of challenges, including a lack of understanding among law enforcement officers, limited facilities, and a mismatch between policies and practices in the field. This study suggests the need to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers and other stakeholders in understanding and implementing diversity efforts optimally, as well as the need for policy evaluation to improve the effectiveness of child protection in criminal justice.

Background Sexual health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or disability in all matters relating to sexuality. While reproductive rights are the right to achieve optimal sexual and reproductive health standards. Including the right to make decisions regarding reproduction without discrimination and violence. Complete information and also the instillation of religious values and norms can be provisions to prevent sexual crimes against children and adolescents (reproductive health, 2020). The purpose of this community service program (PKM) is to improve human resources in terms of being a means of developing knowledge of fertile couples for excellent efforts to prevent menstrual cycle disorders in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District in 2024 and the establishment of a reproductive health clinic for fertile women. The methods used include 3 stages: 1. Preparation stage At this stage, an official letter process is carried out for activity permits. 2. Implementation stage The second stage is implementation. In each session, before the education, a pretest questionnaire was given, after all participants filled out the questionnaire, the educational material presentation session began, after the counseling, a posttest was given by giving a questionnaire. Stage 3 is the evaluation of the counseling activities through a knowledge questionnaire. For this knowledge variable, a pretest and posttest assessment were carried out. Results Based on the results of the implementation of community service for WUS in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatra Province, the average knowledge score before being given education (pretest) was 59.02 while after being given education (posttest) it increased to 79.99. Based on the results of statistical tests with a P value: 0.001

Regulations regarding copyright protection in Indonesia are contained in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright which was enacted during the leadership of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The law is a replacement for Law No. 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright and is a follow-up to Presidential Instruction Number 11 of 2011 which mandates the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to be responsible for economic development specifically in the field of copyright. The author can convey that the character of this legal product is responsive to the fulfillment of community aspirations, both individuals and various social groups, so that it is relatively more capable of reflecting a sense of justice in society compared to the previous Law, namely Law No. 19 of 2002. However, related to the enforcement of the Copyright Law, there are still obstacles, from the law enforcement instruments to the culture in society which basically prioritizes communal values.