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Language is one of the fundamental aspects of human life that functions as a means of communication and cultural identity. In the context of education, the influence of cultural language on the use of Indonesian is an interesting phenomenon to study, especially in the vocational school environment of SMKN 1 Rancabali. This study aims to analyze how cultural language influences the use of Indonesian among students and the implications of this phenomenon are the ability to speak good and correct Indonesian, the research method used is a qualitative approach with interview techniques and direct observation in the field. The results of the study show that students at SMKN 1 Rancabali use regional languages in everyday conversation, especially in informal situations. In an academic context, students tend to switch to Indonesian, although there are still elements of regional languages that are carried over. Awareness of the importance of mastering Indonesian arises when students are in the school environment, such as when interacting in public places.

This study investigates the role of Christian public theology in advancing social transformation, with particular emphasis on social justice, intercommunal solidarity, and sustainable development. Employing a qualitative methodology grounded in critical literature review, the research explores the engagement of public theology with the prevailing contexts of multiculturalism, globalisation, and popular culture. The findings reveal that public theology functions as a vital bridge between Christian faith—which proclaims Jesus Christ as the sole Saviour and restorer of creation—and tangible societal change within both private and public spheres. The study underscores the distinctive character of Christian public theology as an authentic and contextual agent of transformation, upholding the integrity of the Gospel message.

In today's competitive and dynamic business world, budgeting is no longer viewed solely as an administrative tool but has evolved into a crucial strategic instrument for organizational planning and decision-making. This study aims to explore the strategic role of budgeting in supporting the achievement of organizational goals, particularly through the alignment of short-term and long-term strategies. The method used is a literature study by examining various financial management theories and budgeting practices in several industrial sectors. The results of the study indicate that strategic budgeting can provide clear direction in resource allocation, organizational priority setting, and performance evaluation. In addition to being a control tool, the budget also functions to strengthen coordination between work units and support data-based decision-making. The participation of various stakeholders in the budgeting process plays a crucial role in increasing accountability, transparency, and a sense of ownership in achieving organizational goals. The integration of budget and strategy enables organizations to be more adaptive and responsive to the dynamics of the external environment. Thus, a flexible and participatory budgeting approach is essential so that the budget is not merely a static document but also a dynamic tool in supporting sustainable competitive advantage. This research concludes that strategically oriented budgeting significantly contributes to organizational effectiveness and success in achieving long-term goals.

Employee performance is a crucial aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability, productivity, and competitiveness of a company, including in the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector. Optimal performance levels not only impact the achievement of company targets but also influence customer satisfaction and business churn. One factor believed to be able to improve employee performance is the provision of rewards and motivation. Rewards can be financial or non-financial, which serve as a form of company appreciation for employee contributions. Meanwhile, motivation functions as an internal driver that raises work enthusiasm to achieve the best results. This study aims to analyze the effect of rewards and motivation on employee performance at the Nasi Kulit Syuurga MSME. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population of 32 employees were used as respondents. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire, and the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that rewards have a significant influence on employee performance. This indicates that appropriate recognition can improve work quality and productivity. However, motivation partially did not have a significant effect on employee performance, which is likely caused by other factors such as working conditions, organizational culture, or suboptimal job satisfaction. Nevertheless, rewards and motivation have been shown to simultaneously contribute to improved employee performance. This finding underscores the importance of designing an effective reward system, coupled with more targeted motivation strategies, to enable MSMEs to retain high-performing employees and increase their competitiveness.

Islamic religious education not only functions to shape the faith and morals of students, but also has a strategic role in encouraging independence and economic empowerment of the community. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic religious education in Padangsidimpuan District. Hutaimbaru , Contribution of economic empowerment to the Hutaimbaru community , as well as supporting and inhibiting factors of economic empowerment for the Hutaimbaru community . This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research subjects include religious leaders, educators or instructors of Islamic Religious Education, community leaders, and micro-entrepreneurs who were selected purposively based on their involvement in religious and economic activities. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation as supporting data. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, with data validity maintained through triangulation techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic religious education plays a role in instilling the values of hard work, honesty, responsibility, and entrepreneurial spirit which are the foundation for strengthening the people's economy. Optimization is carried out through religious studies, religious guidance, social preaching, and strengthening Islamic economic values in everyday life. Obstacles faced include limited capital, low business skills, and less than optimal sustainable mentoring. Therefore, synergy is needed between educational institutions, religious leaders, and the government to strengthen the economic empowerment of the people based on Islamic values.

The authors of the article have chosen a company acting as an agent for a container shipping line because the company seeks to decrease its service failures and reduce the chaotic nature of its activities by systematizing them from a scientific point of view and refining its operations at the managerial level. Employees of the company are responsible for activities such as a search for customers, price offers, contacting clients, the conclusion of contracts, coordination of cargo transportation, document control, invoicing and payment control. Proper execution of these operations ensures the quality of services provided by the container line agent. The learning organization concept, situational management theory and total quality management theory are applicable to the management of the personnel activity process in the line. In terms of management functions, planning is more suitable for activities such as searching for customers, price offers, conclusion of contracts and invoicing; organizing is more required when searching for customers, contacting them and concluding contracts; leading is more suitable for activities such as contact with clients, conclusion of contracts and payment control; control is more required when contacting customers, coordinating cargo transportation, invoicing and controlling payment. A conceptual approach that theoretically reveals the principles and possibilities of the company’s activities in the container shipping line can serve as the basis for future empirical research to identify problems in its personnel activity management.

Dyslexia is not a disorder that occurs due to a person's physical disability but rather refers to the brain that functions as a processor, dyslexia is a nerve disorder that is useful in language processing that makes sufferers have difficulty in identifying words. The purpose of this study is to identify and also describe the appropriate handling and strategies applied by educators in helping dyslexic students who have difficulty reading at the beginning with symptoms that usually occur, namely sufferers will be slow and hesitant in speaking, and difficulty in choosing the right words to express the meaning they want to convey, so the spelling method is used as a strategy to overcome it, which is a way of learning to read that starts from spelling letter by letter. The strategy of using this spelling method is indeed the most suitable to use, proven by the experience of several people who have handled dyslexic and also previous studies that present a comparison between before and after applying this method, and the results obtained show that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes after applying this spelling method.

Oka Jamur Bali is one of the oyster mushroom cultivation farmers. Lack of efficiency in regulating temperature and humidity in mushroom barns is an important factor in the growth of mushroom fruiting bodies. This condition requires an innovative solution to regulate and monitor temperature and humidity in the barn area. This research aims to build a prototype using Arduino UNO, ESP32, DHT11, pump and Internet of Things (IoT) technology.  The monitoring system design uses Arduino UNO, NodeMCU ESP32, DHT11 and DC pump with 12V voltage. Arduino UNO functions as a control system to manage and control the temperature and humidity parameters of the mushroom barn environment with the DHT11 sensor used to accurately measure temperature and humidity. The combination of NodeMCU ESP32 and Arduino UNO aims for monitoring through the ThingSpeak platform which can be accessed with a smartphone connected to the internet network. Based on the results of the prototype of the automatic temperature and humidity control system, the system is able to measure the environmental conditions of the mushroom barn with humidity measurement results in the range of 79% - 82% and the average temperature during the test reached 29.35°C. The application of the system was able to reduce the temperature by 2.28% with an average temperature of 28.19°C and increase the relative humidity by 6.27% with an average humidity of 81.1% in the mushroom barn area. The results of income between the income generated by using the automatic temperature and humidity control system tool and the income of farmers without using the tool increased by Rp. 16,416.

Since the time of the archipelago, Acehnese culture has maintained a rich and intricate cultural legacy. Due to its advantageous position and status as a commerce route, Acehnese culture was influenced by the cultures of many of the traders that passed through. The purpose of this study is to learn about Acehnese culture from a social and physical standpoint. The information gained from this study's findings will undergo qualitative analysis. With the help of interview rules, this data collecting method is conducted by asking informants questions directly and verbally (face-to-face). In order to generate qualitative data, researchers perform qualitative analysis by giving a detailed and understandable explanation of the problem information. Based on the outcomes of interviews conducted by researchers, the Acehnese tribal community has similarities between physical and social behavior that are still applied in everyday life which are usually presented at traditional events, religious celebrations and cultural celebrations and the Acehnese tribal community is also famous for its traditional traditions and strong religion and highly upheld norms that are still applied in everyday life. These norms include Islamic religious norms, legal norms originating from the Islamic Religion and the 1945 Constitution, politeness norms in dressing in accordance with Islamic teachings, moral norms that closely related to Islamic teachings, and social norms such as courtesy, mutual respect, mutual cooperation and mutual assistance. In this research, it can be concluded that the Acehnese people who live around Medan Tembung sub-district, Medan city, actually still adhere to several norms which are an integral part of their identity and daily life. And also has customs. Social practices and traditions that have been maintained for generations by the Acehnese people reflect the richness of their culture and spirituality. And the Acehnese language not only functions as a means of communication, but also as a symbol of regional identity and pride for the Acehnese people

To maintain order the and continuity of democracy in Indonesia, legal and constitutional stability are essential. This article discusses the strategic functions of state institutions, including the executive, legislative, and judiciary, in ensuring the supremacy of law and constitutionalism. This paper investigates how cooperation between state institutions can strengthen a stable legal system that is responsive to socio-political changes using qualitative methodologies, such as desk studies and analysis of laws and regulations. This paper also emphasizes that state institutions face political pressure, regulatory inconsistencies, and interventions in the law enforcement process. This study offers policy suggestions to improve institutional capacity in maintaining legal and constitutional stability by comparing practices in other democratic countries. These study expected to help strengthennof Indonesian constitutional system to more than responsive to advances while maintaining the supremacy of law and democracy.

This study examines the intersection of sentiment discourse in news texts and user comments on Facebook Detikcom, focusing on government policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research explores institutional discourse in news articles that align with government narratives, while user comments reflect a spectrum of responses, from support to opposition. Using qualitative content analysis, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) and sentiment analysis to examine linguistic strategies, ideological framing, and sentiment polarity. The data were taken from news texts and the comment section on Facebook Detikcom, collected through documentation and following several stages of observation, careful reading, selection, and classification. The findings show that social media transforms news consumption into a participatory discourse. This indicates that traditional narratives are challenged and reinterpreted by users. Sentiment clustering and engagement metrics further shape the visibility and influence of competing ideologies. This study contributes to digital discourse research by demonstrating that sentiment functions as an ideological tool in crisis communication. The analysis also highlights the evolving role of social media in public discourse and emphasizes the need for critical engagement with online news narratives and user-generated content.

The research departs from the phenomenon of the development of Islamic boarding school education models with varying names and styles. Islamic boarding schools are faced with two important problems in adapting to the demands of the times, namely the problem of developing Islamic boarding school governance without abandoning tradition and the Islamic boarding school's identity in producing a generation with good morals. The research objectives are to identify the management of Sufistic curriculum development in Islamic boarding schools including; 1) Curriculum planning, 2) Curriculum organization, 3) Curriculum implementation, 4) Curriculum evaluation and 5) Impact of Islamic boarding school management in developing the Sufistic curriculum at Al-Istiqomah Islamic Boarding School and Al-Falah Biru Islamic Boarding School, Garut Regency. The research framework departs from George R. Terry's (1973) management theory, namely four management functions, namely: 1) Planning, 2) Organizing, 3) Actuating, 4) Controlling. The curriculum theory uses the Ralph W curriculum development model. Tyler curriculum development is carried out in systematic stages, namely; Objectives, Selecting Learning Experiences, Organizing Learning Experiences, Evaluation. Developing the Islamic boarding school curriculum has an impact on the morals of the students, as according to Sheikh Musthafa Al-Ghalayini, the implications of Sufistic moral values contribute to shaping behavior. This study uses a qualitative approach using the Ethnography method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations and documentation analysis. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. While the validity test is carried out with data validity by conducting tests; credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study found that the management of the development of the Islamic boarding school curriculum in preparing a generation with Sufi morals: First, the Islamic boarding school curriculum is included in the traditionalist model of the school, namely by showing its traditional and school character. Second, the organization of the curriculum content consists of the contents of the curriculum, data, concepts, generalizations, and subject matter at the Islamic Boarding School. Third, Curriculum development is categorized as a grass roots model where there are initiatives and efforts coming from below, namely ustadz and Islamic boarding schools in developing a curriculum that is designed by themselves to produce a generation with Sufi morals. Fourth, Curriculum evaluation refers to the Objective Model Evaluation model (objective model) carried out at the end of curriculum development, this assessment activity is often called summative evaluation. Fifth, The impact of curriculum management on the level of morals is shown by the nature of istiqomah, self-control, prioritizing Islamic and basyariyah brotherhood, tolerance, honesty, sincerity, istiqomah, patience, gratitude, politeness and helping each other. Sixth, Traditionalist Hypothetical Management Model of the School.

This study aims to analyze the design of Indonesian horror film posters through Pierre Bourdieu's sociological lens. The main focus of the study is to understand how the visual elements in the poster reflect the social dynamics, culture, and structure of the film industry. By using the concepts of habitus, capital (cultural, symbolic, economic), field, doxa, and social reproduction, this study reveals that the design of horror film posters not only functions as a promotional tool, but also as a medium that reproduces local cultural values ​​and community beliefs about the supernatural world. Elements such as traditional ghosts such as genderuwo, kuntilanak and mystical symbols such as keris, offerings, then there are dark colors, and a scary atmosphere reflect the habits of audiences who are familiar with local myths. This study also shows that horror film posters reproduce stereotypes about the relationship between humans and the supernatural world, and strengthen the hierarchy of spiritual power through visual symbols. These findings confirm the relevance of Bourdieu's theory in understanding cultural phenomena through visual media. This study is expected to provide new insights for filmmakers, graphic designers, and students in understanding the interaction between culture, aesthetics, and the film industry.

KUD Plongkowati Timur is located at Jalan Godong-Karangrayung, Grobogan Regency, which apart from operating in the savings and loan business unit, is also a distributor of fertilizer products produced by PT. Petrokima Gresik and PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang. In running the fertilizer distributor business unit at KUD Plongkowati Timur, the process of recording purchase and sales transactions is not carried out using an integrated system in the database, all data is still recorded conventionally by the administration section, while the administration section's computer functions to create reports which are copied from notes provided by cashier so that data security is not guaranteed because the database is not yet integrated. Based on the problems that exist in the East Plongkowati KUD, the author would like to propose a design of a Fertilizer Inventory application system to be taken into consideration in helping speed up the process of recording purchase and sales transactions and can provide the information needed by the East Plongkowati KUD, Grobogan Regency in the form of purchase reports, sales reports, reports. suppliers, customer reports. So the design of the fertilizer inventory information system uses the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programming language with a database from Microsoft Access 2007 and the design of reports from Crystal Report 7. It is hoped that making this application can be one of the efforts that can be made to overcome problems that often occur so that it can increase work effectiveness which of course will have an impact on improving the quality of service to customers.

This study analyzes the role of i'rab in translating mubtada’-khobar and fi’il-fa’il structures from Arabic into Indonesian. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis, this research examines how i'rab, as a system of final vowel changes in Arabic, influences grammatical and semantic functions in the translation process. The theoretical review focuses on the concept of i'rab according to Ibn Ajurrum and Eugene Nida's dynamic equivalence theory, which emphasizes the importance of accurately transferring meaning and grammatical structure. The literature review method involves collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources from classical Arabic grammar books, previous research, and modern translation theories. The data is analyzed comparatively to identify effective translation patterns in adapting Arabic syntactic structures into Indonesian. The findings indicate that a deep understanding of i'rab plays a crucial role in translation, especially since Indonesian does not have a similar system. To convey the grammatical information embedded in i'rab, translators must adjust word order, use pronouns, or adapt sentence structures. This article provides new insights into how i'rab affects Arabic-Indonesian translation and its implications for improving translation skills.

Discipline is one of the important values in the world of education that contributes to the order and responsibility of students in academic and social life. This study aims to analyze the implementation of discipline values through Dhuha prayer activities at MI Islamiyah Palangka Raya. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that Dhuha prayer plays a role in shaping student discipline, which is reflected in the habit of coming on time, regularity in worship, compliance with rules, and politeness and courtesy. In addition, this activity increases students' mental readiness in learning, making them more focused, patient, and enthusiastic in facing academic tasks. The role of teachers as role models and mentors is very influential in the success of this program, supported by the involvement of parents who ensure that students participate in activities consistently. Synergy between schools, teachers, and parents contributes to the sustainability of the program, so that disciplinary values can be effectively instilled. Thus, Dhuha prayer not only functions as worship, but also becomes a means of forming the discipline character of students who are responsible and have a high work ethic.

In Indonesia, restorative justice has begun to receive serious attention, as evidenced by the issuance of several regulations to support its implementation. One of these is the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law, which incorporates the spirit of restorative justice into efforts to resolve cases involving children through the Diversion mechanism. However, despite the existence of supporting regulations, the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia still faces various challenges. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of fulfilling restorative justice in Indonesia. The research results indicate that there are still several shortcomings in the enforcement of restorative justice. Additionally, there is a need for an institution capable of overseeing the implementation of non-litigation processes. The Witness and Victim Protection Agency is considered to have a strong position to act as a supervisor for restorative justice due to its alignment with its duties and functions.

Social media marketing expands market reach through platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok, while video marketing displays products more attractively on TikTok, Instagram Reels, or YouTube to increase customer engagement. Social media analytics functions to analyze customer data, measure campaign effectiveness, and optimize promotional strategies to be more targeted. This research used a quantitative method with 100 samples from Medan Selayang District using the cluster sampling method. The research results show that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on increasing sales (t-statistics 6.249 > 1.66, p-values ​​0.000), while video marketing has no significant effect (t-statistics 0.784 < 1.66, p-values ​​0.433). Social media analytics has a positive and significant influence (t-statistics 2.589 > 1.66, p-values ​​0.010). Adjusted R-Square of 0.482 shows that 48.2% of the variation in the increase in MSME sales is explained by these three variables, while 51.8% is influenced by other factors outside this research.

This study aims to analyze the Increase in Village Apparatus Capacity on the Level of Community Satisfaction with Administrative Services in Kundi Village (Special Study of Kundi Village, Simpang Teritip District, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province). The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the capacity of village heads and Village Apparatus on the Level of Community Satisfaction with Administrative Services in Kundi Village, Simpang Teritip District, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The capacity of the Village Head and Village Apparatus of Kundi is seen from three indicators, namely, skills, abilities and quality of human resources. The research used a qualitative approach. The research informants numbered 11 people with 1 person as a key informant. Data collection techniques used interview techniques (based on interview guidelines), observation and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of the study on the skill indicator, the Kundi Village Apparatus has carried out its duties and functions skillfully. On the ability indicator, the Kundi Village Apparatus has been able to manage data well and in accordance with the rules with community expectations. In the human resource quality indicator, the Kundi Village Apparatus has been able to describe the level of community welfare. This shows that there is an increase in the capacity of the Kundi Village apparatus compared to the previous year. The Kundi Village Apparatus has been equipped with training and education that supports the increase in capacity.

The hotel industry is a service sector that relies heavily on the quality of human resources, so internal communication has a central role in maintaining smooth operations and improving staff performance. This study examines the implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) communication through the General Manager Table Program at XHotel Mojokerto, which is designed as a medium for direct dialogue between management and employees. The program aims to accelerate the distribution of information, accommodate the aspirations of staff, and build more open and effective two-way communication. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study participants included General Managers, HRD, and hotel staff who participated in the program for a six-month period in 2025. Data analysis was carried out with reference to Mintzberg's organizational communication theory, which emphasizes the managerial role in the functions of monitoring, information dissemination, facilitation, and negotiation. The results of the study show that the General Manager Table Program contributes positively to the effectiveness of internal communication. Through this program, HRD not only plays the role of conveying information, but also as a dialogue facilitator that encourages active employee involvement. The program has been proven to improve communication transparency, speed up conflict resolution, and strengthen a sense of belonging among staff. The impact can be seen in increasing motivation, discipline, and more consistent work performance, while strengthening the harmonious relationship between management and employees in the work environment. The implication of this research is the need for sustainability and the development of similar programs as innovative HRD communication strategies. The application of this model can be a reference in building a positive work culture that supports productivity, service quality, and competitiveness of the hospitality industry amid global dynamics.