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The church is a living community of believers gathered by Christ into a "flock". Shepherding people in the Church has an important meaning as part of the pastoral tradition from the time of Jesus to the present. The task of shepherding comes from the mandate of Jesus himself as the Good Shepherd. Shepherding is considered important in meeting the spiritual and material needs of the people as well as maintaining togetherness and brotherhood in the Church community. Writing this article uses a descriptive qualitative approach using the library study method which is carried out by collecting various writings, both in print media, theses, articles, journals, papers, etc. that are relevant to the material discussed in this article. Furthermore, the shepherding of the people is manifested in pastoral presence, where the presence of the shepherd in the midst of the people becomes a symbol of Christ's presence and provides attention, care and love to the people. The synodal church which was revived by Pope Francis was highlighted as a movement to create a community that walks together towards salvation, with the active participation of all people and the important role of pastoral officers as representatives of Christ who guide and accompany the people. In conclusion, shepherding and pastoral presence play a vital role in guiding, maintaining and strengthening the faith and brotherhood of people in the Church community who walk together towards the salvation promised by the Father.

The church is a living community of believers gathered by Christ into a "flock". Shepherding people in the Church has an important meaning as part of the pastoral tradition from the time of Jesus to the present. The task of shepherding comes from the mandate of Jesus himself as the Good Shepherd. Shepherding is considered important in meeting the spiritual and material needs of the people as well as maintaining togetherness and brotherhood in the Church community. Writing this article uses a descriptive qualitative approach using the library study method which is carried out by collecting various writings, both in print media, theses, articles, journals, papers, etc. that are relevant to the material discussed in this article. Furthermore, the shepherding of the people is manifested in pastoral presence, where the presence of the shepherd in the midst of the people becomes a symbol of Christ's presence and provides attention, care and love to the people. The synodal church which was revived by Pope Francis was highlighted as a movement to create a community that walks together towards salvation, with the active participation of all people and the important role of pastoral officers as representatives of Christ who guide and accompany the people. In conclusion, shepherding and pastoral presence play a vital role in guiding, maintaining and strengthening the faith and brotherhood of people in the Church community who walk together towards the salvation promised by the Father.

This article examines the Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation, revealed through an analysis of his letters in the New Testament. Paul had main goals, including building unity in diversity, teaching attitudes of love and forgiveness, advancing the principles of faith as a connector, encouraging attitudes of tolerance, and spreading the teachings of Christ inclusively. This article explains how Paul guides the Christian community to live in harmony, respect, and embrace diversity in the Christian faith.

This paper explores the interplay between faith and reason within the Catholic intellectual tradition. It revisits foundational works of Thomas Aquinas and Augustine to provide a framework for understanding knowledge acquisition through divine revelation and rational inquiry. The article also addresses contemporary challenges in integrating faith with scientific advancements and secular ideologies.  

This article explores the Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation as the key to building harmony in the faith life of the Christian community. Through analysis of Paul's letters, this study discusses the main concepts proposed by Paul, including unity in diversity, attitudes of love, forgiveness, and inclusiveness. The focus of the study is on Paul's efforts to form a theological and practical foundation for Christians to be able to live in harmony, understand differences, and establish inclusive relationships. This study also explores how Paul's views remain relevant in the context of diversity and social challenges faced by Christians in the modern era.

Aqidah is a principle of faith that has been established by Allah SWT. And we as human beings are obliged to believe in it in order to be worthy of being called believers. But that does not mean that faith is dogmatically instilled in humans, because the process of faith must be accompanied by aqli postulates. But because human reason is limited, not everything that can be trusted can be perceived and achieved by human reason. Scholars agree that the aqli proposition can indeed give birth to strong faith and faith. While the naqli postulate that can produce the desired belief is only the qath'i postulate. This short article presents some discussions that may be useful for those who want to understand the aqidah.

This research aims to explore theological views on apostasy in the context of Christianity. Apostasy is defined as an act of rejection of one's faith and religious teachings, with a focus on serious spiritual consequences. The main source of insight is the Bible, which provides strong warnings against apostasy, highlighting specific passages such as Hebrews 6:4-6. This verse reflects the theological view that for those who consciously abandon the Christian faith, repentance may no longer be possible. This view reflects the serious spiritual consequences that can separate an individual from the presence of God. Although the Bible provides a strong warning against apostasy, the theological perspective also highlights God's grace and forgiveness. The Bible shows that repentance is always open to those who sincerely desire to return to God. In Luke 15:7, Jesus emphasizes the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, providing hope that despite the seriousness of the apostasy, God always provides a way for repentance and restoration of a spiritual relationship with Him. Overall, the theological view of apostasy reflects a balance between stern warnings about the spiritual consequences and God's gracious mercy that is always open to those who return to Him.

In this paper, we try to reflect on one of the important aspects of the Church's faith, namely the essential belief in the Trinity: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. In particular, we will reflect on the universal Church's faith in the Holy Spirit. Although this article is very limited, we would like to make an important contribution to the relationship between the Holy Spirit in the life of the Trinity and the life of the Church. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the works of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) on the relationship of the Holy Spirit as the Spirit of the Communion of the Father and the Son and the relationship of the Holy Spirit with the Church. In other words, we will find an unbroken continuity, an inseparable, organic dynamic between the Holy Spirit as the Spirit of the Trinity and the role of the Holy Spirit as the Principle of Communion in the Church.

This article will discuss the role of "debata" theology of calling within the context of Christian faith in Batak society, Indonesia. "Debata" theology of calling refers to the teachings and customary traditions of the Batak people that regulate the duties, responsibilities, and obligations of individuals within the community. This article will analyze how "debata" theology of calling influences the practices and perceptions of the Christian faith among the Batak community. The literature sources utilized in this article include research, books, and papers related to Christian theology and Batak culture.

Oaths play a crucial role in human life, particularly in religious and cultural aspects. This paper elucidates the concept of oaths as an endeavor to bolster the veracity of a statement by invoking sacred entities such as God. In Israeli culture, oaths are regarded seriously and involve the name of God, with the threat of divine punishment if the oath is breached. Challenges for Christians arise when they encounter the influences of local culture and traditions, such as the Tippu’ Sasa oath ritual of the Mentawai tribe, which contradicts biblical teachings. Therefore, a profound understanding of oaths and the challenges of maintaining the sanctity of the Christian faith amidst local culture becomes imperative. This underscores that oaths are not merely verbal acts but also reflect profound spiritual commitments, serving as the foundation for a meaningful and responsible life.

A pluralistic society is an Indonesian society characterized by a diversity of social units based on race, ethnicity, custom, culture and religion. A pluralistic society is a characteristic of the Indonesian people who have the same or different origins, especially differences in ethnicity, religion, customs, and different interests. Christian religious education is very important in the life of a pluralistic society. The role of Christian religious education, first sir leads to openness, secondly sir leads to spiritual sir leads to faith independence sir leads to social sir as a means of evangelism. This study uses a type of qualitative research with a literature study approach. Through this research it is known that the role of Christian religious education is very important in a pluralistic society.

The lack of regulation regarding the position of a memorandum of understanding often causes disputes between the parties who make it. The position of the memorandum of understanding is very important because it affects the legal consequences. The position can be studied through several aspects, namely based on classical and contemporary contract law theories, the Civil Code, civil law and common law legal systems, and UNIDROIT arrangements. The result of this research is that Indonesia tends to adhere to classical contract law theory by adhering to Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Furthermore, as a civil state (not fully), Indonesia regulates good faith in the nomenclature of legislation, namely Article 1338 (3) and 1965, but has not specifically regulated the good faith of the memorandum of understanding. Indonesia has also ratified UNIDROIT, so that the memorandum of understanding needs to be adjusted to the principles of good faith and fair dealing contained in Article 1.7 of UNIDROIT.    

Education in schools is often perceived as a process that limits individual freedom. Therefore, the educational process is considered incapable of changing the individual. Instead, education tends to be a tool to maintain existing social structures and tends to meet only the needs of industry. This study aims to analyze the process of implementing the Islamic Montessori method in instilling the values of Islamic education in the South Tangerang Kiswah School, as well as explaining the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the Islamic Montessori method in instilling the values of Islamic education in the South Tangerang Kiswah School. This study uses a type of qualitative research, with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that: 1)The implementation of the Islamic Montessori method in instilling the values of Islamic education is carried out by instilling the values of faith, worship and morals that are adapted to the learning areas in the Islamic Montessori method. 2) Factors that influence the inculcation of Islamic educational values through the Islamic Montessori method in Kiswah Schools, namely: supporting factors (teachers as educators and facilitators, school environment, parents, and friends), and inhibiting factors (self and environment family).

The purpose of this article is to find out how to change environmental legal policy into environmental law into the Job Creation Law and to find out the appropriate efforts to address changes in environmental legal policy from the environmental protection perspective of the Job Creation Law. The research method presented in this article uses a normative legal approach, namely descriptive analysis. The results of the study in the article show that the concept of environmental law has become a legal policy that activates various instruments that regulate environmental problems in Indonesia, both regulatory and planning instruments. Finally, the aim of environmental legal policy is to ensure the implementation of sustainability in Indonesia from an environmental perspective. Efforts that must be made to address changes in environmental legal policy from the environmental protection perspective of the Job Creation Law are: 1) Simplification of permits; 2) Strict responsibility and 3);Restrictions on environmental rights. These three things cannot be taken lightly, so as not to have the worst impact on the quality of the environment. The Job Creation Law and its derivatives already existed until legal action was taken to revoke them. This is an important consideration where the Government must continue to develop good faith partnerships with the community to implement the Work and its consequential provisions.

At first, the Khawarij emerged on the scene of kalam thought from a political point of view, as they disagreed with Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan's approach to resolving Muslim disputes by arbitration (tahkim). However, later kalam thought developed in a theological direction. The Khawarij argued that resolving Muslim conflicts through tahkim violated God's law and was a great sin, so the blood of those who did tahkim was halal. Their attitudes and behavior were influenced by Khawarij teachings, including the issue of the position of caliph, mu'amalah among non-Khawarij Muslims, and zuhud and worship. In addition to beliefs such as understanding the nature of faith and tawhid, Allah's promises and threats, the Qur'an is a creature, and takwil and qiyas are also the basis of their actions. Historically, Khawarij split into various sects such as Azariqah, Shufriyah and Ibadhiyah. This paper will discuss the historical issues of the emergence of Khawarij, teachings and sects in Khawarij.  

The Lauran Sacred Heart Quasi-Parish has held its first pastoral deliberation. This activity aims to provide an understanding of the direction of the pastoral vision of the Diocese of Amboina, reflect on the faith of the participants, and produce plans and recommendations for forming a definitive parish. This research is descriptive qualitative research carried out using the literature study method. The aim of the research is to provide an overview of church independence in relation to the pastoral vision of the Diocese of Amboina. The research results show that there is a relationship between the idea of ​​establishing a definitive parish and the pastoral vision of the Amboina Diocese. It is hoped that this research will provide positive implications in preparing the design and recommendations for the Lauran Sacred Heart quasi-parish to become a definitive parish.

The community service activity entitled "Use of social media as a means of communication, information, documentation and promotion in the Blessings of Faith herbal drink business" aims to implement the university's tridharma, namely Community Service. The purpose of this activity is to provide information regarding the use of social media Instagram for small businesses and provide training on the use of Instagram so that its use can later be implemented in marketing activities for the red blessing red ginger business. The method used in this activity is direct observation of the Red Blessings Faithful ginger business by conducting direct interviews and documenting product photos and product manufacture which are then uploaded to Instagram media. The final result of this service is the use of social media Instagram as a medium for communication, information, documentation and means of promoting each product produced and activities discussed by the Ginger Berkah Setia business unit including images and supporting information

The globalization that has occurred today has given rise to various changes in human life. The change creates opportunities and challenges, both in education, politics, religion and even socio- culture. To face the opportunities and challenges that human beings are required to increase his resources. Education is the right means, in addition to producing superior human, kratif, caterpillar, diligent, also sustained by to the faith.  

Reason and faith must be balanced in order to develop a relationship with God. Both complement one another, despite the fact that they are frequently seen as mutually exclusive. Through the experience of faith, humans despite their limited intelligence are able to recognize the existence of God. This process involves more than just thinking; it also involves the light of faith, which makes it possible to sense God's presence in day-to-day existence. The secret to developing a close relationship with God is having a high-quality spiritual life. The development of a spiritual quality of life can be achieved through adoration, meditation, and prayer. This article's research methodology, which employs the library method, presents opinions from a range of sources that are pertinent to the growth of a relationship with God. In conclusion, a balance between reason and faith is necessary for the pursuit and discovery of God. People can sense God's presence in their lives through the quality of their spiritual lives, their theological viewpoint, and their experience of faith in Christ.

The model of Jesus' transformative dialogue in the Gospel of John 1-4, describes the interaction of Jesus Christ conducting evangelism consistently through dialogues in John 1-4 with various figures in different contexts that lead to changes in understanding and spiritual transformation both individually and in the groups He faces. This study aims to identify and analyze the model of transformational dialogue carried out by Jesus Christ in John 1-4 to achieve the transformative goal of building relationships that enable the growth of faith among His listeners and bring people to faith in Him. The research method uses qualitative descriptive and exploratory text analysis with a hermeneutical approach to understand the cultural and theological contexts that underlie each effective missiological dialogue. This study analyzes six dialogues in John 1-4, involving Jesus Christ in conversation with four different groups of people. Dialogues as a means of communication to bring about change and deeper understanding of spiritual truth. The results of this study illustrate that Jesus Christ uses various dialogical strategies to convey the gospel message effectively to people from diverse social backgrounds to build relationships that enable the growth of faith. The transformational dialogue model of Jesus Christ in John 1-4, demonstrates wise and open dialogue in the context of evangelism and provides valuable teaching and guidance for modern evangelism practice and emphasizes the need for adaptation to the individual's social context to achieve maximum effectiveness in bringing people to Christ.