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This study explores the character development of Vianne Mauriac in Kristin Hannah’s historical novel The Nightingale, with a particular focus on how her moral progression is revealed through characterization. It aims to examine how direct and indirect characterization contribute to the portrayal of Vianne’s evolving moral reasoning under the pressure of wartime experiences. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the analysis uses Rimmon-Kenan’s theory to identify characterization techniques and Kohlberg’s stages of moral development to interpret Vianne’s ethical transformation. The findings indicate that Vianne shifts from self-preserving and fear-driven decisions to socially conscious choices and ultimately to morally autonomous actions grounded in universal principles. Her characterization, through action, speech, appearance, and environment, functions not only to construct Vianne’s identity but also to trace her moral journey. Her development demonstrates how literature, particularly historical fiction, can reflect and explore complex ethical growth. The study contributes to understanding how characterization and moral development work together in shaping a compelling and morally resonant protagonist.

The crime of defamation in the digital era has become an increasingly complex phenomenon along with the rapid development of information technology. This study aims to analyze the problem of criminal defamation from the perspective of Hadith At-Tirmidzi Number 1894 and Article 27A of the ITE Law. The main focus of the study is on the dynamics of criminal defamation in the context of information and media ethics, the role of hoax news that contributes to the rampant criminal defamation cases, and legal analysis related to both sources. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with normative analysis of Islamic legal doctrine and positive legal provisions. The results of the study show that Hadith At-Tirmidzi Number 1894 emphasizes the importance of honesty and prohibits lying as part of moral ethics in Islam. Meanwhile, Article 27A of the ITE Law acts as a legal instrument to address criminal defamation violations in the digital realm. A comparison of these two sources shows that although Islamic law and positive law have similarities in maintaining individual honor, the resolution mechanisms are different. Therefore, this study recommends preventive measures such as increasing digital literacy and legal education to reduce the risk of defamation and increase public awareness of the ethics of communicating in cyberspace

This research aims to understand the dynamics of social labeling of the Tasawuf Underground community in Ciputat and how this community responds to the stigma attached by society. This community consists of punk kids who previously received negative stigma due to street lifestyle, psychotropic use, and family conflicts. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results showed that the negative labeling of punk kids is not only based on deviant behavior, but is more influenced by appearances that do not conform to dominant norms. The Tasawuf Underground Community provides a safe space for the social reintegration process through a tasawuf-based spiritual approach, moral development, and job training. The theory of labeling is used to analyze how the identity of punk kids is renegotiated through community support, behavior change, and resistance to stigma. This research concludes that the social reintegration of punk kids depends not only on individual change, but also on changing the paradigm of society in seeing the potential of the future, not the past. The Tasawuf Underground community plays an important role as a reframing agent that allows the redefinition of the identity of punk kids from being labeled deviant to socially and spiritually accepted individuals.

This study examines the portrayal of existentialist principles and characterization in Final Destination 5 (2011), directed by Steven Quale. The research aims to identify the methods of characterization used for the five main characters and explore how Sartrean existentialism is reflected in their struggles. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Kenney’s method of characterization and Sartre’s existentialist framework to analyze key scenes, dialogues, and character interactions. Data was collected through repeated viewings of the film, with critical moments transcribed and categorized based on characterization methods and existential principles. The findings reveal that Final Destination 5 employs a mixed method, with the dramatic method being the most dominant, supplemented by character on other characters and contextual methods to develop psychologically complex main characters. Existentialist principles emerge strongly, particularly the idea that "existence precedes essence," as characters are stripped of predefined roles and forced to define themselves through desperate actions. The burden of freedom and responsibility is evident in moral dilemmas, while the confrontation between anguish and authenticity shapes their responses to impending death. Sam’s journey from fear to acceptance exemplifies Sartrean authenticity, whereas Nathan’s ethical crisis highlights the paradox of human freedom.  

Thematic learning model is a learning model that describes several subjects taught through themes. Thematic learning model as a concept can be interpreted as a learning approach that involves several subjects to provide meaningful experiences to students. By implementing thematic learning model, it is expected that students can understand Christian Religious Education, remember the importance of teaching Christian Religious Education to help students not to lose their knowledge of God and help students maintain good morals, character and nature. The purpose of writing this article is to help students and teachers to more easily understand thematic learning model and improve understanding of Christian Religious Education. The method used in writing this article is a qualitative approach or literature study. Researchers try to offer solutions to the problems raised by summarizing and compiling various theories and data from various literature sources, such as books, dictionaries, scientific journals, and relevant online media.

This study aims to analyze the differences and similarities between the paradigm of Western rationalism, which places reason as the primary source of truth, and Islamic epistemology, which integrates revelation and reason in the pursuit of truth. The research employs a literature review method with a qualitative approach, drawing data from various scholarly works on Western and Islamic epistemological philosophy. A descriptive-comparative analysis is conducted to compare the fundamental concepts, methodologies, and implications of these two paradigms. The findings indicate that Western rationalism emphasizes reason and skepticism in verifying truth, with philosophers such as Descartes and Kant rejecting external authority in acquiring knowledge. Meanwhile, Islamic epistemology asserts that reason plays a crucial role but must align with revelation as the absolute source of truth. The study also finds that the dichotomy between revelation and reason is often misunderstood, whereas in Islam, they can complement each other. In conclusion, an integrative approach that combines the strengths of rationalism in scientific analysis with the moral and spiritual foundation of revelation can lead to a more comprehensive and applicable understanding in both knowledge and social life

Islamic Religious Education teachers play a strategic role not only in transmitting religious knowledge but also in shaping the moral and spiritual character of students. However, challenges such as limited competence and inadequate professional development hinder the improvement of learning quality. This study aims to analyze the competence of PAI teachers and the quality of student learning, describe efforts made to develop teacher professionalism to improve learning quality, and  identify supporting and inhibiting factors in these development efforts. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that PAI teachers at SMK Takhassus Al-Qur’an Mojotengah had fulfilled pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies. The school made efforts to improve teacher professionalism through supervision, MGMP, digital-based learning innovation, and internal collaboration. Supporting factors included adequate learning infrastructure and teacher enthusiasm, while inhibiting factors included distractions from student mobile phone use and teacher administrative burdens. These findings highlight the importance of continuous training, policy reinforcement, and digital literacy to support sustainable professional development.

This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to examine the impact of social media on the honesty of teenagers toward their parents in Stabat Lama Barat Village. The aim of this research is to describe the extent to which the use of social media influences teenagers’ honest behavior in communication and interaction with their parents. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media is not only a source of entertainment but also has a significant influence on character development and moral values, including honesty. The results show that some teenagers tend to hide their social media activities from their parents, either due to privacy concerns, fear of being scolded, or the desire to create a certain image online. This behavior leads to reduced openness and honesty in their daily lives. However, there are also teenagers who are able to use social media wisely while upholding honesty within the family. Factors such as moral education at home, parenting styles, and social environment play an important role in shaping honest attitudes among teenagers despite the rapid growth of digitalization.

This research discusses the role of literature during the Abbasid Dynasty as a means of spreading Islamic values in the middle of the development of Islamic culture and science. At this time, literature not only functioned as a form of artistic expression, but also as a medium of moral learning, preaching, and social criticism that could easily be accepted by the wider community. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Islamic values were inserted in the literary works of the Abbasid era and to understand the social roles played by the great writers of the time. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-historical method and literature study technique. Data sources come from various literary works in the form of poetry, prose, maqamah, and related secondary references. The content and context of the works of influential literary figures were analyzed. The results of the study show that literary works not only serve as a reflection of cultural development, but also an effective means of preaching using beautiful language selection, subtle moral messages, and strong emotional appeal. In conclusion, literature plays a major role in building awareness of Islamic values in people's lives and is one of the important foundations in strengthening Islamic civilization.

Christian Religious Education (CRE) not only functions as a means of delivering theological teachings, but also as a strategic medium in developing students' soft skills. This article aims to explore how Christian moral values ​​such as love, honesty, empathy, and justice can be integrated into learning practices to shape students' character and interpersonal skills. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study collected data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that PAK, through activities such as group discussions, social services, spiritual reflection, and project-based learning, contributes significantly to developing students' communication, leadership, cooperation, and emotional intelligence skills. The role of teachers as facilitators and moral role models is a key factor in the success of this process. Thus, PAK not only enriches the spiritual aspect, but also prepares students to become resilient and integral individuals in social life. The integration of faith values ​​with life skills is a strong foundation in forming a generation of Christians who are able to answer the challenges of the 21st century.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foundation of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, analyze the moral values ​​in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, and study the sociology of literature of the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are in the form of researcher notes in the form of words, phrases or sentences. The data source in this study is a document in the form of a literary novel entitled Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The data collection technique used in this study is the reading and note-taking technique. The reading technique is carried out by reading the entire novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. While the recording is done by recording data in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs that show the content of moral values ​​and religiosity in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Increasing the degree of trustworthiness in research using triangulation of analysis results. The data analysis technique in this study uses the hermeneutic reading technique, namely reading, noting and drawing conclusions. The results of the study in the form of moral values ​​contained in the novel Suluh Rindu by Habiburrahman El Shirazy are classified into three forms, namely: Human relations with God, Human relations with themselves, and Human relations with other humans. 

The rapid development of technology and globalization has significantly impacted the character of younger generations, contributing to the decline of moral and spiritual values. Islamic education, especially through character-based approaches, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals with noble character. This study aims to explore the Islamic character education values contained in Kitab Al-Arba’in An-Nawawiyyah by Sheikh An-Nawawi and evaluate their relevance in the context of contemporary education. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach with library research methods, this study analyzes 42 selected hadiths that encompass aspects of faith, ethics, and social relations. The findings reveal that divine values (e.g., piety, trust in God, and prayer) and human values (e.g., speaking kindly, helping others, and forgiveness) in this collection are highly relevant as character education solutions amid today's moral crisis. Therefore, Kitab Al-Arba’in An-Nawawiyyah is a valuable reference for integrating Islamic character education into curricula to nurture faithful, ethical, and socially responsible generations.

Justice is the realization of correct moral values for an object or individual, and is a fundamental foundation in solving the problem of economic and social inequality contained in the conventional system. The Islamic economic system emerged as an alternative solution to overcome the shortcomings of the system. This study uses a literature study approach to analyze the idea of justice in the framework of Islamic economics, which prioritizes the principles of balance and equality, and aims to build mutual trust and harmony so that all individuals can play an active role in creating common prosperity without prioritizing individual interests over collective interests.

The entry of foreign cultures into Indonesia is one of the impacts of the increasingly widespread globalization. These new cultures underwent a process of acculturation and, over time, began to dominate local cultures. If the original culture is not well preserved, there is a risk that it will be eroded and replaced by new influences that are present. In an effort to preserve Indonesia's cultural richness, the younger generation has a very important role in filtering and choosing what is useful and what is not. However, the presence of foreign cultures often makes people, especially the millennial generation, prioritize personal freedom over moral values. This results in many of them forgetting norms and traditions in order to satisfy individual desires. This research aims to research and explain the actions and responses of the younger generation to foreign cultures, as well as the impact caused by globalization due to the entry of new cultures, both positive and negative. The results of the discussion show that the influence of foreign culture has made many millennial generations begin to forget the original Indonesian culture and ignore the norms in society. Even so, there are still some generations who are trying hard to maintain these cultural values in their daily lives. This research is expected to provide benefits to the community and the millennial young generation, so that they are more aware of the importance of preserving and preserving Indonesia's indigenous culture.

Law plays a fundamental role in creating order, balance, certainty, and benefit in social and state interactions. Legal science, as a dynamic discipline, continues to evolve along with its object of study, based on ethical, moral, and aesthetic principles. This article aims to analyze the relationship between legal codification as an effort to systematize and ensure legal certainty, and the existence and evolution of legal science in the context of modern legal development. This research adopts a normative legal method, focusing on the examination of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as legal analysis as norms and texts. The findings show that legal codification, which emerged from the need for legal certainty and unity, was greatly influenced by Enlightenment political thought, such as the concept of the separation of powers and the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Meanwhile, legal science, rooted in the philosophical foundations of ontology, epistemology, and axiology, faces challenges between theoretical depth and practical demands, yet remains steadfast in its authentic goal of achieving justice. The development of modern law demands a balance between the formal certainty offered by codification and the dynamic nature of legal science in achieving justice amid societal complexity, driving continuous adaptation and reflection.  

This study aims to examine the relationship between healthy food consumption and character development in students. The research is based on the premise that healthy eating plays a vital role not only in physical well-being but also in shaping students' behavior and moral values from an early age. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, employing a theoretical and conceptual analysis design. The findings indicate a strong relationship between healthy eating habits and the development of positive character traits such as discipline, responsibility, and honesty. Based on a regression analysis simulation, healthy food consumption was found to contribute approximately 46% to character formation. These results highlight the importance of integrating healthy eating patterns into character education programs both in schools and at home. The study recommends collaboration among schools, parents, and government bodies to promote healthy eating as a foundation for building strong and positive character in young generations.

This study aims to critically analyze the impact of the SIM card data leak by an anonymous actor named Bjorka on the level of public trust in digital security in Indonesia which first appeared in mid-2022, precisely in August 2022. In addition, it evaluates the extent to which the national legal system is able to provide protection for digital service users and examines the social, moral, and ethical responses of society in addressing the incident. This case demonstrates that data breaches are not merely technical issues but also shake the legitimacy of the state in safeguarding citizens’ privacy rights, while revealing gaps in regulatory systems and data governance. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through literature reviews of scholarly articles, academic journals, policy reports, and relevant opinion pieces. The findings indicate that Bjorka’s data breach incident triggered a crisis of public trust in government institutions and digital service providers. The public responded with fear, anger, and disappointment, mainly due to the lack of transparency and accountability from the responsible parties. Moreover, the implementation of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection is considered ineffective, both in terms of law enforcement and the readiness of technical and institutional infrastructure.

Passenger safety in ferry transportation is a crucial issue in Indonesia's sea transportation system, especially due to the high rate of accidents caused by the negligence of port managers. This study aims to analyze the form and limit of port manager's legal responsibility for passenger safety based on national regulations and international legal instruments. This research uses a normative method with the approach of legislation, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results of the study show that port managers have administrative, civil and criminal responsibilities for passenger safety, including moral and social responsibilities. Failure to carry out these obligations can lead to legal sanctions. It is recommended that port managers strengthen safety management systems, improve inter-agency coordination, and adopt technology and good governance principles to ensure optimal legal protection for passengers. Regulatory updates and continuous supervision are also indispensable.

Growing up in the digital era, Generation Z has unique characteristics, but faces significant moral issues. The curriculum as an educational tool plays an important role in shaping the character values for this generation. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the strengths of the 2013 curriculum with the strengths of the independent curriculum in the formation of morality in Generation Z. To achieve this goal, a descriptive qualitative approach to conduct literature research, including studies into political documents, educational theories, and scientific articles, was used. The analysis results show that the 2013 curriculum emphasizes moral values through a scientific approach and character education enhancement (PPK). Meanwhile, the independent curriculum is more flexible and project-based, while the Pancasila student profile promotes contextual learning. Both can shape students' morality, but collaboration among them may be better for education.

This study aims to determine the role of psychology of religion in the development of prophetic character in students is to understand the psychology of religion influences or plays a role either in general or in the development of prophetic values that exist in students. This research uses a literature study method where researchers read theories related to the problems studied which are sourced from academic literature. The results of the study show that education is a means in shaping the religious spirit of students. Psychology of Religion has a role to develop the prophetic nature of learners by providing awareness of the meaning of life, the purpose of their actions by improving morals and ethics in everyday life, relationships with God in the form of strengthening beliefs and faith. A learner can face the challenges of faith with emotional control. The conclusion of this study shows that the psychology of religion has a very important role in the formation of the prophetic character of students with the help of the psychology of religion students can understand the meaning of religious prophetic values that will be the basis for the formation of character and personality behavior of each student to achieve the welfare of life.