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Education in Indonesia is one of the crucial sectors for national development. This article examines the key aspects of education in Indonesia, including the legal foundations, education policies, the education system, and the challenges faced in implementing education across the country. The discussion begins with an analysis of the National Education System Law (UUSPN) and how government policies, such as the 2013 curriculum, aim to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. This study also explores the important role of character education, the integration of technology in learning, and efforts to improve educational equity in remote areas. Based on a literature review and current statistical data, it is found that despite significant progress, Indonesia still faces major challenges, such as the quality disparity between urban and rural education, as well as limited access to higher education. Therefore, it is essential for the government and all stakeholders to continue efforts to enhance the quality and equity of education in Indonesia to achieve more inclusive and sustainable educational goals.  

This research sought to ascertain and characterize how the use of digital learning resources improved the dance learning outcomes of Class VIII SMPN 17 Kerinci pupils. Class action research (PTK), a subset of qualitative research, is the kind of study that this is. The researcher is the primary instrument in this study, with the help of supporting instruments in the form of written assessments (cognitive). Twenty-five pupils from class VIII A at SMP Negeri 17 Kerinci served as the study's subjects. Two cycles of planning, execution, observation, and reflection were employed in this study. The findings demonstrated that using digital learning resources to teach dance may enhance student learning outcomes. Due to the fact that many pupils still do not take learning seriously, cycle I learning has not been successfully implemented; cycle II learning continues this education. Cycle II learning has been implemented with good execution. Nearly all of the tasks at each level are completed, and students are actively engaged in their education, increasing the quality of their learning results. The average student learning results from written tests during cycle I were 56%, whereas the average student learning outcomes during cycle II were 84%. Applying digital learning media to dance education has been shown to improve student learning results, according to data analysis and debate.

This study aims to analyze the influence of teacher competence and the accuracy of teaching methods on student learning outcomes at SMK Untung Surapati Pasuruan. Teacher competence, including pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies, is considered crucial in creating an effective learning process. The accuracy of teaching methods is also examined to determine the extent to which selecting methods suitable to students' characteristics and lesson materials affects their understanding and engagement. This research employs a quantitative approach with a 2x2 factorial design, involving 67 students selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and tested for validity and reliability to ensure accuracy and consistency. The findings reveal that both teacher competence and teaching methods significantly influence student learning outcomes. The combination of these factors positively impacts the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Therefore, teachers are encouraged to continually improve their competence through training and further education and to choose teaching methods that align with students' needs to achieve optimal learning.

The rapid development of digital technology demands character education as well as ethical guidelines for interacting in social media, especially social media manners in Islamic views at Berkah Integrated MTs Palangkaraya. This study aims to assess the validity of teaching modules on adab social media in the view of Islam for class VIII students of MTs Terpadu Berkah. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model at the analysis and design stages. Validation was carried out by four experts, namely 2 material experts, and 2 design experts. The assessment included six aspects: content suitability, alignment with the curriculum, relevance to students, language, layout and design, and learning evaluation. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale to calculate the percentage of validity. The results showed that the teaching module had an average validity of 80%, which included the valid category. This shows that the module is feasible to use in learning. However, there are some minor revisions that need to be made, such as improving visual design, images, fonts, and simplifying language, and adding learning activities that are more interactive and fun. In conclusion, this teaching module can be used as a teacher's guide in learning that helps students understand and apply social media manners in accordance with Islamic values. Additional revisions from validators are expected to increase the effectiveness of the teaching module for students

This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

Education is a fundamental element in human resource development which plays a significant role in the nation's progress. As time goes by, various modern ideas about education have emerged which aim to improve the quality of learning and its relevance to society's needs. This article discusses several modern educational approaches, including environmental-based teaching, project-based learning, homeschooling, work schools, character education, and inclusive education. Each approach is analyzed based on its benefits, challenges and contribution to the formation of a holistic individual. In conclusion, the integration of these various methods in the education system can create a generation that is adaptive, creative and has high social responsibility.  

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial natural language processing task that extracts and classifies named entities from unstructured text into predefined categories. While existing NER methods have shown success in general domains, they often face significant challenges when applied to specialized contexts like Filipino cultural and historical texts. These challenges stem from the unique linguistic features, and diverse naming conventions. This research introduces an enhanced rule-based NER approach that specifically addresses these challenges. At its core, the system utilizes curated Corpus of Historical Filipino and Philippine English (COHFIE), which serves as both training and evaluation data. This research presents an enhanced rule-based approach for NER using a Corpus of Historical Filipino and Philippine English (COHFIE) building on pattern-learning methods, incorporating character and token features, and by using positive and negative example sets. To enrich the classification process, we used the International Committee for Documentation – Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC-CRM), a cultural heritage framework, to provide a more nuanced categorization of entities based on their historical and cultural significance. Tested across existing Filipino based models (calamanCy and RoBERTa Tagalog), the enhanced model shows improvement on identifying entities related to Filipino culture (CUL) and history terms (PER, ORG, LOC).

This study aims to analyze the theories of multicultural education approach and its application in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Using a qualitative approach based on literature study, this research explores theories such as social justice, pluralism, social interaction, constructivism, humanism, and social transformation, and their relevance to Islamic values. The results show that multicultural education is in line with Islamic teachings, such as tolerance, justice, empathy, and respect for diversity. The integration of these theories in PAI can create an inclusive learning environment that encourages intercultural dialogue, character development, and respect for differences. Implementation challenges include stereotypes, limited resources and lack of teacher training, while opportunities include increased tolerance, curriculum enrichment and technology utilization. This research highlights the importance of education policies that support multicultural inclusivity and relevance in building a harmonious society.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

Education as a systematic effort to form a complete human being has given birth to various schools of thought that have developed throughout history. Each school has unique characteristics in understanding the nature of education, goals, methods and roles of educators and students. The traditionalist school of education emphasizes the importance of inheriting past values ​​and knowledge through structured methods. Meanwhile, progressivism prioritizes students' learning experiences with a flexible and contextual approach. Existentialism focuses on individual freedom in determining the direction of education, while essentialism focuses on mastering basic knowledge and core skills. The flow of social reconstructionism encourages education as a tool to improve social conditions and create better social change. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts of various schools of education, so that it can become a theoretical basis for developing educational models that are relevant to today's challenges.  

Effective learning requires creative and interactive approaches to enhance students' understanding of the material. This study focuses on evaluating the use of Wordwall as a learning tool for short stories in grade 11 at SMA Islam Az-Zahrah Palembang. The main focus of learning includes the definition, characteristics, and types of short stories. Through the "Open Box" and "Random Card" features in Wordwall, students are actively engaged in answering questions presented interactively. 1  The research method involved the delivery of material, interactive quizzes, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed that the use of Wordwall significantly increased students' interest, engagement, and understanding of short story material. Thus, Wordwall has proven to be an effective and innovative learning medium in improving the quality of learning in the digital age.

This study aims to understand the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in learning the Qur'an and Hadith at MI Misbahul Adhim. With a qualitative approach and field research methods, this research explores the views and experiences of teachers and students regarding their adaptation to curriculum changes. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and review of relevant documents. The research findings reveal that the Independent Curriculum provides more flexibility for educational institutions to design a learning process that is more in line with the needs of students. The main focus of this curriculum is meaningful learning, character building, and the application of integrated technology. However, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum also faces a number of obstacles, such as limited resources, readiness of teaching staff, and changes in mindset in learning. Overall, the Independent Curriculum has significant potential in improving the quality of religious education. This study recommends the need for more intensive support from various parties, including the government, educational institutions, and the community, to ensure the successful implementation of the curriculum. Further research can be focused on identifying factors that influence the success of curriculum implementation and developing more optimal strategies.

Educational supervision is a training process that aims to improve the quality of learning and teacher performance. Implementation of supervision requires certain techniques that are tailored to the needs, conditions, and characteristics of the school. There are three main categories in supervision techniques, namely individual techniques, group techniques, and a combination of both. Individual techniques include classroom observation, personal conversations, and class visits, which aim to provide direct guidance to teachers. This technique is effective in identifying specific problems faced by teachers and providing solutions directly. Supervision groups include workshops, discussion groups, and joint training, which aim to improve teacher competence through collaboration and sharing experiences. This technique encourages innovation in teaching and creates a culture of learning among educators. In addition, a combination of individual and group techniques, such as mutual observation or project-based training, can provide more comprehensive results. The application of supervision techniques must be carried out in a planned and sustainable manner with the principles of involvement, openness, and training. Effective supervision also requires technological support to facilitate data collection and evaluation, such as using learning videos or analytical software.

This study aims to examine the implementation of the values of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet in the daily lives of students at MTs. Raudlatul Hasaniyah, Mojolegi Gading Probolinggo. The primary focus of this research is to explore how the values contained in the Qur'an and Hadith are applied in students' everyday lives, particularly in the spiritual, social, and moral aspects. A qualitative approach using a case study method was employed, with data gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of Qur'anic and Hadith values at MTs. Raudlatul Hasaniyah is carried out effectively through various educational programs and initiatives based on Islamic teachings. These values are applied in both academic learning, extracurricular activities, and students' daily life within the school environment. The positive impacts experienced by students include improved moral character, discipline, and a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings. This research is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic education based on Qur'anic and Hadith values in shaping a generation with strong character.

This study aims to analyze strategies for popularizing traditional food through the Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students Project (P5). Traditional food, as part of cultural heritage, is increasingly marginalized by the popularity of modern food among the younger generation. This research employs a library research method by reviewing relevant literature on P5 and the preservation of traditional food. The findings show that implementing P5 with an entrepreneurship theme in elementary schools can enhance students' awareness of traditional food while fostering entrepreneurial values. Activities such as school bazaars and cooking practices contribute to introducing traditional food to students, engaging them in experiential learning, and instilling values of collaboration and creativity. In conclusion, the strategy of popularizing traditional food through P5 is an effective step to preserve cultural heritage while fostering students' character in line with the Pancasila Student Profile.

Character education plays a crucial role in shaping a young generation with noble character, responsibility, and positive values. Teachers, as primary educators, hold a strategic role in shaping students' character in schools. This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in character education relevant to human resource (HR) development. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using literature review methods from various relevant journals. The findings reveal that the role of teachers is not only limited to teaching but also includes being role models, motivators, facilitators, and moral guides for students. Teachers are required to have academic competence, a personality aligned with Islamic values, and the ability to design learning strategies that support character education. Effective strategies include role modeling, giving advice, habituation, providing educational sanctions, and environmental supervision. Additionally, moral approaches such as moral modeling, moral knowing, and moral acting are implemented to instill character values. However, challenges in character development include a lack of parental support, apathy from some students and teachers, limited funding, and weak supervision in the school environment. The study also found that character education can be strengthened through collaboration between schools, committees, and parents in building routine and spontaneous activities that motivate students to exhibit positive behavior.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Language and semiotics have a close relationship and are interrelated. Language is a system of signs that humans use to communicate, while semiotics is the science that studies signs. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. This paper aims to describe the semiotic studies contained in the lyrics of the albums "Human" and "Monochrome". Apart from that, it also describes the albums "Humans" and Monochrome" as learning material for analyzing poetry texts in class X SMA. This research uses a descriptive approach using a qualitative method. The descriptive approach utilizes data in the form of a deep understanding of the use of semiotic signs in song lyrics, as well as being able to understand the meaning and context in their use. The conclusion of the analysis is as follows: Study of the semiotics of the lyrics of the albums "Manusia" and "Monochrome" by Tulus, that the signifiers found in this research are in the form of song lyrics, in the form of the suffixes a, u, i, ng, ar, am, ang. The signified found in this research is related to social reality, has meaning regarding the value of motivation towards other people, the value of optimism, and the value of love for someone as a whole of the song lyrics. The album "Human" and Monochrome" by Tulus can be used as learning material to analyze poetry texts in class X high school. Learning the semiotics of a collection of song lyrics from Tulus can improve students' ability to understand feelings, imagination, sensitivity and understanding of the characters depicted.