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Historical video games are one of the entertainment screen media genres that represent actual historical events influencing the players to learn interactively. Moreover, in an era where technology is increasingly advanced the presence of pop culture that is included in history-based games leads people to get interested more in things that were initially boring to follow. “Sengoku BASARA” (戦国BASARA) is a successful action game featuring a main character based on Japanese feudal warlords wrapped in fictional and dramatic form published by CAPCOM which is very popular in Japan. Yet, Indonesia hasn’t developed a game based on the history of their ancient kingdom with good qualities to bring their interest to learning. The research methodology in this study using a qualitative approach includes content analysis using the 5 W 1 H technique to explore how the historical events and characters in the game are visualized and how it brings or gives the player an understanding of the history. This study aims to delve into two main points: 1. Understanding how “Sengoku BASARA” adapts the elements of their history, 2. The potential of this game as an educational tool is to introduce the historical characters as well as their story events. In conclusion, “Sengoku BASARA” does not have perfect accuracy in visualizing the original history yet it can be the first step to learning more about history interestingly and entertainingly.

Aceh Tamiang Regency is one of the regions in Aceh Province that is highly vulnerable to annual flooding due to river overflow and high rainfall intensity. Flood disasters often cause significant material and non-material losses, which are exacerbated by the limited public understanding of flood mitigation, early warning signs, and appropriate self-rescue procedures. This community service activity aims to increase public awareness, knowledge, and preparedness in facing flood threats through disaster mitigation socialization programs. The method applied in this activity includes participatory socialization, interactive discussions, and simulations of emergency response actions involving local communities, village officials, and volunteers. The program emphasizes recognizing early signs of flooding, understanding emergency evacuation routes, and improving coordination during disaster response. The results indicate a significant improvement in community knowledge regarding flood risks, early warning indicators, and emergency measures that should be taken before and during flooding events. Furthermore, the activity successfully strengthened coordination between village authorities and local volunteers in managing emergency response posts and distributing aid effectively. Through this socialization program, the community of Aceh Tamiang is expected to develop greater disaster resilience and preparedness. Increased awareness and coordinated response mechanisms are anticipated to minimize the adverse impacts of future flooding events, thereby reducing potential losses and enhancing community safety.

This community service program was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah/Pondok Pesantren Al-Mansyuriyah, Tangerang, to provide students with structured experience in English news writing and digital publication through blogs. The program responded to three main partner needs: limited experience in structured English news writing, limited use of blogs for publication, and the need to strengthen students’ digital literacy and writer identity. The activity was designed as a participatory and practice-based training program through three workshops: EFL News Writing, Blogging for EFL News Writing, and English Journal Writing. The evaluation used a pre-survey, a post-survey, observation, and documentation of student blog posts. The pre-survey involved 46 students; 31 students (67.4%) had written English news articles, but 42 students (91.3%) had never used blogs or written blog posts. The post-survey involved 45 students; all respondents (100%) reported that they understood ethical blog publication, and 42 students (93.3%) reported that they could use blogs, images, links, and videos to support their writing. The program produced six student blog posts on pesantren activities, National Santri Day, Teacher’s Day, new student admission, and literacy events. These findings indicate that blog-based genre pedagogy can provide an authentic medium for introducing EFL news writing, digital publication, ethical awareness, and students’ emerging writer identity. Further mentoring is needed to evaluate and improve the linguistic accuracy, news structure, and multimodal quality of students’ writing.

For the general public, Indonesia’s five-year electoral cycle is often perceived merely as a procedural voting event, overlooking the substance and quality of how voters select presidential or regional leaders. Following the 2024 General Election, the challenges of democracy have shifted from technical management to the prevention of polarization, money politics, digital disinformation, identity politics, and echo chambers. This article analyzes the urgency of implementing sustainable voter education during the inter-election period, using the General Election Commission (KPU) of Balikpapan City as a case study. The study focuses on KPU Balikpapan’s strategies to transform pragmatic voters, who are susceptible to manipulation, into informed participants, while also addressing the vulnerabilities of first-time voters ahead of the 2029 Election to increase participation rates. The analysis indicates that political education during the non-election period is a critical moment to build the cognitive foundation of voters without compromising their independent choice, making the role of KPU Balikpapan essential in maintaining democratic integrity in the city.

Football in Indonesia is not merely a sport but a social phenomenon that triggers massive public emotional engagement. Every result of the Indonesian National Team, particularly in prestigious events such as the FIFA World Cup Qualifiers, often generates waves of opinion in digital spaces filled with criticism, support, and disappointment. The failure of the Indonesian National Team in the 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers has become an important momentum to systematically understand public perception. The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of public sentiment and to reveal the main issues most frequently discussed through keyword visualization, thereby providing an overview of societal reactions. This research utilizes 971 comments from the TikTok platform as the primary dataset, collected through a crawling process and processed using text mining stages before being classified with a sentiment analysis method. The findings indicate a sentiment distribution dominated by Neutral at 63.67%, Negative at 32.36%, and Positive at 3.97%. The word cloud visualization highlights dominant keywords such as “Pecat” (Dismiss), “Evaluasi” (Evaluation), and “PSSI” (Indonesian Football Association), reflecting public criticism of managerial aspects, although positive words such as “Semangat” (Spirit) and “Dukung” (Support) also appear, emphasizing supporter loyalty. These results contribute to an empirical understanding of the issues most highlighted by the public and the distribution of collective emotions, which can serve as a basis for PSSI and stakeholders in formulating communication strategies, policy evaluations, and improvements to the national football management system.

Premeditated murder is a severe crime characterized by prior planning (voorbedachte raad), making the proof of premeditation crucial in criminal justice. This element is linked to the mental state of the perpetrator, which cannot be directly proven but must be inferred from objective facts and events. Legal proof often focuses on the elements of Article 340 of the Criminal Code, overlooking criminological aspects such as motives, background, and the process of intent formation. This study analyzes how premeditation is proven in murder cases from a criminological perspective and evaluates the relevance of criminological approaches in judicial deliberations. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by philosophical, sociological, and criminological studies, the research finds that proving premeditation requires more than legal indicators like time delay, tool preparation, and structured actions. It also involves understanding the perpetrator's psychological, social, and situational factors. A criminological perspective helps explain the formation of criminal intent, offering a more comprehensive view of premeditation. Integrating criminology into judicial decisions can enhance evidence quality, leading to more substantive and just outcomes.

The 50 meter freestyle is a sprint event that requires explosive strength, efficient technique, and optimal body stability. Arm muscle strength contributes directly to propulsion, while core muscle strength supports stability and force transfer. This study aimed to analyze the influence of arm and abdominal muscle strength on 50-meter freestyle swimming performance among athletes of the Science Swimming Team (SST) Sidoarjo. A quantitative correlational design was employed with a sample of 10 athletes aged 10–12 years (5 males, 5 females). Arm muscle strength was measured using the pull-up test, abdominal strength with a 30-second sit-up test, and swimming performance with the best time in a 50-meter freestyle trial. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression with a 0.05 significance level. Results indicated a significant correlation between arm strength and swimming performance (r = 0.773; p = 0.009), while abdominal strength showed a positive but non-significant correlation (r = 0.609; p = 0.062). Regression analysis revealed that both variables together explained 57.7% of the variance in swimming speed. It is concluded that arm muscle strength has a dominant influence on freestyle sprint performance, whereas core muscles serve as supporting factors for stability and efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of integrated training programs combining arm and core strengthening to optimize sprint performance in young swimmers.

This study aims to analyze the strategic management of disaster services in handling flood-affected communities in Surabaya City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an analytical framework of strategic management theory according to Wheelen and Hunger (2008), which includes four main stages: environmental observation, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. Data were obtained through documentation studies, field observations, and secondary data searches from official reports from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and relevant online sources. The results show that the BPBD of East Java Province has implemented a systematic strategic management cycle in disaster services. During the environmental observation stage, the BPBD was able to identify the main threat in the form of the dominance of hydrometeorological disasters, particularly floods. During the strategy formulation stage, the BPBD established a mission, objectives, and strategic policies focused on disaster risk reduction, increasing community preparedness, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. Strategy implementation is realized through mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response programs, as well as the utilization of early warning systems and command centers. Meanwhile, evaluation and control are carried out continuously through monitoring disaster events and adjusting policies based on actual conditions in the field. The flood-affected community management strategy demonstrates a responsive and collaborative approach, despite still facing structural challenges such as tidal flooding and limited drainage infrastructure. This study concludes that implementing strategic management based on the theory of Wheelen and Hunger (2008) can improve the effectiveness of disaster services, but requires strengthening long-term mitigation and community empowerment.

Forensic entomology is a branch of forensic science that utilizes insects and other arthropods as biological indicators in death investigations. This discipline plays a crucial role, particularly in cases of advanced decomposition, where conventional forensic methods often face limitations. One of the key contributions of forensic entomology is estimating the post-mortem interval (IPM), or time since death, which can assist investigators in reconstructing the chronology of events. Furthermore, entomological analysis can provide information regarding the location of death, possible movement of the body, and environmental conditions surrounding the crime scene. Common approaches include analyzing insect succession patterns that appear according to the stages of decomposition of the body and determining the age of larvae based on their developmental stage and growth rate. Environmental factors, particularly temperature, humidity, and microhabitat conditions, significantly influence insect development and therefore must be carefully considered in the analysis. This literature review aims to discuss the basic concepts, functions, and role of forensic entomology in law enforcement. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the importance of accurate insect species identification to improve the validity and reliability of the resulting time-of-death estimates.

The goal of continuous midwifery care is to use the SOAP documentation technique to provide comprehensive care to pregnant women up to birth control according to care standards. From May 2 - July 14, 2025, Mrs.C, G2P1A0, 32 years old received continuous midwifery care from pregnancy until get contraception methods, starting at 34 weeks of gestation. The mother complained of back pain during prenatal check-ups. The labor process went smoothly. With the assistance of a midwife, the baby was born on June 10, 2025. Birth weight: 3000 grams; length: 50 cm; head circumference: 34 cm; chest circumference: 33 cm; received Hb0 vaccine two hours after birth, eye ointment, and vitamin K shortly thereafter. The baby did not experience any problems or complaints during the first visit. Mrs. C received four visits during the postpartum period. The mother did not feel anything during the first visit up to the following visits. She continued to breastfeed exclusively, and her vital signs and fundal height returned to normal. The mother used a three-month injectable contraceptive so as not to interfere with the exclusive breastfeeding program. Mrs.C has received continuous midwifery care during pregnancy and contraceptive use, and her health is normal. It is expected that the midwife will be able to provide continuous midwifery care so that in the event of an emergency, it can be immediately identified and promptly handled.

This study aims to describe the implementation of school promotion at SDI Technopreneur An Nadwah as an effort to increase the interest of prospective new students. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, informal interviews, and document analysis. The results show that the basic concept of SDI Technopreneur An Nadwah is based on the national curriculum integrated with technopreneurship programs, tahfiz, and the cultivation of Islamic character habits. The promotional strategies used include publication through social media, school branding programs, collaboration with PAUD/TK institutions, open house activities, and the distribution of printed media. Promotional implementation is carried out in a structured manner through the creation of digital content, the organization of public events, and the provision of digital-based PPDB (new student admission) information services. The obstacles encountered include limited promotional human resources, content consistency, and competition among schools; however, these can be addressed through the formation of a dedicated promotion team, strengthening the school’s flagship content, and optimizing digital media. This study concludes that effective school promotion can enhance institutional visibility and attract the interest of prospective new students more optimally.

API abuse on lightweight edge gateways has intensified as microservice-based services expose many REST endpoints to heterogeneous clients. Conventional per-identity rate limiting, such as static token buckets, is frequently bypassed through distributed bots and identity rotation, while legitimate burst traffic may be rejected and degrade user experience. This study proposes Adaptive Rate Limiting with Verifiable Delay Functions (ARL-VDF), which couples a lightweight risk score with selective VDF challenges to impose a tunable sequential-computation cost on suspicious clients without forcing aggressive dropping for low-risk users. The gateway continuously derives a per-identity risk score from short-window request rate, error tendency, and identity freshness, then maps the score to a target delay bounded by  and . Evaluation uses a 600-second discrete-event simulation on a mixed workload consisting of normal clients, legitimate bursts, and distributed attackers. Compared with a static token bucket baseline, ARL-VDF maintains full success for legitimate traffic, reduces attacker throughput that passes the gateway, and keeps verification overhead within a fixed budget on the edge device. The results indicate that combining adaptive control with verifiable sequential cost can improve availability and fairness on resource-constrained edge gateways without resorting to aggressive dropping.

This study examines the management of Kediri Nite Carnival (KNC), an annual event organized by the Kediri City government to commemorate the city's anniversary and showcase local arts, culture, and tourism potential. This research uses qualitative methodology and employs literature analysis, observation, and documentation as case study methods. The Miles and Huberman interactive model is used to analyze the data. The Kediri City Tourism Office has implemented each stage of event management according to Goldblatt's concept: research, design, preparation, coordination, and evaluation. The focus of the research was to determine the objectives and target audience; the design highlighted the local cultural theme “Exotic Flower in Paradise”; planning included budget planning, scheduling, and promotional strategies through social media and collaboration with local media; coordination was carried out through task distribution and cross-team communication; and evaluation assessed the success of the event based on community feedback and its effects on tourism and the local economy. The research results show that KNC plays an important role in improving the public's perception of Kediri City as a creative and cultured city. However, efforts to increase the number of tourist visits in the long term still need to be made. It is hoped that these findings will help the local government develop a sustainable tourism communication plan.

This study aims to analyze the reaction of the Indonesian capital market to the announcement of Donald Trump’s import tariff policy using an event study approach. Market reactions are measured through abnormal return and trading volume activity of exporting companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with an event window of three trading days before and three trading days after the initial tariff announcement on April 2, 2025 and the revised tariff announcement on July 15, 2025. This study employs secondary data in the form of daily stock prices and trading volumes, analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results indicate that the Indonesian capital market reacts to the announcement of Donald Trump’s import tariff policy, as reflected by differences in abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after the announcements, thereby supporting signaling theory and the semi-strong form of market efficiency.

People with disabilities continue to experience barriers in accessing education, employment, and social participation, requiring active government involvement through inclusive programs. One such initiative is the International Disability Day event organized by the South Tangerang City Social Service in collaboration with Rumah I’m Star. This study aims to analyze the public relations activities of the South Tangerang City Social Service by examining problem identification, planning, implementation, and interpretation in organizing the event. The research is based on the public relations model of Cutlip, Center, and Broom, which includes four stages: defining the problem, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving purposively selected informants from the Public Relations Division of the Social Service, the founder of Rumah I’m Star, beneficiaries, and public relations experts. The findings show that the Social Service identified low public awareness of disability issues as the main problem and responded by developing a collaborative communication strategy with Rumah I’m Star. The activities implemented included art performances, talk shows, and a bazaar showcasing the works of persons with disabilities, which were disseminated digitally. Program evaluation was conducted internally without standardized measurement instruments, limiting interpretation to event outcomes and participant involvement. Overall, the study concludes that these public relations efforts enhanced government communication and promoted inclusion awareness, although broader public engagement is needed for sustainable impact.

Model driven Development (MDD) has emerged as an efficient software engineering methodology that focuses on using high-level models as primary artifacts throughout the software development process. The methodology involves transforming abstract models into detailed designs, and eventually into executable code, with the assistance of automated tools. This study evaluates the impact of MDD on the Verification and Validation (V&V) processes within secure enterprise software systems. By comparing MDD-based projects with traditional code-centric development approaches, the study highlights the advantages of MDD in reducing verification time, minimizing defect leakage, and improving the traceability of security requirements. MDD significantly enhances V&V efficiency by automating key processes, which allows for earlier error detection and better resource utilization. Additionally, MDD strengthens security compliance by integrating security requirements early in the development lifecycle, ensuring better alignment between system requirements and their implementation. Despite the clear benefits, challenges such as the lack of standardized tools and the need for specialized expertise in model development were also encountered during the study. The findings of this research offer important insights for enterprise software development teams looking to adopt MDD for more efficient and secure V&V processes. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of MDD on security compliance, as well as its adoption across different industries, to fully understand the practical benefits and challenges of implementing MDD in diverse real-world environments.

The Community Service Program (PkM) focused on mentoring storytelling competitions was implemented as an effort to improve students' competence in the art of storytelling, while also supporting their preparation for the FLS3N event. The activity was designed through a series of training sessions that included understanding the concept of storytelling, examples of storytelling practices, hands-on practice, and periodic evaluations. During the mentoring process, students showed progress in terms of story mastery, intonation, expression, and confidence. The approach used encouraged active participation so that participants were able to improve their storytelling techniques based on the feedback provided. The results of this activity show that structured and continuous training can improve students' readiness to present stories in a more communicative and interesting manner in upcoming competitions.

The development of Islamic Religious Education in Banjar Land represents a long historical process marked by social, political, and religious transformations. Since the era of traditional da‘wah conducted by ulama through halaqah, surau-based instruction, and religious study circles (majelis taklim), the Islamic education system in this region has continuously evolved, eventually giving rise to formal educational institutions such as madrasahs and Islamic-based schools. This study aims to chronologically describe these historical dynamics, examine the factors influencing educational change, and analyze the roles of ulama, the Banjar Sultanate, and community institutions in the transformation of Islamic education. The research employs a qualitative method with a historical approach, involving the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data were collected from scholarly literature, local manuscripts, and the works of Banjar ulama. The findings indicate that the transformation of Islamic education in Banjar Land, from the period of Islamization to the emergence of madrasahs and Islamic Religious Education in public schools, occurred through at least three major phases: (1) family- and community-based traditional da‘wah through langgar (prayer houses) and halaqah institutions; (2) the establishment of modern madrasahs in the twentieth century as a response to colonialism and modernity; and (3) the integration of Islamic education into the formal national education system in the post-independence era. This study affirms that Islamic education in Banjar Land possesses distinctive characteristics, is adaptive in nature, and is deeply rooted in local culture.

Land sale and purchase agreements are legal acts frequently carried out in social practice. However, such agreements are often executed under hand without the involvement of authorized officials as required under land law. The practice of under-hand land sale and purchase gives rise to various legal issues, particularly concerning the validity of the agreement, the transfer of land rights, and legal protection for the parties in the event of disputes. This article aims to analyze the legal status of under-hand land sale and purchase agreements from the perspectives of civil law and land law, examine the legal consequences arising from such agreements on the transfer of land rights, and review the forms of legal protection available to the parties. The research method employed is normative juridical, using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that under-hand land sale and purchase agreements may be considered valid under civil law as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of a valid agreement; however, they do not automatically result in the transfer of land rights under land law. Consequently, the legal position of the buyer becomes weak in the event of a dispute. Therefore, public legal awareness and the role of the state in strengthening dissemination and enforcement of land law are necessary to ensure legal certainty and protection.

This research is motivated by the learning of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) which still focuses on memorization so that students are not able to understand the relationship between events in depth. This study aims to describe the application of conceptual dimension development to increase the effectiveness of SKI learning in grade VIII at MTs Syi'ar Islam Maibit. The method used is descriptive qualitative through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. The research informants included SKI teachers, grade VIII students, and deputy heads of madrasas in the curriculum field who were selected purposively. The results of the study show that students already recognize basic historical facts in the material of the Abbasid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk dynasties, but are still weak in understanding the interconnectedness of concepts, analyzing cause and effect, and connecting historical events to the broader social context. Conceptual dimension mapping reveals that the aspects that need to be improved the most are analytical skills and the ability to structure knowledge sequentially. This study concludes that strengthening the conceptual dimension through visual media, concept maps, and analytical activities can help students understand SKI material more deeply and make learning more active and meaningful for the formation of students' character.