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Although cryptographic security is often the main concern in e-voting system development, practical implementation failures are frequently associated with poor user interfaces that increase cognitive load and voting errors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of User-Centered Design (UCD) interventions in improving usability and voter confidence in an e-voting system. A one-group pretest-posttest design was applied to 36 respondents representing novice voters. Usability was measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS) before and after the interface redesign. The intervention focused on visual hierarchy, navigation consistency, status visibility, and error prevention. The results show a statistically significant improvement, with the mean SUS score increasing from 69.10 in the marginal category to 95.76 in the excellent category. The paired sample t-test produced t(35) = -7.3441 with p < 0.0001, while Cohen's d reached 1.2130, indicating a large practical effect. The standard deviation also decreased from 21.98 to 3.09, demonstrating a more consistent user experience. These findings indicate that interface optimization is essential for strengthening accessibility, voting accuracy, and user trust in digital democracy systems.

Limited competence among teachers in systematically managing scientific references remains one of the main challenges in producing high-quality scientific writing. This community service activity aims to enhance the competence of Biology MGMP teachers in Sidoarjo in reference management through a Smart Referencing approach using the Mendeley application as a Reference Management System. The methods employed include training sessions, hands-on practice, and mentoring in the use of Mendeley, covering installation, library management, and the automatic integration of citations and bibliographies into scientific documents. The evaluation of the activity was conducted through questionnaire distribution to measure participants’ improvement in understanding and skills. The analysis results indicate that several technical aspects, such as the use of the Mendeley plugin in Microsoft Word (score = 3.40) and the overall ease of use of the application (score = 3.00), fall into the high category on a maximum scale of 4. This suggests that although the application is perceived as useful, there is still a need for initial adaptation in its usage. Furthermore, the overall mean score of all questionnaire items is 3.74, with a satisfaction index of 93.5%, which falls into the very high category. These findings indicate that the Mendeley-based Smart Referencing training received very positive responses and was effective in improving participants’ understanding and skills in reference management for scientific writing.

The use of moldboard plows in agricultural land preparation often faces wear problems on the share component, leading to increased maintenance time and reduced operational efficiency. This study aims to design and analyze a modular concept for the plow share to improve maintenance and repair efficiency without compromising structural performance. The research methods include field observation, component dimension measurement, design modeling using CAD software, and structural analysis using the Finite Element Analysis  (FEA) method. In addition, maintenance ease was evaluated through a questionnaire based on a rating scale. The results show that the modular design significantly improves maintenance and repair efficiency, with an average score of 4.59 categorized as very good. Structural analysis indicates that the modular design reduces maximum stress on the moldboard and slightly decreases deformation, reflecting improved structural stiffness compared to the conventional design. However, the Safety Factor on the share component remains below the acceptable limit, indicating the need for further development. Overall, the modular design provides an effective solution to enhance maintenance efficiency while maintaining the structural performance of the moldboard plow.

The Ten Scholars per Village Scholarship Program is a policy of the Government of Bojonegoro Regency aimed at improving access to and equity in higher education for rural communities through tuition fee (UKT) assistance. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the program implementation in Kepohbaru District using a descriptive qualitative approach and five effectiveness indicators proposed by Campbell J.P., namely program success, target achievement, satisfaction with the program, input and output levels, and goal attainment. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the Education Office, sub-district and village governments, scholarship recipient students, and the parents of scholarship recipients as informants. Data analysis was conducted based on Sugiyono’s model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, with validity tested through triangulation. The results show that the program has been implemented sustainably and contributes to supporting the continuity of higher education for rural students. Target achievement has been administratively fulfilled, although equity and quota distribution remain challenges. The level of satisfaction among recipients and parents is relatively good; however, there are still obstacles related to information dissemination and administrative processes. In terms of input and output indicators, the program is considered fairly effective as it consistently distributes financial assistance. Overall, the program is fairly effective in increasing access to and continuity of higher education, although improvements are still needed in terms of equity and implementation quality.

A single paragraph, maximum 250 words. Abstract content must contain (1) an overview of the object of research, (2) problems, and research objectives, (3) proposed methods, (4) main findings and results and synthesis of main ideas, and (5) conclusions. In recent years, the Iran–United States conflict has not only unfolded within the geopolitical arena but has also been intensively constructed through international media framing that shapes how global audiences understand this reality. In the context of the digital information overflow, media no longer function merely as conveyors of facts; rather, they act as agents that construct meaning, evoke emotions, and shape the social perceptions of audiences. This study aims to analyze how international media framing constructs representations of the Iran–United States conflict and how audiences interpret such discourse within their social experiences. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) design. Data were collected through document analysis of 25 news articles from both Western and non-Western media, as well as exploratory interviews with nine participants from academic backgrounds. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic approach based on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The findings reveal three main patterns: the construction of threat through media language, moral polarization that produces a dichotomy of “us versus them,” and the negotiation of meaning by audiences, which is reflective and not always linear. These findings indicate that audiences are not entirely passive; rather, they actively interpret and, at times, question media framing. Theoretically, this study extends Critical Discourse Analysis by incorporating the dimension of audience experience into the discursive process. Practically, it underscores the importance of critical media literacy in navigating the complexity of global information and opens avenues for further exploration of the relationship between discourse, power, and social experience.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

The implementation of digital health information systems, such as e-Puskesmas, plays an important role in supporting electronic medical records in primary healthcare facilities. However, technical constraints, including network instability and system integration issues, may affect user satisfaction among healthcare workers. This study aims to analyze healthcare workers’ satisfaction in using e-Puskesmas based on the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. This research employed a quantitative analytic approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 35 healthcare workers at Puskesmas Klangenan using total sampling. The variables consisted of five EUCS dimensions, namely content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test. The results showed that user satisfaction was categorized as very satisfied across all EUCS dimensions, with mean scores ranging from 4.11 to 4.47. All EUCS dimensions had a positive and significant relationship with user satisfaction (p < 0.05), with format and ease of use showing the strongest correlations. It can be concluded that the quality of system and information in e-Puskesmas significantly influences healthcare workers’ satisfaction, indicating the need for continuous system development to support optimal healthcare services.

Meningitis is a serious infectious disease that can be prevented through vaccination; however, the vaccination process often causes anxiety in patients, especially during the pre-procedure phase. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect patient readiness and comfort. Therapeutic communication by nurses is one intervention that has the potential to reduce this level of anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and the anxiety levels of patients prior to meningitis vaccination at Pambalah Batung Amuntai Regional General Hospital. This study used a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 107 respondents selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data on therapeutic communication were collected using an observation sheet, while anxiety levels were measured using the DASS questionnaire (anxiety subscale). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most therapeutic communication was in the good category, and patient anxiety levels were predominantly in the normal category. Statistical test results indicated a significant relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient anxiety levels (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The better the therapeutic communication provided, the lower the patient’s anxiety level. In conclusion, nurses’ therapeutic communication plays an important role in reducing patient anxiety prior to meningitis vaccination and needs to be optimized in nursing practice.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy caused by compression and tension of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist. The most common symptoms of CTS include pain and paresthesia (tingling) with or without numbness in the me dian nerve area of ​​the wrist. Method: The method used was a case study on a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with bilateral CTS who experienced pain (NRS 7/10), tingling, numbness, and limitations in hand movement and functional activity. Physiotherapy interventions provided included Ultrasound therapy (US), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), nerve mobilization, and structured exercise therapy in the form of stretching and median nerve gliding. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) for functional activity. Result: The results showed a significant reduction in pain, with motion pain decreasing from a scale of 7 to 3 and pressure pain from 5 to 1 after three therapy sessions. Furthermore, there was an increase in functional activity, as indicated by a decrease in BCTQ scores, namely the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) from 4 to 2 and the Functional Status Scale (FSS) from 4 to 2. This indicates a gradual improvement from the moderate-severe category to approaching mild. Conclusion: A multimodal physiotherapy approach is effective in reducing pain, reducing paresthesias, and improving hand function in CTS patients. Combining various therapeutic modalities has been shown to be more optimal than single therapies because it can address various pathological aspects simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive, evidence-based physiotherapy interventions are highly recommended in the conservative management of CTS.

This study examines customer churn prediction in subscription-based telecommunications from a digital marketing perspective using machine learning. The analysis utilizes a secondary dataset of 7,043 customer records that simulate behavioral, contractual, and financial attributes commonly found in telecom services. Three classification algorithms Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting are applied to model churn behavior. Data preprocessing includes handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, and splitting data into training and testing sets. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, recall, and ROC-AUC, with emphasis on recall due to its importance in identifying at-risk customers. The results show that Gradient Boosting achieves the highest overall performance with an ROC-AUC of 0.84, while Logistic Regression provides relatively higher recall. Key drivers of churn include short-term contracts, higher monthly charges, and lower service engagement. However, recall remains moderate, indicating limitations in capturing complex behavioral factors. These findings suggest the need to combine predictive models with behavioral insights and highlight the importance of early customer engagement and long-term retention strategies.

Online games are one of the digital entertainment activities widely favored by adolescents; however, high-intensity use can lead to psychological impacts, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety in adolescents is characterized by feelings of restlessness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances, especially when they are unable to play online games or when they experience defeat in the game. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of online game use and the level of anxiety among adolescents. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 113 respondents selected using a cluster sampling technique. The research instruments used were the DASS questionnaire and an online game usage intensity questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The respondents in this study were adolescents from SMAN 1 Wanadadi, most of whom were 16 years old (49.6%) and predominantly female (61.9%). The intensity of online game use was mostly in the moderate category (55.8%), while the level of anxiety was mostly in the mild category (89.0%). The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of online game usage intensity and a mild level of anxiety. Bivariate analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between the intensity of online game use and the level of anxiety among adolescents, with a p-value of 0.425 and a contingency coefficient value of 0.076. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between the intensity of online game use and the level of anxiety among adolescents.

This study explores the revitalization of the Sundanese Pegon script through a community-based training program at Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School, Bandung. Conducted by the Community Service Team of Telkom University in June 2025, the program aimed to preserve traditional Islamic literacy by reintroducing the Pegon script to students (santri). Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research reveals that the training successfully enhanced both the students' awareness and technical proficiency in reading and writing Pegon. Interview results with the Chairman of the Al-Huda Foundation, Roni Syahroni, emphasize that this effort is not merely an academic achievement but a vital step in reviving the historical soul of the pesantren. The findings demonstrate strong community support for preserving local cultural literacy. The study concludes that the community-based education model is highly effective and viable as a strategy to sustain the Islamic cultural heritage of Nusantara amidst modern challenges. Thus, Pegon literacy remains a spiritual and intellectual bridge for future generations.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the religious understanding of students through reading the book at the Ar Rohman TPQ, Candinegoro Village, Wonoayu, Sidoarjo. The context of this activity is the limited skills of students in reading and understanding the contents of the book in depth, so that a more interactive and effective learning method is needed so that students are not only able to read, but also understand and practice religious values ​​in everyday life. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which involves active participation between the activity implementer, TPQ administrators, and students, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The activity was carried out through reading the book together, explaining the material, as well as question and answer sessions and direct practice that were adjusted to the level of understanding of the students to be more communicative and easy to understand. The results of the activity showed that the reading the book went well and received a positive response from students, marked by an increase in reading ability and understanding of the contents of the book, activeness, enthusiasm, and courage in practice and discussion. Furthermore, this activity contributes to character development, including discipline, responsibility, patience, and self-confidence. Therefore, it is effective in enhancing religious understanding while simultaneously shaping the character of students and deserves continued development.

This study aims to: (1) describe the quality of mathematical understanding of Grade IX students at MTs Negeri Karangasem on the topic of curved surface solids, (2) identify the level of mathematics anxiety, and (3) examine the relationship between mathematical understanding and mathematics anxiety. This research employed a quantitative approach involving 100 students selected from 130 Grade IX students. Mathematical understanding data were collected using a three-item test based on indicators of instrumental, relational, and logical understanding, while mathematics anxiety data were obtained through a 30-item questionnaire. All instruments were validated by experts and showed adequate reliability based on Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the relationship between variables was tested using the Chi-Square test and the Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Test. The results show that most students (80%) have not yet achieved adequate mathematical understanding, while 20% demonstrate instrumental understanding. In terms of anxiety, 84% of students experience moderate anxiety, 11% high anxiety, and 5% low anxiety. Most students (67%) fall into the category of moderate anxiety with low understanding. Statistical results indicate that mathematical understanding and mathematics anxiety are significantly related.

The internship program of Universitas Mayjen Sungkono in Begaganlimo Village introduced a training initiative focused on the Development of an Adaptive Learning Platform Based on D-PACK as an effort to enhance the quality of digital learning in Begaganlimo elementary schools. This training was designed to assist teachers in strengthening their ability to design and utilize interactive learning media supported by artificial intelligence (AI). Through this socialization activity, teachers were not only introduced to the use of adaptive technology but also guided to apply it in teaching practices so that the learning process becomes more effective, easier to understand, and more engaging for students. In addition, the socialization activities provided a deeper understanding of how technology can be used and integrated into teaching. Teachers not only learned to operate AI-based applications or devices, but they also gained insight into the pedagogical principles within the DPACK framework, which ensures that technology is applied appropriately. As a result, learning is expected to become easier to understand, more engaging, and capable of increasing students’ participation and motivation in the classroom.

This study focused on addressing the problem of low self-confidence among seventh-grade students at SMP In Tana Toraja. The issue was identified through several behaviors, such as difficulty in voicing opinions, lack of courage to stand in front of the class, and minimal participation during the learning process. To address the identified issue, the study was designed to enhance students’ self-confidence through group guidance activities incorporating the sociodrama technique. This investigation adopted a Guidance and Counseling Action Research approach implemented across two consecutive cycles, each involving planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The participants consisted of 30 students, while data were collected through questionnaires and observation instruments. The results indicated that students’ self-confidence developed progressively over time. In the initial condition, most students were still classified in the low-confidence category, but improvement began to appear in cycle one and became more significant in cycle two. These changes were reflected in students’ increased confidence in performing, better communication skills, and stronger active participation in group activities. The sociodrama technique provides direct social interaction experiences that help students develop their self-confidence. Based on the results, the use of group counseling activities incorporating sociodrama emerges as a viable strategy for school counselors to support the development of students’ self-confidence.

This research is motivated by the escalating prevalence of illegal online lending practices in Indonesia, which generate a multitude of legal problems, particularly those concerning the validity of loan agreements and debt collection practices. The simplicity of access through smartphone applications, rapid processing times often approved within minutes and minimal administrative requirements have rendered these services immensely popular among the public. However, this accessibility also paves the way for unlicensed providers to operate unchecked, preying on desperate borrowers. The study aims to analyze the legal validity of illegal online loan agreements pursuant to the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, OJK). Additionally, it examines the legal position of debt collection from a civil law perspective. A normative juridical method is employed, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of the data. The results demonstrate that illegal online loan agreements fail to fulfill the requirements for a valid contract, especially regarding the legal capacity of the parties and lawful cause, categorizing them as null and void by operation of law. Nevertheless, in practice, unlicensed providers continue debt collection efforts, frequently employing methods that violate the law, such as harassment and intimidation. This reveals a significant gap between legal norms and field implementation. The implications emphasize the critical need for robust law enforcement, enhanced consumer protection mechanisms, and stricter oversight of fintech lenders to establish legal certainty and justice for society.

Verbal sexual harassment among adolescents is a form of non-physical violence that is often overlooked, yet it has significant impacts on psychological health and social development. Parenting style is suspected to be one of the factors influencing adolescents' vulnerability to verbal sexual harassment. This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting styles and the occurrence of verbal sexual harassment among adolescents at SMKN Widang. This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 166 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires on parenting styles and verbal sexual harassment. Data analysis was conducted using the Contingency Coefficient test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced democratic parenting (70.5%). The incidence of verbal sexual harassment was most frequently reported in the “often” category (43.4%) and “sometimes” category (42.2%). Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between parenting styles and the occurrence of verbal sexual harassment. Permissive parenting was associated with a relatively higher risk. Therefore, the implementation of democratic parenting and open communication is recommended as preventive efforts.

Gout arthritis is a disease characterized by sudden inflammation of the joints due to high levels of uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia). This condition is marked by acute episodes of joint inflammation, often affecting a single joint and preceded by asymptomatic periods of varying duration. Older adults represent the final stage in the human lifespan and experience the natural aging process. This study employed an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gout arthritis pain and the level of independence in activities of daily living among patients at the Helvetia Public Health Center. The results showed that the majority of older adults in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Helvetia experienced high levels of pain, with 73 respondents reporting severe pain. Meanwhile, most respondents demonstrated independence in their daily activities, with 72 categorized as independent. The findings indicate a significant relationship between gout arthritis and the level of independence in activities of daily living among older patients at the Helvetia Public Health Center.