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This research examines the issue of interfaith marriage in the context of religious moderation in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Based on Dukcapil data from 2022, 34.6 million couples were recorded as "unregistered marriages" due to interfaith marriages. showing strong tension due to the presence of regulations and religious doctrines that tend to be exclusive. By comparing the perspectives of Islam, Catholicism, and Hinduism, it was found that there are differences in doctrinal limitations regarding interfaith marriage practices. This shows how complex the relationship is between social structures and religious teachings in marriage. Moreover, this research found that there is a contradiction between the dominant interpretation of marriage law based on religious beliefs and the constitutional right to form a family (Article 28B paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution). As a solution, the paradigm of religious moderation is offered. This paradigm emphasizes justice, love, and tolerance as the fundamental principles of inclusive marriage. This study suggests changes to the legal and theological framework to adapt to a multicultural society.

Indonesia, as a multicultural archipelagic country, has a big challenge in maintaining the integrity of the nation's unity. Ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity is a wealth and a potential for conflict if not managed properly. This article aims to examine how national integration can strengthen the integrity of the Indonesian nation as well as the factors that affect the success of the process. Through the literature review method, this article analyzes the concepts, theories, and determinants of national integration. The results of the study show that national integration plays an important role in strengthening national identity, minimizing social conflicts, and maintaining political stability. Therefore, synergy between elements of the nation is the key to strengthening unity in globalization and global challeng

This study aims to analyze the role of psychological assessment in improving the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in educational settings through a qualitative literature review. Psychological assessment is a fundamental component in counseling practice that allows counselors to understand clients in depth and comprehensively. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a literature review that analyzes journal articles, textbooks, and relevant academic publications from 2015- 2025. The results of the study indicate that psychological assessment has two main roles: first, helping counselors understand the internal dynamics, cultural context, strengths, and resources of clients; second, providing various types of assessment instruments that can be selected according to needs, including personality, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, projective, multicultural, and technology-based assessments. Appropriate assessment not only functions as a diagnostic tool but also as a therapeutic intervention that encourages client self-awareness. The implementation of quality psychological assessment is the foundation for designing effective and responsive counseling services to the individual needs of students, so that it can improve the overall quality of guidance and counseling services in educational settings.

Human rights must be weighed against the state's interests, especially in a multicultural society. The concept of multicultural citizenship often conflicts with state policy priorities they defense of personal liberties. The state must recognize and protect cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Inversely proportional, social stability and national integration are top priorities. This study examines different theories of citizenship, the fundamentals of the rule of law, as well as the  problem of managing diversity in a democratic legal system. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study to examine policies and regulations related to multicultural citizenship in Indonesia and how they impact human rights and national interests. The results show that despite regulations that assist inclusion, the application of  anti-discrimination and the use of  policies is still difficult. Therefore, to accept diversity without sacrificing human rights or national interests, more equitable, inclusive, and flexible policies are needed.

This study examines the strategic role of Civic Education (PKn) in increasing national and state awareness among elementary school students in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with conceptual analysis methods and literature studies, this study identifies four main roles of civil society: the cultivation of national identity, the recognition of citizens' rights and obligations, the development of democratic values, and the formation of attitudes of tolerance and multiculturalism. The dimensions of consciousness developed include constitutional consciousness, nationalism, multiculturalism, and participatory. This article also explains effective PKn implementation strategies through experiential learning, integration with daily life, the use of interactive learning media, and example and habituation. Despite having a vital role, the implementation of PKn still faces challenges in the form of learning that tends to be theoretical, limited teacher competence, and counterproductive environmental influences. The evaluation of PKn's success in increasing awareness can be measured through behavior change, conceptual understanding, active participation, and social concern of students. In conclusion, PKn that is implemented contextually and meaningfully from an early age can be an effective foundation in forming good citizens and maintaining national identity in the global era.

This community service activity aims to implement the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with a multicultural education-based approach in the school environment. P5 is part of the Independent Curriculum which aims to form students with character according to Pancasila values. Multicultural education was chosen as the main approach to instill the values ​​of tolerance, mutual cooperation, and respect for cultural diversity. The method of implementing the activity includes socialization of the P5 concept, teacher training in implementing multicultural learning, and mentoring the implementation of the project with students. The results of the activity showed an increase in teacher understanding of the integration of Pancasila values ​​in the learning process and an increase in active student participation in activities that respect cultural differences. This activity also encourages the creation of an inclusive and harmonious learning environment. Thus, the implementation of P5 based on multicultural education has proven effective in supporting the strengthening of student character according to the Pancasila Student Profile.

This article explores the integration of religious moderation values within the tradition of orphan charity (santunan anak yatim) in a multicultural community. Conducted as part of a community service program (Kuliah Kerja Mahasiswa) by ten students from Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, this study took place in Sumberkradenan Village, Pakis Subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation, and documentation, the research uncovers how a routine act of religious compassion becomes a powerful medium for fostering social harmony, tolerance, and interfaith cooperation. The findings reveal that orphan charity is not merely a religious obligation but also a social practice that embodies the spirit of inclusiveness, solidarity, and mutual respect across diverse religious and cultural groups. This study highlights the potential of local religious traditions as grassroots models for promoting religious moderation in contemporary society.

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation because it consists of various tribes, religions, ethnicities, cultures and languages. This diversity is found in various regions spread from Sabang to Meraoke. Every Indonesian citizen is obliged to maintain this diversity by upholding the foundation of the Indonesian state and the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in order to create national unity. Looking at the existing phenomena and referring to previous research, there are still many undesirable events happening in the environment around us today. Therefore, it is necessary to internalize the values of multicultural education. From the description above, there are three focuses studied in this thesis, namely (1) how is the process of transforming the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (2) how is the process of transacting the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (3) how is the process of internalizing the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school?. This research uses the type of field research, with a qualitative approach, The research subjects consisted of the head of the cottage, administrators, educators, and students, Data collection techniques were taken from interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that: (1) the value transformation process is educators use an approach to introduce students to good and bad values. (2) the value transaction process is educators conducting two-way communication or interaction between students and educators that are reciprocal. (3) The process of trans-internalization of this value is that the educator in front of the santri is no longer a physical figure, but his personality attitude or personality or mental communication that plays an active role. In this process, educators always provide examples of good values in everyday life.

Multicultural counseling considers various aspects of the counselee, including race, ethnicity, culture, and gender. This approach is important to understand the different cultural backgrounds and personal experiences of counselees, as well as how counseling can identify their psychosocial needs through the counseling process. The research method used, namely, qualitative with the type of literature study derived from relevant literature, such as books, journals, or scientific articles on the topic to be selected. The results of this study include, (1) The view of multicultural counseling, (2) Redefinition of multicultural counseling, (3) Implications of multicultural counseling, (4) Development of Multicultural Counseling in Indonesia.

Multicultural competence is a crucial aspect for counselors in addressing diverse clients. Multicultural counseling training aims to enhance counselors' understanding of various values, norms, and cultural practices. This research employs a literature review method by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing various academic sources, including books, research journals, and relevant scientific articles published. The findings indicate that this training helps counselors identify personal biases, improve cross-cultural communication skills, and develop more inclusive intervention strategies. A well-structured multicultural counseling approach can enhance the accessibility and quality of mental health services in diverse communities.

This paper examines the life struggles of Javed Khan, a second-generation Pakistani immigrant in the United Kingdom in Blinded by Light film. Culturally, as a Pakistani-British, Javed lives in two worlds, i.e., the old world belonging to his parents and his current world, the world he is living in, i.e., the British society and culture. To analyze this topic, the textual content analysis is employed. As for the theoretical framework, Hall’s concept of identity and some works of literature on discrimination are of importance. The result of the analysis shows that Javed’s journey reveals the challenges and pressures of adaptation and acculturation faced by second-generation immigrants in general, illustrating how the tension between intergenerational expectations often creates tension and fosters growth and understanding in a multicultural context. Javed is torn between the values of the home country his father holds and the values of the new country. In addition, the discrimination experienced by Malik Khan’s family reflects the experience of immigrant families in a broader context. The film encourages viewers to reflect on the societal expectations of immigrants to conform to the host society and culture, while also showcasing the importance of individual aspirations and self-expression.  

Pancawaskita Counseling is an eclectic approach in guidance and counseling aimed at understanding and assisting individuals by integrating five key factors: Pancasila, Pancadaya, Lirahid (five life domains), Likuladu (five external forces), and Masidu (five internal conditions of individuals). This approach is designed to address challenges in counseling services within a multicultural environment like Indonesia, which is characterized by cultural and social diversity. The techniques used in Pancawaskita Counseling include client acceptance, reflection of content and feelings, as well as specific methods such as lifestyle analysis and role-playing. This study employs a literature review method, which involves collecting data from various reliable sources, reading, taking notes, and analyzing information using a descriptive approach. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, techniques, and procedures in Pancawaskita Counseling and to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. The findings indicate that Pancawaskita Counseling offers flexibility in adapting counseling methods to clients' needs. However, its application remains limited due to a lack of understanding and minimal development in the field.

Labelling within a group greatly influences the formation of individual identity within that group. Labeling also has an influence on the assessment of a particular race and culture. Sometimes the impact of labelling on an individual can have a negative connotation, therefore the role of the counselor is needed as a liaison to provide education related to multicultural education. This research uses qualitative methods with literature study techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the labelling that affects the cultural identity of individuals. The results of the study, containing (1) Definition of RAS, (2) Definition of Labelling, (3) Definition of Cultural Identity, (4) Effect of RAS on Cultural Identity, (5) Effect of Labelling on Cultural Identity, (6) The Counselor's Role in Overcoming Labelling.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of traditional games as a strategy for instilling multicultural values and character education in elementary school students. Employing a qualitative approach, this research explores the potential of traditional games in shaping attitudes of tolerance, cooperation, and mutual respect for differences among students. The results indicate that traditional games are not only entertainment but also an effective learning medium for instilling positive values and strengthening students' character in the context of cultural diversity.

The curriculum and learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the Senior High School (SMA) level face significant challenges in line with the dynamics of modern society, especially in strategic areas such as Batam City, which is multicultural and industry-oriented. Curriculum innovation is an urgent necessity to ensure that PAI learning can meet the demands of the times and strengthen students' character. This study aims to identify and develop a relevant and applicable model of curriculum and PAI learning innovation in SMA Batam City. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of academic books, scientific journals, and official documents relevant to the theme of curriculum and PAI learning innovation. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically on various existing curriculum models and innovation processes. The results of the study show that several innovation models can be adapted in the development of PAI curriculum and learning in high schools, including the R-D-D model (Research, Development, and Diffusion), the Organizational Development model, and the Configuration model. These three models provide a systematic approach to the educational innovation process, from design and implementation to diffusion and routinization within the school environment. In addition, the proposed innovation process follows the dynamic initiation and implementation stages based on the theories of Rogers and Zaltman. In conclusion, the development of curriculum and PAI learning innovation models in SMA Batam City needs to consider the local socio-cultural conditions, teacher readiness, and institutional support. The appropriate implementation of these models is believed to improve the quality of religious education to be more contextual, adaptive, and impactful on the formation of students’ character.

The integration of Islamic values ​​in the national curriculum is a strategic issue in the development of character education in Indonesia. Amidst the flow of globalization and technological advances, national education is faced with the challenge of maintaining national identity while responding to the needs of the times. This article aims to analyze the challenges of integrating Islamic values ​​in the national curriculum, especially in the context of the Independent Curriculum policy and the reality of multicultural education. Using a qualitative literature study approach, this article examines various national education literature and policies in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the main challenges lie in the lack of pedagogical understanding of teachers, resistance to the integration of religious values ​​in general lessons, and limited contextual implementation guidelines. This article recommends the need for inclusive curriculum design, transformative teacher training, and strengthening collaboration between the government, educational institutions, and the community.

Multiculturalism presents a significant challenge to contemporary social development, particularly in Indonesia, a nation characterized by its vast ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Multicultural Islamic education is viewed as a strategic solution to fostering social harmony and mitigating potential conflicts based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations (SARA). This study employs a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA framework to analyze various references related to the implementation of multicultural Islamic education values in schools. The findings indicate that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in instilling values of tolerance, respect for diversity, and democratic attitudes among students. However, the implementation faces several challenges, including a lack of parental support, limited learning media, and insufficient time allocation for promoting multicultural values. Therefore, effective strategies are needed, such as integrating Islamic concepts into multicultural education, strengthening an inclusivity-based curriculum, and enhancing teachers' capacity to deliver diversity-respecting instruction. The findings highlight the strategic role of Islamic religious education in preventing radicalism and promoting national unity through inclusive multicultural education    

This study examines the application of Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah al-Ammah in the legal framework of interfaith marriage within Indonesia’s multicultural society, characterized by religious and cultural diversity. The research background highlights the challenge of aligning sharia principles with the social dynamics of a multicultural context, particularly concerning the potential harm of interfaith marriages. The objective is to understand how fiqh principles, such as Ad-Dhararu Yuzal and Kullu Syarthin Mukhaalif Li Ushul al-Syari’ah Fa Huwa Baathil, serve as methodological tools to evaluate the law of interfaith marriage. A qualitative approach is employed, utilizing normative-juridical and descriptive-analytical methods. The normative-juridical analysis involves studying the Qur’an (Surah Al-Baqarah: 221 and Al-Maidah: 5) and fiqh principles, while the descriptive-analytical approach explores the perspectives of fiqh schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, Hanbali) and Indonesia’s social realities. Data were collected through a literature review, including classical fiqh texts, academic journals, and contemporary Islamic legal documents, analyzed deductively and inductively. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the flexibility of fiqh principles in addressing interfaith marriage challenges while upholding sharia and minimizing social harm.

This research was conducted to examine global developments in an increasingly complex and dynamic multicultural society, so that Christian Religious Education (PAK) is important to adapt to the challenges and developments that exist. Things that are currently present in society are plurality, multiculturalism, ethical challenges, technological developments, social change, conflicts between communities, and consumerism. Based on these emerging issues, the importance of integrating PAK values into character development in forming leaders that are relevant to the global context is highlighted. In terms of leadership in biblical teachings, Christian leaders must uphold the rules contained in the teachings of Christianity and be able to keep up with global developments in a multicultural society. This becomes a challenge for a leader who upholds the teachings of the Bible to be able to respect the diversity of views and opinions to be able to produce decisions that are universal for the whole community. The research method in this paper uses descriptive qualitative with a systematic literature review and is supported by the literacy of international journals, theological articles, and theological teaching books. Based on the results of the research study that has been carried out, leadership in the teachings of the Bible in a society that has diversity, there are teaching values contained in the PAK that can generally be applied to all people without discrimination because these values are in accordance with universal values. The conclusion that can be drawn in this study is that leaders have an important role in building unity in a diverse society by appreciating diversity and being able to overcome conflict, namely by practicing the principles of Christian leadership values to form good and effective leaders.

Indonesia as a multicultural country with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity faces serious challenges in maintaining social harmony amidst increasing intolerance, extremism, and politicization of religion. In response, the government developed a religious moderation policy to instill just, balanced, and tolerant religious values. However, this policy has not been fully grounded in society, given the gap in understanding between state idealism and the developing social reality. This study aims to analyze the concept, implementation, and structural and cultural challenges in the implementation of religious moderation policies in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique on various relevant national and international scientific publications in the period 2018–2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of this policy is still dominated by a formalistic approach and has not involved active participation from grassroots communities. In addition, ideological resistance, weak public communication, and minimal impact-based evaluation are the main challenges. Therefore, a more participatory, contextual, and local culture-based moderation approach is needed so that this policy does not just become a state project, but a shared life value.