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This research aims to find out how many fathers are involved in caring for early childhood children in the Surabaya area. The background of this research is to look at the phenomenon of fathers' lack of involvement in child care, resulting in some children behaving in fear, lacking self-confidence, speaking harshly, and not being able to control their emotions. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with a survey method. The subjects of this research were fathers who had young children in the Surabaya  sub-district area. Respondents in this study totaled 332 fathers. The research results show that as many as 84% ​​of fathers have high involvement in their children's care in Surabaya  Village. However, based on the data, 42% of fathers are still busy with their activities when they are with their children and as many as 46% of fathers are still not close to their children, such as kissing and hugging their children. Therefore, it is necessary to provide training to fathers on how to care for early childhood children which includes aspects: Interaction, giving an example, accompanying, supervising, providing warmth and meeting the child's needs.  

Masa usia dini merupakan periode krusial bagi perkembangan anak. Berbagai stimulasi dan aktivitas edukatif perlu diberikan untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan kognitif, motorik, bahasa, sosial, dan emosional mereka. Salah satu aktivitas yang menjanjikan adalah bermain labirin. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk menyelidiki inisiatif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan anak usia dini melalui permainan labirin. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus serta metode kualitatif. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan keefektifan permainan labirin dalam meningkatkan sejumlah aspek perkembangan anak usia dini, seperti kemampuan memecahkan masalah, konsentrasi, kreatifitas, kerjasama, dan komunikasi.

The aim of this research is because researchers want to provide children with an understanding of concrete behavior according to what is done, not just in theory, but actually done so that our students can get meaningful learning.How students are able to explore their physical maturity through physical motor activities coordinating their body parts. By carrying out activities that are able to explore all their physical activities, both fine motor skills and gross motor skills, by carrying out activities concretely (lifelong learning).The author's aim for this research activity is to be able to see the results of differentiated learning for students at their institution. Researchers can see what changes occur after the researcher carries out the real action. Then they can take action for what follow-up action will be taken after the activity.Researchers also apply inquiry learning to activate the learning provided to students at their institution, by asking questions that can stimulate the development of their ability to think or solve existing problems, and they can think creatively in collaboration with their friends in carrying out an activity.Examining the theory of physical motor development and how to overcome problems with physical motor development. examines the physical motor development program for early childhood which includes gross and fine motor skills, as well as health and safety behavior so that children have physical and mental health as well as the ability to coordinate, flexibility, balance, speed, agility and strength through various movement stimulation so that children from an early age have good motor control to accelerate neurological maturity which encourages the growth and development of children's potential which leads to optimal and better readiness to learn at the next stage by implementing base learning projects.  

Early childhood education plays a crucial role in preparing children with foundational knowledge for further education at the primary level. Within Early Childhood Education (ECE), children are nurtured to become independent individuals, fostering social interaction, strong self-confidence, a keen interest in exploring knowledge, the ability to adopt positive ideas, develop their own thoughts, adapt to new environments, demonstrate high enthusiasm for learning, and exhibit high levels of creativity. Early childhood education, including preschool education, aids in the physical and mental development of children, covering various aspects such as religious and moral values, social, emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and motor skills. This education can be conducted through various pathways, including formal, informal, and non-formal, with one form being the Integrated Early Childhood Education (IECE) program. The collage method serves as an effective approach to enhance children's fine motor skills, optimally implemented in several IECE institutions like RA Yaa Bunayya in Mompang Julu Village. Qualitative methods are employed in this research, utilizing triangulation data collection techniques comprising observation, interviews, and documentation. Collage activities at RA Yaa Bunayya are planned according to the children's needs, utilizing safe and diverse natural materials, providing valuable experiences for children to explore textures and shapes. Collage activities also offer advantages in improving concentration, recognizing colors, and identifying shapes, which are crucial aspects of children's development.

Gross motor skills are the ability to move the body using large muscles, most or all of the body's gross motor skills are needed by children to sit, kick, run, go up and down stairs. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of walking on a boardwalk on gross motor development in children aged 5-6 years. The method used in this research is quasi-experiment. The design of this research is pretest and posttest (the one group pretest posttest design). This research was conducted at the Asfiyah Lidah Wetan Islamic Kindergarten, Lakarsantri District, Surabaya, East Java. The practice time in the field is 7 weeks with a training duration of 2 times per week. The population in this study were all students at Asfiyah Islamic Kindergarten who were active in walking on the boardwalk with a total of 45 students. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling, namely a sampling technique with the number of samples equal to the population. The research instruments that I carried out were using tests of walking forward with arms outstretched, walking sideways with arms outstretched, walking forward with hands on the waist, walking forward with hands folded in front of the chest, and standing on one leg in an airplane stance. The collection technique in this study used Wilcoxon. The conclusion in this study shows that there is a significant Sig (2-tailed) influence of the activity of walking on the boardwalk on the gross motor development of children aged 5-6 years at the Asfiyah Lidah Wetan Islamic Kindergarten using the outstretched hands forward walking test, walking sidewaysarms outstretched, walking forward with hands on your waist, walking forward with your hands folded in front of your chest, and standing on one leg in an airplane stance. It is proven that the Sig value. (2-tailed) of the five indicators < 0.05.    

Early childhood is an individual who is undergoing a rapid development process, so preschool children need optimization of gross motor development by using rhythmic gymnastics. This study aims to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-6 years at RA Al-Junaidiah. The problem in this study is to see how effective rhythmic gymnastics is on the gross motor development of children aged 4-6 years at RA Al-Junaidiah. The data collection technique in this study used the Participation Action Research (PAR) method. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that rhythmic gymnastics can improve children's gross motor skills at RA Al-Junaidiah. Thus the conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effect of rhythmic gymnastics on children's gross motor development at RA Al-Junaidiah.

This article discusses children who experience movement and motor barriers / disabilities, disabilities include children with special needs because they have physical disorders that interfere with movement due to congenital bone structure abnormalities, illness, or due to accidents, such as polio and paralysis, The way to communicate with children with disabilities is by: (1) Everyone must change his perspective on children with disabilities and realize that everyone has disadvantages and advantages; (2) Everyone shall pay attention to the readiness of the school, including its administration, principal, and students; and (3) provide special facilities for persons with disabilities. (4) Embrace them so that they can blend in with the general public and not feel inferior. This research uses a qualitative approach where the data collected for this research is collected through reviews of journals, books, and other sources of information relevant to the research topic Data analysis is carried out through a descriptive approach, which involves data reduction techniques, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. So according to the results of the study there are several causes of disorder 1. Before birth 2. At birth 3. After birth.

This research aims to determine efforts to improve the fine motor skills of children aged 5-6 years through the method of coloring pictures. This research uses a classroom action research approach carried out in two cycles. Each cycle goes through four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Anugerah Soe Kindergarten with 27 children aged 4-6 years, consisting of 8 girls and 19 boys. Data is collected through observation, documentation and performance. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the research show that coloring activities are very appropriate for developing the fine motor skills of kindergarten children because through coloring activities children learn about initial writing skills, namely the ability to hold coloring tools, move the wrist and hand-eye coordination which is very useful for the next level of education. Therefore, implementing coloring activities for kindergarten children is considered very appropriate.

Mengamati kehidupan manusia, khususnya kehidupan suku anak dalam dari lahir hingga terlibat dalam kehidupan, sangat menarik karena suku anak dalam hidup di lingkungan alam mereka. Kondisi ini sangat berbeda dengan yang ada, apalagi di kota. Studi ini melihat latar belakang suku anak, jenis aktivitas motorik, dan faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di pemukiman suku anak dalam, tepatnya di Desa Bukit Suban, Kecamatan Air Hitam, Kabupaten Sarolangun Jambi. Untuk mengumpulkan data, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi digunakan. Model Spradley digunakan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif. Prilaku dan aktivitas gerak suku anak dalam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sangat berbeda dengan masyarakat umum. Orang tua atau kelompok mengajari motorik atau gerak bawaan mereka lebih banyak daripada yang mereka lakukan sendiri. Ini karena kebutuhan hidup dan kelangsungan hidup kelompok dipengaruhi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (1) Suku anak dalam yang ada di Desa Bukit Suban, Kecamatan Air Hitam merupakan keturunan dari tiga daerah yaitu Kerajaan  Pagaruyung (Minang Kabau); (2) Aktivitas motorik suku anak dalam meliputi bermain, berjalan, berlari, melompat, memanah, menembak dan memanjat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya; (3) Hal-hal yang mengganggu perkembangan motoriknya, seperti pembukaan lahan yang tidak bertanggung jawab, komunikasi sosial yang tidak efektif dan kurangnya perhatian pemerintah (4) Suku anak dalam terus memegang adat istiadat dan kepercayaan mereka.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins, leading to hyperglycemia. DM can be associated with serious complications such as kidney damage, eye problems, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and skin and foot problems, so DM sufferers need to take precautions to avoid complications. Foot exercise is a type of foot exercise performed by diabetics which can increase peripheral perfusion and thus prevent worsening of diabetic neuropathy. Foot exercise can also reduce the risk and progression of peripheral neuropathy because it can improve blood flow to the periphery, increase muscle strength and improve motor function. Objective: to determine the effect of foot exercise on motor neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Method: The design in this study used a quasi-experimental approach using a one group pretest posttest design. The sample for this research was 18 respondents. Data analysis used the paired sample t-test. Results: based on the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples t Test, the resulting P value is 0.000 < 0.05, where it can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients in the working area of Benteng Sukabumi City Health Center.

Real work education (KKN) is an education in the form of community service. In this service, students apply the theories they have after studying for several semesters into a real form of community service. In this service, students carry out several activities that develop children's physical motor skills. Physical development is the growth or changes experienced in a person's body which are clearly visible from changes in the shape and size of a person's body. Motor development is controlling the development of body movements through coordinated activity of muscles, nerves and nerve centers. Therefore, a child's physical motoric development is a process that the child goes through regarding the growth and development that occurs in the child. The aim of this research is to find out the extent of children's physical motor development through real work lecture activities.

fine motoric development is the development of motion that includes small muscles with eye-hand coordination. Fine motor development in children is related to the movement of the body, namely, muscles, nerves, and the brain each have a very important role. To determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use with the tendency to nomophobia. This study is a type of quasy experiment with a pretest-postest quasy experiment research design with a sample of 16 respondents. Based on the results of research that has been done that the influence of lego game intervention on the development of fine motoric TK Miftahul Az-zahra desa cihea. In addition, how to give lego games for 4 days with a duration of 30 minutes. Statistical test results based on the results of collecting data on fine motoric development are summed into a MAP (Mean Arterial Preasure) so that it can be concluded a significant effect on the provision of intervention lego games with p-value 0.000 which means p-value <0.05, therefore Ho rejected and Ha accepted that there is an effect of giving lego games on fine motoric development of children in kindergarten Miftahul Az-zahra cihea village. From this study shows the effect of lego play treatment to increase fine motoric development in preschool children P-Value = 0.000 t test. Which means that Ho is rejected and the sample supports the existence of a meaningful influence.

Background. Gross motor development of children from an early age can detect if there is an abnormality. This needs to be evaluated for cause as it will be affect the child's gross motor skills in the future. Research purposes. To analyze the factors that influence gross motor development in children aged 3-5 years in Lasara Sawo Village. Research design. cross sectional. Population and Sample.All parents who have toddlers aged 3-5 years totaled 35. Instrument.  KPSP, questionnaires and scales. Data analysis. Chi-Square.  Research result. There is a relationship parenting style, motivation and nutritional status to gross motor development (<0.05). The most dominant influential variable is the authoritarian parenting style Odd Ratio of 11,000 and a sig.(P Value) of 0.007 (<0.05). Suggestion. In providing effective education about gross motor development, it should adjust to the parenting style, motivation and nutritional status of the target.

Fine motor skills, which involve movements using the small muscles in the hands and wrists, are essential for everyday tasks such as writing, eating, dressing and playing. These skills develop gradually from birth to adulthood and require practice. Hence, it is expected that through the activity of assembling robots with used goods in early childhood can improve children's fine motor skills, improve hand and eye coordination, dexterity, accuracy, strength, creativity, problem solving, and spatial awareness. This activity was carried out with Darul Ilmi Murni Kindergarten students, starting with coordinating with the teacher, preparing activity materials, and presenting the material while practicing it with students. The results of this activity show that assembling robots from used items is not only fun, but also educational. Children are actively involved in processing simple materials into moving robots, while improving their fine motor skills. This activity can also be an effective and fun way to introduce children to the world of technology and support their essential skills development.

This article discusses efforts to improve gross motor skills in young children in the RA SABILAL MUHTADIN school environment. This research focuses on the implementation of a special program designed to stimulate gross motor development through structured play activities. Research methods include observation, intervention, and evaluation of children's progress over a certain period of time. The results show that this approach was successful in significantly improving children's gross motor skills, making a positive contribution to their physical development in a formal education environment.    

Stunting, a chronic nutritional problem characterized by a child's height below the standard for his or her age, is still a challenge in Indonesia. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2021 is 24.4%. In Mancasan Village the prevalence of stunting reached 24%. This figure is quite high, considering that stunting can have a negative impact on children's growth and development, both physically and cognitively. One effort to prevent stunting is to carry out early screening and provide gross motor stimulation. Stunting screening can be done using a screening book and motor stimulation for stunted children aged 0-60 months. This community service is carried out using educational methods, namely lectures and questions and answers. The results of community service show that there has been an increase in community understanding about screening and gross motor stimulation of children aged 0-60 months from 12.9% to 28.6%. It is hoped that this increase in community understanding can reduce the incidence of stunting in Mancasan Village.    

This research aims to improve the results of fine motor skills which previously at Nurul Huda Kindergarten there was still a lack of learning outcomes that emphasized fine motor skills. This research uses classroom action research to collect data from pre-cycle activities, cycle I and cycle II with the results obtained showing that students in the initial stage still do not meet the standards while the results of this research show that in cycle II, the research objectives were achieved, and in the second cycle stopped because the average student score from 2.3 to 3.4 and learning mastery also increased from 2.3% to 3.4%. Based on the data presented, it can be concluded that ronce activities can increase from the undeveloped category to very well developed.

The age period of 4 - 5 years is the first basis for the development of physical (motor), cognitive, language, social, emotional and cognitive abilities. According to WHO, it is estimated that 5-10% of children experience delays in thinking, with an estimated 1-3% especially for children under 5 years. In Indonesia there is a general developmental delay which includes motor, language, social, emotional and cognitive development. This research was conducted to see the relationship between maternal knowledge and gross motor development in preschool children at TKIT Al Hikmah. The research design used is analytical research with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out at TKIT Al Hikmah in September 2023. The population in this study was all mothers of preschool age children at TKIT Al Hikmah totaling 43 people. Samples taken from the total population. From the results of the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), the calculation results show that the p value (0.049) < α (0.05) means that ha is accepted and ho is rejected. From these results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and gross motor development in preschool children. It is hoped that respondents will be willing to participate in increasing knowledge and paying attention to the motoric development of preschool-aged children.

Guidance is the process of providing assistance carried out by someone who is an expert or a counselor to another person or counselee in a sustainable way so that they are able to understand all the potential that exists in themselves and are able to understand their environment, are able to accept themselves and can adapt. Children with special needs (Heward) are children who experience deviations, disorders or disabilities in physical, mental, emotional and social terms, or a combination of these things in such a way that they require special educational services, which are adapted to the deviation, disorder or their disability.

Gross motor development is very important for children's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to describe the improvement of children's gross motor skills in PJOK learning in grade III SDN 2 Tuguraja through the application of traditional gobag sodor games. This research method is Classroom Action Research (PTK). Data collection techniques through observation, tests and documentation. The subjects of this study were grade III students of SDN 2 Tuguraja with a total of 26 students. The results showed that there was an increase in children's gross motor skills through the application of traditional gobag sodor games. The increase can be seen from the results of the study; pre-cycle with an average gain of 70.67, namely 11 students (42.30%) completed KKM and 15 students (57.70%) did not complete KKM, after the first cycle action, the average score was 78.36, namely 14 students (53.85%) completed KKM and 12 students (46.15%) did not complete KKM, then in cycle II saw a significant increase, the average score acquisition was 86.53 showing 22 students (84.62%) completed KKM and 4 students (15.38%) were incomplete KKM. Based on the results of research for 2 cycles, it can be concluded that through the application of traditional gobag sodor games can improve gross motor skills of grade III SDN 2 Tuguraja students, especially in balanced and agile movements.