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This study aims to analyze the effect of return on asset (ROA), current ratio (CR), and company size on the value of companies in the metal and similar industrial sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2022 period. The research was motivated by the need to understand how financial indicators and company characteristics influence the overall market value of companies in this particular industry. The hypothesis of the study was formulated based on theoretical frameworks and previous empirical research findings. To conduct this study, a purposive sampling method was employed, which involved selecting companies based on certain predetermined criteria. A total of 58 companies from the metal and related sectors were included in the sample. Data for the study was gathered from annual financial reports and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to test the proposed hypotheses.The results indicate that company size does not have a significant effect on the company value, suggesting that factors such as financial performance may be more crucial in determining value than the size of the company itself. However, the study found that both return on assets (ROA) and current ratio (CR) have a significant positive impact on company value. These findings emphasize the importance of efficient asset management and liquidity in increasing a company’s market value. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the financial factors that influence the value of companies in the metal and industrial sectors and provides insights for investors and management.

This research aims to identify the presence of metal elements in sandstone, laterite and clay minerals from Nafri Village, Abepura, Jayapura. The method used is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) at the Hydrology and Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, ITB Bandung. Three field samples (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) showed significant metal content. ST-1: contains, Fe(28.7%), Mn(0.0761%), Ti(0.692%), Ni(0.0297%), Cr(0.0907%), Na(trace), Mg(1.95%), Al(21.5 %), Cu(0.0565%), Zn(0.0294%), Rh(0.554%) ;ST-2 contains Na(0.493%), Mg(1.07%), Al(4.55%), K(0.801%), Ca (62.6%), Ti(0.364%), Mn(0.148%), Fe(14.0%), Cu(0.0342%), Sr(0.218%), Ag(0.135%); and ST-3 contains Na(0.625%), Mg(1.38%), Al(3.87%), K(0.937%), Ca(64.5%), Ti(0.409%), Mn(1.38%), Fe(7.37%). %), Sr(0.305%). The results show potential metal resources, particularly nickel and iron, in the area for further exploration and mining. This research provides important basic information for the study of geology and resource management in Jayapura

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has abundant mineral wealth, both metal minerals and other minerals. Metal minerals, including gold, tend to have a higher economic value. Based on data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the world's gold reserves in 2020 were 50,300 tons of Au. Indonesia is among the 5 largest in the world with 5% of the total gold reserves, which is 2,600 tons of Au. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology and science in the mining industry, especially gold and silver, to improve the optimization of the process and increase the added value of the mining products themselves. One of the gold extraction processes can be done hydrometallurgically with the cyanidation method using a intensive leach test. The results of this experiment show that factors such as cyanide usage and ultra fine particle size will greatly affect the recovery of gold and silver metals.

Gold (Au) as a precious metal has played significant role throughout human history. Most gold ores subjected to leaching using the sodium cyanide (NaCN) contain high levels of base metals. High base metal content can influence the recovery of pregnant leach solution (PLS), as it affects the consumption of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime used to optimize the gold ore leaching process. Pre treatment leaching process is required for gold ores before the leaching process is carried out. In this study, a pre treatment leaching process was carried out using the Aachen High Shear and Filblast Low Shear Reactors with variations in feed solids percentage for each reactor, utilizing NaCN concentrations of 1000 ppm for the Aachen with bottle roll test (BRT) and 500 ppm for the Filblast with agitations leach test (ALT). Based on this study, each pre-treatment leaching reactor, the extraction percentages were 54.30% Au, 63,40%  Ag for the Aachen and 52.19% Au and 68,10% Ag at Filblast. Lime consumption in the Aachen was highest at 3.47 kg/t (PreOx 3 and AAL), while in Filblast at 1.71 kg/t. Meanwhile, NaCN consumption in the Aachen was highest at 0.64 kg/t (PreOx 2), compared to 0.80 kg/t in Filblast.

The slashing technique is a technique for manipulating fabric which is done by stacking several fabrics which are treated by cutting so that later they will form a certain motif depending on the size of the cutting technique. The purpose of making this report is to find out the process of utilizing patchwork to produce fabric manipulation with slashing techniques on pants. The methodology used is qualitative method, observation method, literature study method and documentation method. The manufacture of slashing on these pants goes through several stages. In the process of making slashing, it is necessary to pay attention to when choosing a slashing pattern in order to produce the desired slashing. When making slashing, it is better to use 10 piles of material to produce a good color refraction from a pile of fabric. The arrangement of the patchwork for slashing should be a light dark color so that it gives a bold impression on the color mixing, the result of a pile of patchwork should not be too big, just around 1-1.5cm is enough. Synthetic leather as the basic material for making pants, this synthetic leather is easily damaged. When sewing synthetic leather, it is necessary to use several techniques that are quite complicated, namely large stitches, long needles and non-metallic machine shoes or you can use paper as a surface to make it easier when sewing. Also the other thing to be considered, because this is a synthethic leather fabric it will be damaged if it is exposed to a blunt needle.

The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).  

The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the analysis of heavy metal levels of Pb, Cd, Hg found in lettuce in the Central market of Gorontalo city. In this study, the object of research was the roots, stems and leaves of lettuce. The method used was wet deconstruction method using a mixture of HNO3 and HCl. After that the solution was cooled, then filtered. The sample solution that has been deconstructed is analysed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis showed that there was heavy metal Pb in the root, stem and leaf lettuce samples of 2.54 mg / kg, 1.58 mg / kg, 2.28 mg / kg / respectively. Cd heavy metal levels of 0.07 mg/kg, 0.60 mg/kg, 0.65 mg/kg. Hg heavy metal levels of 2.09 mg/kg, 0.21 mg/kg, 0.44 mg/kg. Based on the 2018 Food and Drug Administration regulations, the value of Pb metal content is 0.20 mg/kg, the value of Cd content is 0.05 mg/kg, and the value of Hg content is 0.03 mg/kg.

Purpose – This article aims to develop an integrative framework for utilizing hybrid bio-ceramic composites as high-temperature protective materials in aerospace and defense systems. The focus is on enhancing the extreme heat resistance of bio-ceramics through hybridization with metals or polymers to create durable materials capable of withstanding hypersonic conditions and extreme aerothermal environments. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing scientific publications indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA from 2015 to 2025. The review explores the development of bio-ceramic composite research, hybridization strategies with polymers and lightweight metals, and manufacturing innovations that enhance material performance in thermal protection systems for aerospace applications. Findings – The literature review shows that hybrid bio-ceramic composites outperform conventional materials. These composites can endure temperatures up to 1800 °C, possess high resistance to oxidation, ablation, and thermal shock, and are lightweight for aeronautical use. Biomimetic designs inspired by mollusk shells and bones improve fracture toughness and mechanical performance. Hybridization with polymers and lightweight metals expands the potential applications in hypersonic aircraft and modern defense systems. Practical Implications – The findings are crucial for developing jet engine shields, hypersonic missiles, and space re-entry capsules. For Indonesia, this research offers opportunities to reduce reliance on imported high-temperature materials and enhance national defense industry independence. Originality/Value – The article contributes a new perspective by highlighting bio-ceramic hybrids as strategic materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, integrating biomimetic principles and composite technology for modern defense systems.

Islamic calligraphy is a form of art that plays a central role in the development of Islamic culture and art. Highlighting the beauty of Arabic script, calligraphy serves not only as an aesthetic expression but also as a spiritual medium to reflect religious values. This article discusses how calligraphy influences the development of Islamic art through its integration with geometric designs, technical innovations, and applications across various media such as architecture, ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and glass. The dissemination of calligraphy to various regions, including Europe, Asia, and Africa, demonstrates its universal appeal. Moreover, the influence of calligraphy is evident in modern and contemporary art, ensuring its relevance in the era of globalization. With strong traditional roots and adaptability, Islamic calligraphy continues to symbolize harmony, beauty, and spirituality, inspiring the global art world

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a type of large pelagic fish that is spread in tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world and is a leading export commodity of Indonesia. This field work practice aims to increase insightknowledge, skills, and experience in the tuna canning process. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the export of fishery products in the form of tuna in cans. The processing process carried out begins with receiving raw materials, washing and thawing, cutting, then cooking, showering. Furthermore, pre-cleaning and cleaning, metal detecting, filling meat, filling medium, closing cans, sterilization, incubation, labeling and packing, and the stuffing process are carried out. The quality control method used is sig sixma, where the resulting DPMO value is 6.41 and sigma 440.382. Meanwhile, the control chart calculations obtained central line (CL) results, namely points 3,4, and 5. Meanwhile, points 6, 7, and 10 were above the central line (CL) and points 1, 2, 8, and 9 were below the center line (CL). Then the Paretto diagram shows that 31%, 45% of can lid scratch damage, and 60% of can body scratch damage.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of CSR disclosure and capital structure on firm value by using firm growth as a moderating variable. The sample in this study were metal industry companies and the like listed on the IDX for the 2018-2022 period. The research sample was 17 companies with 68 observation data determined by the purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that CSR disclosure has a negative effect on firm value, capital structure does not affect firm value, and firm growth cannot moderate the effect of CSR and capital structure on firm value. The implication of this study is to provide benefits for all stakeholders such as internal companies and investors.

Managing plastic waste, which continues to increase, is a global challenge that requires sustainable solutions. One approach that can be applied is community empowerment through making ecobricks. Ecobricks are a method of managing plastic waste by using plastic bottles as containers to fill non-organic waste, thereby producing environmentally friendly building materials. This research aims to identify the impact of community creative empowerment through an ecobrick making program in the context of reducing plastic waste in the local environment. The methods used in this research include a participatory approach through training, counseling and direct observation in the community. The research results show that community involvement in making ecobricks not only contributes to reducing the volume of plastic waste, but also increases environmental awareness and community creativity. In addition, this program has a positive impact on local economic development through the potential use of ecobricks as an alternative construction material. In conclusion, community empowerment through making ecobricks is an effective step in overcoming the problem of plastic waste while empowering communities in a sustainable manner.

Badung Regency is one of the regencies/cities in Bali Province with significant potential in the small industry sector, particularly within several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) spread across various areas in Badung Regency. One example is Darmasaba Village, which is home to 35 small-scale tile manufacturing businesses scattered across different banjars within the village. This indicates that Darmasaba Village has a substantial number of tile industries that continue to thrive in the Abiansemal District of Badung Regency. However, over time, the clay tile industry has experienced a decline due to the availability of many alternative materials, such as concrete roofs, metal tiles, aluminium roofs, and UPVC (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) roofs. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyse the simultaneous effects of capital, work hours allocation, and business age on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village, and (2) to analyse the partial effects of capital, work hours allocation, and business age on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village. The data used are primary, with 35 respondents participating. The analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression. The results indicate that (1) capital, work hours allocation, and business age have a significant simultaneous effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village; (2) capital and business age have a positive and significant effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village; (3) work hours allocation has a negative and significant effect on the income of tile manufacturers in Darmasaba Village.

Aviation is a critical sector that requires high levels of security and safety, with regulations such as KP 139 Year 2018 in Indonesia setting operational standards for Aviation Security (AVSEC). Banyuwangi Airport, as a growing airport, must ensure that its security equipment meets these standards. This study aims to analyze the condition of AVSEC equipment at the airport, assess its compliance with regulations, and provide recommendations for enhancing aviation security and safety. This research employs a qualitative method to describe the condition of Aviation Security (AVSEC) equipment at Banyuwangi Airport and its compliance with KP 139 Year 2018. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, focusing on the validity and reliability of the data through triangulation. The study was conducted from July 20 to 26, 2024, involving sources from the AVSEC unit. The research steps included obtaining permissions, data collection, observation, interviews, and data analysis to draw conclusions.The research findings indicate that the condition of AVSEC equipment at Banyuwangi Airport reveals that some equipment, such as the X-ray Machine and Walk Through Metal Detector, requires technological upgrades, while other equipment, such as the Hand Held Metal Detector, CCTV System, and Patrolling Vehicle, functions well and meets standards. Although routine maintenance is performed, challenges related to funding and personnel training still need to be addressed. The implementation of Standard Technical Operations (STO) includes equipment feasibility assessments, standard operating procedures, personnel training and certification, as well as routine calibration and maintenance. Performance evaluations are also conducted periodically to ensure that the equipment operates optimally in supporting aviation security.

This research tested the effect of cadmium chloride and lead acetate on kidney function and their impact on kidney tissues. The study included (30) white rats that were randomly divided into (6) groups:- The control group takes plain water orally for 30 days, the group that was given CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) of body weight, the group that was given CdCl2 10 mg/kg of body weight, the group that was given lead acetate 50 mg/kg of body weight, the group that was given lead acetate 100 mg/kg of body and the group that was given cadmium chloride 5mg/kg with lead acetate 50 mg/kg body weight with drinking water for a month .The results shown in Table (1) indicated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid in the serum of groups treated with CdCl2 at doses of 5 and 100 mg/kg, and the groups treated with lead acetate at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, as well as the group that received CdCl2 at a dose of 5 mg/kg along with lead acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg, comparison with the healthy group .As for histological sections, the results showed the following section of the renal of the group treated with cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg shows atrophic renal glomerulus, necrosis of cells lining Bowman’s capsule , necrosis of cells lining the convoluted tubule  and a large increase in the space between the glomerulus and the capsule. As for the group treated with high-dose cadmium chloride showing necrosis of cells lining the glomerulus  and degeneration of cells lining the renal tubules Fragmentation of the glomerulus. As for the group treated with lead acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg showing renal glomerulonephrosis, proximal and distal convoluted tubule necrosis, and periglomerular space in an almost normal manner. A section of the kidney of the group treated with with high-dose lead acetate, showing atrophy of some renal glomeruli and congestion of blood vessels and showing blood congestion within the kidney tissue, and decomposition of the cells lining the urinary tubules , Cross-section of the kidney of the group treated with cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg and lead acetate 50 mg/kg body weight Shows destruction of renal glomeruli  and swelling of renal tubule cells and necrosis of the kidney tissue with the appearance of hemorrhage Comparison with the healthy group

Two important factors in preventing foodborne illness are food hygiene and sanitation. These efforts can reduce the risk of bacterial contamination of food. Some examples of hazardous materials in food are plastics, metals, borax, formalin, insecticides, and banned food additives such as benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid. The objective of this outreach is to increase knowledge about food safety and how to manage it. The method of counseling to the general public includes coordination with the head of the RT, providing materials, giving pre- and post-tests, and evaluating activities carried out at the RT head's house on June 1, 2024 at 16.00-17.30. The results of this activity were an increase in pre and post-test scores on questions regarding storage temperature and the main purpose of food storage, from 50 to 70 and 95 to 100. The conclusion of this counseling is that there is an increase in housewives' knowledge about food safety on a household scale. Suggestions for further counseling are to increase the number of targets so that more housewives understand the importance of household-scale food safety.

Honey is derived from plant nectar and pollen collected by bees. Honey contains natural sugars and nutrients but is prone to contamination by heavy metals such as mercury, copper, and cadmium from the environment. Honey quality standards stipulate maximum limits of contamination according to SNI 8664:2018. This study examined copper, mercury, and cadmium levels in native, cultivated, and branded honey using ICP-AES. Samples were randomly collected at the Laboratory of Pharmacy Faculty of University 17 August 1945 and metal levels were determined at the Regional Health Laboratory of DKI Jakarta Province from April-July 2024. Results showed all samples contained copper below the maximum limit of 5.0 mg/kg in the order of 0.243; 0.399; 0.297 mg/kg. Cadmium and mercury in the three honeys were undetected according to SNI's respective maximum limits of 0.2 and 0.03 mg/kg. Therefore, honeys of the three types met quality standards and are safe for consumption.    

This study aims to evaluate the effect of ramie fiber length on the tensile strength of Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) hybrid composites. The background of this research is the saturation with the use of synthetic composite materials, which encourages the search for renewable materials to replace synthetic fibers. In this study, ramie fibers were immersed in a 6% NaOH solution before use, and the composite manufacturing process was carried out using the hand lay-up method. Annealed Aluminum 1100 was used as the laminating layer. The results of the study showed that the highest tensile strength was obtained in composites with a ramie fiber length of 5 cm, with a tensile strength of approximately 105 MPa. These findings indicate the potential of using ramie fibers as a sustainable and efficient alternative in FML hybrid composite applications.    

Heavy metals are chemical elements that can be toxic even at low concentrations. The presence of non-essential heavy metals in the environment can contaminate soil, water, and air. The consequences of this contamination affect the living organisms in the surrounding area. For instance, heavy metals in soil and water can contaminate plants growing in the region, which may then be processed as daily food sources, potentially impacting the health of those who consume them. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) are non-essential heavy metals that are of primary concern due to their toxic nature. The presence of heavy metals in food can hinder the growth and development of children, making it crucial to implement educational initiatives and preventive measures to reduce heavy metal contamination in daily consumed foods. This activity involves educating people about the dangers of heavy metal contamination in food and the actions that can be taken to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the food we consume.

The increasing population in Indonesia has resulted in increased food needs. One of the factors that affects chicken production is the management of the feeding system. The purpose of this study is to design and create an automatic chicken feeder based on Arduino. Calibrate the Load Cell Sensor. Control the AC motor as a metal screw driver for feeding with a load cell sensor. Determine the amount of chicken feed according to the specified setting point and Connect the MCU Node to the telegram. This study uses the "Research and development" research method. Consisting of literature studies, hardware design, software design, tool design, and data collection, analysis and conclusions. Overall testing was carried out for 2 days starting from 6 am to 4 pm. The capacity of the tank is filled with 3 kg of feed. The setting point for feeding in the morning is 200 grams while in the afternoon it is 300 grams, for feed output there are 2 containers. Testing on the first day at 7 am the weight of the feed coming out of container 1 was 221 grams while in container 2 it was 225 grams, for 4 pm the weight of the feed coming out of container 1 was 352 grams while in container 2 it was 357 grams. Testing on the second day at 7 am the weight of the feed coming out of container 1 was 219 grams while in container 2 it was 221 grams, for 4 pm the weight of the feed coming out of container 1 was 346 grams while in container 2 it was 348 grams. Telegram notification sends a message when the amount of feed remaining is 1405 grams. The results of the weight of the feed coming out are different from the specified setting point value, the amount of feed coming out exceeds the setting point value. This is because the output hole of the feed that comes out through the PVC pipe is too large. An "automatic chicken feed tool based on Arduino" has been successfully created, the tool created is equipped with a load cell sensor that facilitates the process of feeding chickens. Making a system for pouring feed into the hopper automatically by making a conveyor so that it does not need to be done manually. Making automatic chicken feed based on Arduino on a large scale so that it can cover a larger number. Addition of making automatic drinking places on automatic chicken feed based on Arduino.