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Coal hauling activities are an important part of mining operation because they affect production continuity, cycle time efficiency, and operational safety. This study aims to analyze the requirements of road support equipment on the coal hauling road from Sector 4 to the new Coal Processing Plant (CPP) at PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Central Kalimantan. Based on road geometry, traffic density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI). The research method used was applied research with a quantitative approach. Primary data ware collected through field measurements consisting of road geometri observations, traffic density observations, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing to obtain CBR values, and road surface condition assessment using the URCI method. Secondary data were obtained from the company records. The results showed that the hauling road has a total length of 9.1 km with an average width of 16 m, and grade values ranging from -7.68% to 10.52%, which are still below the maximum standard of 12%. Traffic density reached 184 dump trucks/day, for coal hauling and 62 units/day for construction material transportation, indicating high traffic intensity. CBR values ranged from 7% to 100%, showing variations in subgrade bearing capacity. The URCI value ranged from 72,50 to 91.00, indicating fair to good road conditions. Based on the analysis of road conditions and maintenance area requirements, the recommended support equipment for maintaining the hauling road consists of 1 motor grader unit, 1 compactor unit, 1 bulldozer unit, and 1 water truck unit.

Indonesia, as a country located at the intersection of three tectonic plates, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. This has led to the development of various innovations in earthquake-resistant housing. An interesting phenomenon can be found in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, where several vernacular houses of the Kaili people constructed with a hybrid design (wooden frame and mud walls) have proven to withstand the major earthquake that struck Palu, Central Sulawesi, in 2018. This study aims to examine the architectural typology of non-engineered hybrid houses within the Kaili community using a qualitative descriptive approach and typological analysis. Data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and literature reviews, with a focus on the spatial and physical systems of the buildings. The sample for the study was determined through purposive sampling with specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that, despite changes in materials due to adaptations to technological advancements and reconstruction policies, the spatial layout and fundamental structure of the houses have maintained traditional philosophies. These houses demonstrate the integration of cultural values, local knowledge about seismic activity, and the use of local materials, which allow for both structural flexibility and some rigidity, contributing to the buildings’ resilience. These findings highlight the importance of combining technical and cultural approaches in designing earthquake-resistant houses within a local context.

The field of education, especially Islamic Religious Education (PAI), has seen substantial changes as a result of the advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The existence of digital media and AI offers numerous opportunities to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of education through interactive, flexible, and easily accessible learning resources. The purpose of this article is to analyze how artificial intelligence (AI) and digital media are used in Islamic Religious Education. This includes the idea of AI and digital media, AI-based learning materials, the use of AI in educational activities, ethical considerations of AI use, the effects and difficulties of integrating AI, and the Islamic viewpoint on technological advancement. This study employed a library research method by collecting data from relevant journals, books, and other scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the use of AI and digital media in PAI learning can enhance access to information, personalize learning experiences, improve evaluation effectiveness, and increase student engagement in the learning process. However, the implementation of AI also presents several challenges, such as limited digital literacy among teachers, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, ethical concerns, and the potential decline of direct educational interaction between teachers and students. Therefore, the utilization of AI in Islamic Religious Education should be carried out wisely while maintaining Islamic values, ethics, and the primary goal of Islamic education in shaping students’ character.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.

The era of globalization has brought significant changes to the world of education, particularly to the role and function of teachers in the learning process. Advances in information technology and easy access to knowledge require teachers to reorient their roles from mere transmitters of material to facilitators, motivators, curators of information, and mentors of student character. This study aims to examine the nature of the reorientation of the role and function of teachers in the era of globalization, the reasons for the need for such changes, the ideal form of teacher roles, and the challenges and strategies in their implementation. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study through analysis of various books, journals, and relevant scientific sources. The results show that the reorientation of teacher roles is necessary due to changes in learning paradigms, technological developments, and the demand for 21st-century skills. However, the process still faces various challenges such as low digital literacy, conventional mindsets, limited training, and a lack of infrastructure support and parental participation. Therefore, strategies are needed such as improving teacher professional development, strengthening digital literacy, simplifying administrative burdens, and strengthening cooperation between schools, parents, and the community. With this reorientation, it is hoped that teachers will be able to play an optimal role in improving the quality of education and developing a generation that is intelligent, has character, and is ready to face global challenges.

This community service program addressed the limited capacity of educators to use artificial intelligence in a structured and pedagogically responsible way for textbook development. The program focused on empowering educators through NotebookLM in the Ngabuburit AI 2026 activity. Its objective was to improve participants’ understanding and practical skills in organizing sources, designing textbook structures, developing chapter content, and generating interactive learning media. The program used a participatory training approach consisting of presentation, demonstration, guided practice, discussion, and feedback-based evaluation. The results showed that participants gained a clearer understanding of AI-assisted academic writing workflows and recognized NotebookLM as a useful tool for integrating source analysis, textbook writing, and learning media preparation. The activity also fostered new awareness that artificial intelligence can strengthen, rather than replace, educators’ academic roles in producing more systematic and interactive teaching materials.

Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious practice observed by Muslims by abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset. These changes may increase the need for oral and dental healthcare. However, some Muslims still perceive that undergoing dental treatment while fasting may invalidate the fast, leading many patients to delay or avoid dental visits during Ramadan. Objective: This study aims to review and analyse various scientific literature regarding the safety and permissibility of dental procedures for patients who are observing fasting during Ramadan. Methods: This study used a narrative review method by searching scientific articles through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords relevant to the research topic. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review findings indicate that most dental procedures, such as local anaesthesia administration, scaling, restorative treatment, and tooth extraction, generally do not invalidate fasting as long as no material or fluid is intentionally swallowed. The use of suction devices, isolation of the treatment area, and proper scheduling of dental procedures are important factors in minimizing the risk of swallowing fluids during treatment. Conclusion: Most dental procedures can be safely performed on fasting patients while still considering both medical aspects and Islamic principles. Patient education regarding the safety of dental procedures during fasting should be improved to prevent delays in treatment and complications in oral health.

This community service program aimed to strengthen community development in Negeri Soya by reinforcing group kinship ties within a multicultural society. As a traditional village in Ambon City, Negeri Soya is inhabited by people from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds who live together in one area. This diversity requires harmonious social relations supported by solidarity, brotherhood, and social awareness. The program focused on the men’s service group of the Elim Sector, Soya Congregation, as a forum for social and spiritual development. The activities were conducted through lectures, question-and-answer sessions, and collaborative practices in church services. The materials emphasized group kinship, social solidarity, togetherness, and the understanding that kinship is not limited to blood relations, but can also be built through shared territory, life experiences, and continuous social interaction. The results show that the Negeri Soya community has strong solidarity and active participation in religious and social activities. Values such as mutual cooperation, masohi, and the concept of orang basudara serve as important foundations for social integration. Men’s church service activities strengthened care, cooperation, and shared responsibility among members. These findings indicate that local cultural values remain relevant for managing diversity and building collective resilience in post-conflict communities. Overall, this program contributed positively to strengthening social relations and supporting harmonious, inclusive, and sustainable community life in Negeri Soya in daily life.

Child marriage remains a significant issue in legal practice in Indonesia, despite the establishment of a minimum age requirement under Law Number 16 of 2019. In practice, the mechanism of marriage dispensation is often utilized without fulfilling the standard of “urgent reasons” as required by statutory regulations. This study aims to analyze the meaning of “urgent reasons” in granting marriage dispensation and to examine the judge’s considerations in Decision Number 442/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Krw based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019. This research is a normative legal study employing statutory and case approaches. Legal materials were obtained through library research and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method with a deductive approach. The findings conclude that “urgent reasons” should be interpreted strictly as real and objectively verifiable emergency circumstances. However, in the decision, the judge granted the application without clear emergency conditions, relying instead on the prospective husband’s financial readiness and the child’s status as mukallaf. This indicates a discrepancy between legal norms and judicial practice, as well as the suboptimal application of the principle of the best interests of the child.

Computers in one of the network companies at PT. Estrada uses the Fortinet operating system. The final result expected through this implementation is to comprehensively see the capabilities of the firewall on Fortinet in overcoming the problem of blocking social media applications and streaming platforms during working hours. Blocking the application in question is the ability to filter web processes such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc. In the tests carried out, web filtering was able to block applications on social media and streaming platforms, which proves that the performance of web filtering is quite good. In analyzing web filtering performance, use the office hour rule tool by carrying out the rule schedule in the Fortinet network and displaying all the information in detail. The final result obtained in the network application filtering simulation process using Fortinet is that every network sent cannot be entered (blocked) on both social media applications and streaming platforms.

This study aimed to develop Matif (Interactive Mathematics) video media on the topic of equivalent fractions for fourth-grade elementary school students and to determine its validity, effectiveness, and student responses. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. It was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah Gresik during the first semester, involving 19 fourth-grade students. Data collection techniques included interviews, expert validation sheets for content and media, learning effectiveness tests, and student response questionnaires. The development process followed five ADDIE stages. (1) Analysis involved curriculum analysis, needs analysis, and student characteristics analysis. (2) Design focused on creating the learning flow and storyboard. (3) Development produced the video media, which was validated by experts. The material expert validation score reached 97.5%, and the media expert validation score was 91.6%, both categorized as very valid. These results indicate that the material is highly appropriate, clear, and easy to understand, while the media demonstrates excellent quality in visual, audio, typography, language, and usability aspects. (4) Implementation involved testing the media on students, with an N-Gain score of 0.8405, categorized as high, indicating that the media effectively improves students’ understanding. (5) Evaluation was conducted through student response questionnaires, resulting in a score of 95.5%, categorized as very good, showing that students found the media engaging, easy to use, and helpful. Overall, the Matif video media meets the criteria of validity and effectiveness, making it suitable as an innovative learning alternative, with potential for further development through enhanced animations and varied exercises.

The Merdeka Curriculum, as a new educational policy in Indonesia, emphasizes the cultivation of the Pancasila Student Profile, which is rich in citizenship values. This study aims to analyze the application of citizenship values in Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) learning within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum at the high school level. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, collecting data through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPKn teachers, and analysis of teaching modules and project-based learning documents (P5). The findings indicate that the application of citizenship values is primarily integrated through Project-Based Learning to Strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile (P5). Values such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong), critical reasoning (bernalar kritis), and global diversity (berkebinekaan global) are the most frequently emphasized. However, teachers face challenges, including the need to adapt pedagogical approaches, difficulties in assessing value-based outcomes authentically, and a lack of specific reference materials aligned with the new curriculum. The implication of this research is the urgent need for structured professional development for teachers and the development of comprehensive teaching guides to ensure the effective and standardized implementation of citizenship values in PPKn learning across all educational units.

The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, both physically and mentally, may be rather uncomfortable, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women often report back discomfort, muscular aches, trouble sleeping, excessive exhaustion, and irregular sleep patterns. Mothers' physical and mental health as well as the health of their unborn children may be significantly impacted by inadequate sleep quality during pregnancy. To enhance comfort and the quality of sleep during pregnancy, one non-pharmacological technique is to use an aromatherapy maternity pillow. An ergonomic and ecologically sustainable invention to enhance mother comfort during pregnancy was the goal of this research, which intended to produce a Pregnancy Pillow Therapy product with pineapple leaf fiber and aromatherapy. A descriptive research design using a prototype creation technique was used in this study. The stages of the research included problem identification, literature review, product design, material selection, prototype manufacturing, and product evaluation. Data were collected through literature studies and observations related to sleep discomfort in pregnancy, maternity pillow utilization, aromatherapy therapy, and pineapple leaf fiber characteristics. The developed product was designed ergonomically to support the back, abdomen, waist, and legs of pregnant women. The addition of aromatherapy was intended to provide a relaxing effect and improve sleep quality. The use of pineapple leaf fiber also supports environmentally friendly product innovation through agricultural waste utilization. The results indicate that Pregnancy Pillow Therapy has the potential to become a supportive product for improving comfort and sleep quality among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate product effectiveness directly among pregnant women.

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in learning practices, including Indonesian language learning, which increasingly utilizes online platforms such as YouTube. In this context, digital literacy is not only related to the technical ability to access information but also encompasses ethical, critical, and character-building aspects of students. This study aims to analyze the integration of digital literacy and character education values in online learning through Indonesian language educational videos on YouTube. The research employed a qualitative approach using content analysis methods. The research data consisted of Indonesian language learning videos selected purposively based on the relevance of the material, channel popularity, and consistency of educational content. The findings reveal that Indonesian language learning videos on YouTube contain various character education values, such as responsibility, academic honesty, hard work, independence, tolerance, and communicative attitudes. These values are integrated through the presentation of materials, the use of polite language, contextual examples, and reflective invitations that encourage students to think critically. In addition, aspects of digital literacy are reflected in the ability of video content to guide students toward the wise, selective, and responsible use of digital media. However, the study also identified several limitations, particularly the lack of systematic explicitness of character values and the suboptimal two-way interaction between educators and students.

A feasibility study is a critical stage in the planning of hospital establishment to ensure investment viability, particularly from a financial perspective. This community service program aims to provide reinforcement in the preparation of a feasibility study for the establishment of a Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) in Barukan Village, Tengaran District, Semarang Regency, through financial feasibility analysis conducted by financial experts. The implementation method was carried out through partner needs identification, delivery of financial analysis materials, interactive discussions, and assistance in developing financial models encompassing cash flow projections, discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and sensitivity analysis, all of which yielded feasible and acceptable results. The outcomes of the activity demonstrated an improvement in partners' understanding of financial feasibility analysis as well as their ability to interpret investment assessment criteria. In addition, the activity yielded an early-stage draft encompassing the financial feasibility aspects, which is intended to guide stakeholders in making informed decisions related to the founding of the Semarang Regency Regional Public Hospital. This activity contributes to strengthening the planning of healthcare facility investment in an effective and sustainable manner.

The use of local raw materials in Nile tilapia feed formulation needs to be developed to reduce dependence on increasingly expensive conventional feed ingredients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different formulations of chicken feather meal and moringa leaf meal with turmeric addition as a phytobiotic on the chemical composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. The study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. P1 consisted of 55% chicken feather meal, 25% moringa leaf meal, 5% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% starch; P2 consisted of 40% chicken feather meal, 40% moringa leaf meal, 5% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% starch; and P3 consisted of 25% chicken feather meal, 55% moringa leaf meal, 5% turmeric, 10% corn flour, and 5% starch. The parameters analyzed were crude protein, moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fiber, and carbohydrate. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test when significant differences occurred. The results showed that P3 produced the highest protein content (22.60%), ash content (6.65%), crude fiber (6.55%), and carbohydrate (8.45%), whereas P2 produced the highest lipid content (6.54%). Based on chemical analysis, P3 was the most prominent formulation for most proximate parameters. However, this formulation cannot be directly concluded as the best feed for fish growth because digestibility, palatability, feed conversion ratio, growth, survival, and health responses were not evaluated. Further biological testing is therefore required to confirm its feasibility for Nile tilapia culture.

This research is motivated by the need for interactive digital learning media to increase interest in learning and understanding of multiplication concepts in elementary school students. This study aims to develop interactive Math Space media based on space math adventure games on multiplication material for third-grade students of Mursyidah Elementary School and assess its feasibility based on aspects of validity, response, and effectiveness. The method used is research and development with a 4D model that includes the stages of definition, design, development, and dissemination. Data were collected through expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the Math Space media has a very high level of validity with a percentage of 94% from material experts and 95% from media experts. Meanwhile, positive responses from teachers and students were 94.5% which is included in the very good category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test produced an N-gain value of 0.87 which is in the very effective category, so this media is proven to be able to significantly improve understanding of multiplication concepts. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the interactive Math Space media is valid, has received positive feedback, and is effective for use in learning mathematics, especially multiplication, and has the potential to be developed for other materials and subjects.

This community service activity aimed to improve financial literacy and family financial management skills based on priority scales among housewives in the pandan mat weaving artisan community in Sei Balai District, Batubara Regency, North Sumatra Province. The main problems faced by the community partners included limited understanding of simple financial record-keeping, the absence of separation between business and household finances, and low saving habits due to fluctuating income levels. The implementation method employed a participatory approach through observation, lectures, interactive discussions, household budgeting practices, and simple financial recording training. The results of the activity indicated that participants experienced an improvement in their understanding of the importance of distinguishing between needs and wants, arranging expenditure priorities, and developing saving habits as well as preparing family emergency funds. In addition, participants also began to recognize the importance of financial record-keeping as an effort to control household expenditures more effectively and efficiently. The participants’ enthusiasm throughout the program demonstrated that the materials delivered were highly relevant to community needs. Therefore, this outreach activity contributed positively to enhancing family financial management capabilities and supporting the economic well-being of the pandan mat weaving artisan community.

The remarkable global ascent of BTS, a South Korean music group operating under HYBE Corporation (formerly Big Hit Entertainment), is inseparable from a well-orchestrated and adaptive public relations (PR) framework. This study examines how HYBE's PR strategies propelled BTS to international prominence while simultaneously aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Adopting a qualitative methodology grounded in media content analysis, the research draws on data from international and national news coverage, official press materials, public speeches, digital platform content, and institutional documents spanning 2017 to 2024. Four strategic pillars characterize BTS's PR approach: (1) sustained authentic narrative construction centered on personal growth, social responsibility, and cultural pride; (2) strategic mobilization of the global ARMY fanbase as an active communication force; (3) integrated and innovative utilization of digital media ecosystems to amplify reach and engagement; and (4) deliberate repositioning of BTS as contributors to economic and industrial transformation through creative industries. The findings demonstrate that BTS's PR model does not merely serve commercial objectives; rather, it operates as a mechanism for advancing inclusive economic growth and fostering innovation within the global creative sector. This research contributes to the theoretical discourse on PR's evolving role at the intersection of popular culture, digital innovation, and global sustainable development.

This community service activity aimed to improve financial literacy and family financial management skills based on priority scales among housewives in the pandan mat weaving artisan community in Sei Balai District, Batubara Regency, North Sumatra Province. The main problems faced by the community partners included limited understanding of simple financial record-keeping, the absence of separation between business and household finances, and low saving habits due to fluctuating income levels. The implementation method employed a participatory approach through observation, lectures, interactive discussions, household budgeting practices, and simple financial recording training. The results of the activity indicated that participants experienced an improvement in their understanding of the importance of distinguishing between needs and wants, arranging expenditure priorities, and developing saving habits as well as preparing family emergency funds. In addition, participants also began to recognize the importance of financial record-keeping as an effort to control household expenditures more effectively and efficiently. The participants’ enthusiasm throughout the program demonstrated that the materials delivered were highly relevant to community needs. Therefore, this outreach activity contributed positively to enhancing family financial management capabilities and supporting the economic well-being of the pandan mat weaving artisan community.